CN107987889B - Energy-saving and emission-reducing method for semi-coke gasification gas boiler - Google Patents

Energy-saving and emission-reducing method for semi-coke gasification gas boiler Download PDF

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CN107987889B
CN107987889B CN201711419974.3A CN201711419974A CN107987889B CN 107987889 B CN107987889 B CN 107987889B CN 201711419974 A CN201711419974 A CN 201711419974A CN 107987889 B CN107987889 B CN 107987889B
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nitrogen
coke
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孔令增
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J1/00—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis
    • C10J1/20—Carburetting gases other than air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Abstract

The invention provides an energy-saving and emission-reducing method for a semi-coke gasification gas boiler, semi-coke is pulverized bituminous coal, small-sized lump coal nitrogen-free hot gas dry distillation and nitrogen-free gas cooling semi-coke particles which are produced by a device and a method for cooling semi-coke and have no tar, no sulfur and high hardness, the semi-coke particles are used in a fixed bed gasification furnace, the purpose of the semi-coke particles is to use oxygen and carbon dioxide in waste gas after combustion to replace water vapor as a gasification agent, the gasification temperature reaches 1100-.

Description

Energy-saving and emission-reducing method for semi-coke gasification gas boiler
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction, and relates to an energy conservation and emission reduction method for a semi-coke gasification gas boiler.
Background
The gas boiler uses gas and air to generate heat through a burner or a burner and passes through more than three internal circulation structures in the gas boiler, the heat efficiency is obviously improved by more than 15 percent compared with the coal-fired boiler, when the gas boiler generates water vapor at about 200 ℃, the exhaust smoke waste heat is at 70-140 ℃, when the gas boiler reaches the critical pressure, namely the medium pressure, the temperature of the exhaust smoke waste heat is increased along with the exhaust smoke waste heat, certain cost is paid to heat recycling, or the waste heat with the temperature of not less than 120 ℃ is directly discharged to cause heat loss, and the condition is very important in supercritical power generation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy-saving and emission-reducing method for a semi-coke gasification gas boiler, which can solve the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an energy-saving and emission-reducing method for semi-coke gasification gas boiler, wherein nitrogen-free gas and oxygen are combusted in a combustor to generate heat so as to ensure the amount of flue gas in the boilerRatio ofThe heat gas content is reduced by 40-79% by using the air containing 79% of nitrogen, the components of the hot gas with the temperature being equal to or more than 750-950 ℃ are basically carbon dioxide and high-temperature water vapor, the hot gas is discharged at the temperature of 600 ℃ kept at 300-600 ℃ when leaving the gas boiler, and the heat gas is formed by using 20-60% of the following components: carbon dioxide and high-temperature water vapor are conveyed to a semi-coke gasification furnace and are mixed with oxygen,The water vapor is mixed into a gasifying agent to be gasified with the semi-coke in the furnace to form a discharged part of waste hot gas and then enter the semi-coke gasification furnace, carbon dioxide in the gas reduces carbon monoxide in the high-temperature thermal carbon layer in the furnace, the high-temperature water vapor neutralizes and reduces to release hydrogen and carbon monoxide, so that the emission of the carbon dioxide is reduced, 15-30% of the use amount of coal and oxygen is saved by reducing the carbon monoxide, and the water vapor in the high-temperature hot gas can replace a part of the water vapor. The semi-coke is produced by non-tar, non-sulfur and high-hardness semi-coke particles by a device and a method for dry distillation of crushed bituminous coal and straw non-nitrogen hot gas, and is used in a fixed bed gasification furnace for the purpose of using carbon dioxide and a small amount of water vapor in oxygen and non-nitrogen hot gas as gasification agents, wherein the gasification temperature reaches 1100-1600 ℃ at an oxidation layer, so that carbon dioxide in non-nitrogen hot waste gas entering a gas boiler is reduced into carbon monoxide, high-temperature water vapor in the waste gas is neutralized with high-temperature hot carbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are decomposed, and 20-60% of the nitrogen-free waste gas discharged by the gas boiler is reduced into a part of fuel gas at 300-600 ℃, thereby achieving the purpose of saving fuel. The semi-coke has low tar, low sulfur and high hardness, and oxygen, water vapor and gas are fed into a boiler without nitrogen waste heat gas (CO)2) The mixed gas as the gasifying agent is stabilized at the optimal temperature of 300-600 ℃, the temperature of an oxidation layer in the furnace reaches about 1100-1600 ℃, the temperature of a reduction layer is 750-950 ℃, the temperature of a dry distillation layer is 500-800 ℃, the temperature of a preheating layer to a coal gas outlet is 300-500 ℃, and the fuel gas with the temperature of 300-500 ℃ is directly sent into a burner or a burner of a gas boiler through heat preservation, spin-off and dust removal, so that various hot gases are circulated to form a closed circuit. Namely, the oxygen, the water vapor and the gas discharged from a gas boiler at the temperature of 300-600 ℃ of the gasifying agent enter into nitrogen-free waste hot gas (CO) at the temperature of 300-600 DEG C2) The mixture enters a gasification furnace, the coal gas produced by the gasification furnace needs to be kept at the temperature of 300-500 ℃ and is directly sent into a burner or a burner, and basically, the heat and the hot gas are circulated in a closed loop. The premise for completing the cycle is that: all kinds of gases or no nitrogen (CO)2) The temperature of various flowing hot gases is not less than 300-900 ℃, and the nitrogen-free waste hot gas (CO)2) The oxide layer and the dry distillation layer in the furnace can be reduced into the fuel gas in the original condition, and finally the purpose of saving blue carbon by 15-40 percent is achieved, the efficiency is influenced by low temperature, the cost is increased by high temperature. Oxygen and water vapor used for gasifying the semi-coke are used asStarting the gasification agent to form the whole circulating system and running without nitrogen. The results of the existing long-term oxygen gasification and pure oxygen continuous gasification operation equipment prove that: the nitrogen-free gasification can improve the thermal efficiency by 15 percent, but the energy consumption of pure oxygen and the energy consumption of nitrogen are basically balanced, and the key is to utilize nitrogen-free waste hot gas (CO)2) Enters a gasification furnace to be neutralized, decomposed and reduced with high-temperature hot carbon energy. The best matching number is found in actual operation, the most economical operation circulating temperature can achieve the best effect only by keeping the respective temperature. The waste heat gas is changed into the main components of waste heat gas by burning with oxygen in a gas boiler: CO22=20-60%、H20 (water vapor) =30-40% (nitrogen is less than or equal to 2%), so waste heat gas (CO)2) 20-50% of the gas is introduced into a semi-coke furnace to reduce the original fuel gas at high temperature through violent oxidation reaction of oxygen and carbon, the non-nitrogen gas and the oxygen are used for combustion, the oxygen and the carbon are used for violent oxidation reaction in the semi-coke gasification furnace to release a large amount of heat energy and generate high-temperature hot carbon, and various gas flows are kept at the temperature of 300-600 ℃ for circulation, so that the heat energy is decomposed and reduced in a closed circuit all the time, and the reduction and the decomposition are matched with good operation. Gas for small-sized steam gas boilers with the temperature of less than 200 ℃; mixing semi coke with air and water vapor for gasification. Low-sulfur crushed coal and straw preparation cylinder particles are mixed with air and water vapor for high-temperature gasification, semi coke, crushed coal and straw particles reach low sulfur, and fuel gas at the temperature of 300-500 ℃ at a coal gas outlet does not need to be in tar catching and desulfurization links. Dedusting under the condition of heat preservation. Thereby the semi-coke gasification furnace can increase and stabilize the gas outlet temperature to 300-500 ℃ under favorable conditions, directly send the gas with the temperature of 300-500 ℃ into the gas boiler, dissolve the part of heat in the gas boiler system and recycle considerable heat. Meanwhile, the waste gas discharged from the boiler is used for heating gas for exchange gasification, so that the air for the semi-coke gasification furnace and the air for the gas boiler are simultaneously heated to the temperature of not less than 100 ℃, and the temperature of the discharged waste gas is not less than 70 ℃. A large amount of heat energy can be utilized by recovering and exchanging a plurality of heat energies, which is equivalent to saving 15-25% of coal. Crushing coal, grinding straws, mixing, extruding to obtain a cylinder with the length of 30-200mm and the length of 15-30mm, crushing coal with a screen opening of 30mm, separating to obtain 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm and 30mm small-particle coal, and removing tar, sulfur, benzene, sulfur and oxygen from the small-particle coal by dry distillation at 550-1050 ℃ in the absence of nitrogen gas,The phenol and naphthalene become clean granular coal called semi coke, and the semi coke replaces lump coal, coke and charcoal briquettes to be put into medium and large semi coke gasification furnaces. The semi-coke gasification furnace uses oxygen, partial water vapor and waste hot gas (CO) after combustion according to the characteristics of non-tar, low sulfur, large hardness and burning resistance of semi-coke2) Mixing the mixture in a furnace to generate high temperature to react with semi-coke to generate high-quality nitrogen-free coal gas, and using oxygen to gasify the produced coal gas without nitrogen and with the heat value of 2400kcal/m3High economic value and comprehensive utilization rate. Using exhaust gas (CO) after combustion2) The return semi-coke gasification furnace reduces and increases the coal gas yield to achieve the aims of energy conservation and emission reduction. The combustion of the nitrogen-free gas and the oxygen can realize the stability in controlling the temperature of 850 ℃ and 950 ℃, and the method has obvious advantages when being used in supercritical power generation and ultra-supercritical gas boilers. The combustion discharge temperature can be effectively and stably controlled, and the key temperature stability problem of the ultra-supercritical boiler is also determined. The temperature of the nitrogen-free waste heat gas discharged by the supercritical power generation and supercritical boiler is released to 400-750 ℃, and the nitrogen-free waste heat gas is directly introduced into the semi-coke gasification furnace, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, waste hot gas with the temperature of more than 400 ℃ enters the semi-coke gasification furnace in a full-effective way, and the heat exchanger cannot be compared. This is because the nitrogen-free waste hot gas above 400 ℃ needs to reduce carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the semi-coke furnace. 2, carbon dioxide and water vapor (water) in the nitrogen-free waste hot gas with the temperature of over 600 ℃ are very easy to reduce in the high-temperature semi-coke layer, and 15 to 30 percent of fire coal can be replaced. 3 when the temperature of the entered semi-coke, oxygen, water vapor and the whole temperature (without gasification temperature) in the hearth is increased to 500-900 ℃, the conversion efficiency of the non-nitrogen fuel gas generated by the semi-coke is increased by 15%, and the total heat efficiency of the semi-coke and the step 1 and the step 2 is up to 80% (the pure oxygen is continuously gasified and reaches 70% and contains recovered heat energy), which is the advantages of the energy-saving and emission-reducing method and the equipment of the semi-coke gasification gas boiler. The semi-coke gasification comprises the step of putting bituminous coal into a double-section continuous gasification furnace, and sinking hot carbon from an upper section or an upper section to be dry-distilled by utilizing the hot carbon to be gasified in the bottom or the lower section. Is basically the same as semi-coke. Therefore, the temperature of the coal gas generated at the bottom or the lower section can be adjusted to be more than 300-600 ℃ and can enter the semi-coke system. The coal gas is purified or semi-coke gas is simply purified. The carbon dioxide concentration of the waste gas after combustion is high, and the excess carbon dioxide which can not be returned to the gasification furnace can be reduced at low costThe liquefied gas is recovered and comprehensively utilized, or the surplus pipeline is adopted for conveying and filling the liquefied gas into a plastic greenhouse for plants to absorb, the fertilizer application is reduced, the pesticide is not sprayed or sprinkled, the real green plants are obtained, and the yield can be increased by more than 25%. The advantage of discharging high-concentration carbon dioxide by the semi-coke gasification gas boiler is also realized, and the emission of carbon is reduced naturally.
The invention relates to a plurality of inventions of patent ZL201210082054.8 roller extruder for preparing cylinder particle fuel, ZL201210082056.7 method and equipment for preparing fuel gas, ZL201210082057.1 cylinder particle fuel and preparation method and equipment thereof, ZL201010572913.2 reaction device for preparing nitrogen-free coal fuel gas by coal, wood branches, plant stems and oxygen, ZL201210210215367.6 method and equipment for preparing fuel gas by lignite, ZL201210082055.2 equipment for preparing fuel gas for gas turbine-water steam turbine combined cycle power generation, ZL201210215366.1 method and equipment for preparing fuel gas by straws, 201510174285.5 destructive distillation method for preparing particle nitrogen-free hot gas by crushed tobacco coal straws, equipment of the inventions and actual operation practice. The invention relates to an energy-saving and emission-reducing method of a semi-coke gasification gas boiler, which is characterized in that nitrogen-free gas and oxygen are used for generating heat in a burner, so that the amount of flue gas in the boiler is reduced by nearly 79 percent compared with the amount of heat formed by using nitrogen containing 79 percent in air, the components of waste hot gas with the temperature of not less than 750-950 ℃ are carbon dioxide and high-temperature water vapor basically, and the waste hot gas (CO) is discharged at the temperature of keeping 300-600 ℃ away from the gas boiler2) 40-60%, the components in the gas are carbon dioxide and high-temperature water vapor, the carbon dioxide and the high-temperature water vapor are introduced into the semi-coke gasification furnace, the carbon dioxide and the high-temperature water vapor are mixed in the furnace and gasified with the semi-coke to form discharged part of hot gas, the discharged part of hot gas enters the semi-coke gasification furnace, the carbon dioxide in the gas reduces carbon monoxide in the high-temperature hot carbon layer in the furnace, the high-temperature water vapor neutralizes and reduces to release hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the carbon dioxide emission is reduced, the carbon monoxide is reduced, the usage amount of coal and oxygen is saved by 20% -30%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a boiler B; FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a single boiler C; FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a D single boiler.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an energy-saving and emission-reducing method for a semi-coke gasification gas boiler, wherein semi-coke is used in a gasification furnace, the semi-coke is a product patented by the inventor of the invention and replaces lump coal and coke to be used as granular semi-coke for gasification, the semi-coke is non-tar produced by equipment and a method for dry distillation of crushed bituminous coal and straw nitrogen-free hot gas and cooling of the semi-coke, the semi-coke particles without sulfur and high hardness are used in a fixed bed gasification furnace, and the purpose is to use oxygen and water vapor as gasification agents, the gasification temperature reaches 1100-1600 ℃ at an oxidation layer, so that carbon dioxide in nitrogen-free hot waste gas introduced by a gas boiler is reduced into carbon monoxide, the high-temperature water vapor in the waste gas is neutralized with the high-temperature hot carbon, and hydrogen and carbon monoxide are decomposed, and 30-60% of nitrogen-free waste gas discharged by the gas boiler is reduced into a part of fuel gas at 300-600 ℃, thereby achieving the purposes of saving fuel, reducing carbon dioxide emission and also providing a raw material for producing carbon dioxide.
Because the semi-coke has no tar, low sulfur and high hardness, after the semi-coke is put into a gasification furnace, the oxygen and the water vapor as gasifying agents and the nitrogen-free waste hot gas introduced by a gas boiler are all stabilized at the optimal temperature of 300-600 ℃, the temperature of an oxidation layer in the furnace reaches about 1100-1600 ℃, the temperature of a reduction layer is 750-950 ℃, the temperature of a destructive distillation layer is 500-800 ℃, the temperature of a preheating layer reaches 300-500 ℃ of a gas outlet, and the gas with the temperature of 300-500 ℃ is directly sent into a burner or a burner of the gas boiler through heat preservation, spin-off and dust removal, so that various hot gases are circulated to form. Namely, 300-600 ℃ oxygen and water vapor of a gasifying agent are mixed with 300-600 ℃ nitrogen-free waste hot gas discharged from a gas boiler and introduced into a gasification furnace, and the gas produced by the gasification furnace is directly fed into a burner or a burner while the temperature of 300-500 ℃ is kept. Basically, the heat and hot air are circulated in a closed loop. The premise for completing the cycle is that: the temperature of various gases is not less than 300-900 ℃, the temperature of various flowing hot gases is not less than 300 ℃, the nitrogen-free waste hot gases can be reduced into the original fuel gas in the oxidation layer and the dry distillation layer in the furnace, and finally the purposes of saving 30-40% of semi coke and influencing the efficiency due to low temperature are achieved.
The oxygen and the water vapor used for the semi-coke gasification are used as starting gasifying agents, and the whole circulating system is formed to operate without nitrogen. The results of long-term coal oxygen gasification and pure oxygen continuous gasification operation equipment prove that: the nitrogen-free gasification can improve the thermal efficiency by 15 percent, but the energy consumption of pure oxygen and the energy loss of nitrogen are basically balanced, and the key is to utilize nitrogen-free waste hot gas (CO)2) Enters a gasification furnace to be neutralized, decomposed and reduced with high-temperature hot carbon energy.
The produced gas of the semi-coke gasification furnace is divided into a plurality of flow ways:
a, boiler A: when 40-60% of 300-500 ℃ coal gas of the semi-coke gasification furnace is directly fed into a burner type burner of a boiler A, waste heat gas (CO) produced by the boiler A and used for doing work is discharged from the boiler A and burnt at 300-600 DEG C2) All are sent into a semi-coke gasification furnace.
B, boiler: and (3) feeding the semi-coke gasification furnace with the gas output of 40-60% and the coal gas at the temperature of 300-500 ℃ into a burner or a burner of a boiler B. After combustion, 300-500 ℃ waste hot gas is discharged through the B boiler working, and the waste hot gas enters a waste heat boiler to be discharged, wherein the temperature of the waste gas is less than or equal to 100 ℃, and then the waste gas is cooled to remove water vapor, so that high-purity carbon dioxide can be obtained.
A. The boiler B is used for separating nitrogen-free coal gas produced by gasifying the semi-coke, only one kind of nitrogen-free waste hot gas of the boiler is selected to enter the semi-coke gasification furnace to achieve balanced digestion usage amount, and the waste gas can not be recycled and reduced excessively.
2C single boiler
And C, the coal gas of the semi-coke gasification furnace is divided into two paths by the single boiler, namely 40-60% of the first path is returned to the semi-coke gasification furnace, and 40-60% of the first path is cooled or cold-washed by the waste heat boiler to recover carbon dioxide, so that the process is strong in adaptability.
The 3D single boiler divides the discharged nitrogen-free hot gas at 300-600 ℃ into 40-60% respectively, one path enters the semi-coke gasification furnace, and the other path enters the reduction layer or the oxidation layer after being burned by oxygen and nitrogen-free coal gas and heated to 950 ℃ of 750-. So that the hot gas can be reduced, neutralized and decomposed into fuel gas.
The invention discloses a method for saving energy and reducing emission of various semi-coke gasifiers, namely gas boilers; the best matching number is found in actual operation, the most economical operation circulating temperature can achieve the best effect only by keeping the respective temperature. The semi coke is mixed with oxygen, water vapor and discharged waste hot gas to form a gasifying agent, and the gasifying agent is gasified in a furnace to produce nitrogen-free coal gas components: h230-50 percent of CO, 30-60 percent of CO and214-20% of CH43-13% of N2Less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the main components of waste hot gas generated by combustion of a gas boiler and oxygen are as follows: CO2240-60% of H20 (water vapor) is 30-40%, so that 40-60% of waste hot gas can be fed into blue charcoal furnace and can reduce original state gas in the high-temp. of oxygen and carbon violent oxidation reaction, and the nitrogen-free gas and oxygen can be combusted in the blue charcoal gasification furnace, and the oxygen can be used in the blue charcoal gasification furnace and can be further undergone the violent oxidation reaction with carbon to release lots of heat energy and produce high-temp. hot carbon, and the various gas flows can be circularly maintained at 300-600 deg.C, so that the heat energy can be always decomposed and reduced in closed circuit, and the reduction and decomposition can be matched with benign.
Gas used for a small-sized gas boiler with the temperature lower than 200 ℃; the semi-coke is mixed with air and water vapor for gasification, the semi-coke reaches low tar and low sulfur, and the fuel gas at the coal gas outlet with the temperature of 300-. Dedusting under the condition of heat preservation. The favorable conditions of the semi-coke gasification furnace are used for improving and stabilizing the coal gas outlet at 300-500 ℃, the coal gas at 300-500 ℃ is directly sent into a coal gas boiler, and the part of heat is dissolved in the coal gas boiler system, thus considerable heat can be recovered. Meanwhile, the waste gas discharged from the boiler is used for heating the air for exchange gasification, so that the air for the semi-coke gasification furnace and the air for the gas boiler are simultaneously heated to the temperature of not less than 100 ℃, and the temperature of the discharged waste gas is not less than 70 ℃. A large amount of heat energy can be utilized by recovering and exchanging a plurality of heat energies, which is equivalent to coal saving by 10-25%.
The invention relates to an energy-saving and emission-reducing method for a semi-coke gasification gas boiler, which is characterized in that a plurality of patent inventions of an inventor are that crushed coal, straws are rolled, mixed and extruded to form a cylinder body with the length of 30-200mm, and nitrogen-free hot gas is subjected to dry distillation to remove tar, sulfur, benzene, phenol and naphthalene to form clean granular coal called semi-coke, and the semi-coke is put into a medium-sized and large-sized semi-coke gasification furnace instead of lump coal, coke, charcoal and molded coal. According to the characteristics of low tar, low sulfur, high hardness and burning resistance of the semi-coke, the semi-coke gasification furnace uses oxygen and water vapor or partial waste hot gas after combustion to be mixed in the furnace to generate high temperature to react with the semi-coke to generate high-quality nitrogen-free coal gas, the coal gas formed by using the oxygen is nitrogen-free, and the calorific value reaches 2400kcal/m3High economic value and comprehensive utilization rate. The waste gas after combustion is returned to the semi-coke furnace for reduction and the gas yield is increasedTo the energy saving goal.
The method for energy conservation and emission reduction of the semi-coke gasification furnace gas boiler can realize stable control of 850 ℃ and 950 ℃ temperature by combustion of nitrogen-free gas and oxygen, and has obvious advantages when being used in supercritical power generation and supercritical gas boilers. The combustion discharge temperature can be effectively and stably controlled, and the key temperature stability problem of the supercritical gas boiler is also determined. The temperature of the nitrogen-free waste heat gas discharged by the supercritical power generation and supercritical boiler is opened to 400-750 ℃ and is directly introduced into the semi-coke gasification furnace; the method comprises the following steps: 1, waste hot gas with the temperature of more than 400 ℃ enters the semi-coke gasification furnace in a full-effective way, and the heat exchanger cannot be compared. This is because the nitrogen-free hot gas above 400 ℃ is used for reducing carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the semi-coke furnace. 2, the nitrogen-free hot gas with the temperature of over 600 ℃ is very easy to reduce in a high-temperature semi-coke layer and can replace 20 to 30 percent of fire coal. 3 when the temperature of the semi-coke, the oxygen, the water vapor and the whole temperature in the furnace is further increased by 500-600 ℃, the conversion efficiency of the non-nitrogen fuel gas generated by the semi-coke is increased by 15%, and the total thermal efficiency of the semi-coke and the step 1 and the step 2 is up to 80% (the pure oxygen is continuously gasified by 70%), which is the advantage of the energy-saving method and the equipment of the semi-coke gasification boiler. The carbon dioxide product with the purity of more than 95 percent can be recovered by adopting a mature recovery and utilization technology, more than 2 tons of carbon dioxide products can be separated and recovered after one ton of carbon is gasified, and the cost of the coal can be offset after the carbon dioxide product is sold.
The semi-coke gasification of the invention comprises that the bituminous coal is put into the hot carbon to be gasified at the bottom or in the lower section of the double-section continuous gasification furnace, the hot carbon sinking from the upper part or the upper section is basically dry distilled and is basically the same as the semi-coke, therefore, the temperature of the coal gas generated at the bottom or the lower section can be adjusted to 300-500 ℃ and can enter the semi-coke system.
The gas of the invention is purified, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the burnt waste gas is high, wherein the carbon dioxide which can not be returned to the gasification furnace can be liquefied and injected into the oil field at low cost and comprehensively utilized, and the redundant pipeline is transported and injected into a plastic greenhouse for plants to absorb. The application of chemical fertilizer is reduced, no pesticide is sprayed, the real green plant is obtained, the yield can be increased by more than 25%, the advantage of discharging high-concentration carbon dioxide by semi-coke gasification-gas boiler is realized, and the emission of carbon is naturally reduced.

Claims (3)

1. The energy-saving and emission-reducing method of the semi-coke gasification gas boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that nitrogen-free coal gas and oxygen are used for combustion in a combustion engine to generate heat, so that the amount of flue gas in a coal gas boiler is reduced by 40-79% compared with the amount of nitrogen-free waste heat gas formed by using 79% of nitrogen contained in air, the temperature range is 750-950 ℃, the components of the nitrogen-free waste heat gas mainly comprise carbon and oxygen to be combusted to generate carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen to be combusted to generate high-temperature water vapor, the carbon dioxide is discharged as the nitrogen-free waste heat gas after leaving the coal gas boiler and keeping the temperature at 300-600 ℃, a gasifying agent mixed by 20-60% of the carbon and oxygen is fed into a slag layer, a gasifying layer and a reducing layer of a semi-coke gasification furnace, carbon dioxide in the nitrogen-free waste heat gas discharged after combustion in the coal gas boiler is fed into the semi-coke gasification furnace, the carbon dioxide is reduced by a high-temperature hot carbon layer in the furnace, the high-temperature, Purifying to obtain carbon dioxide product with higher purity;
the semi-coke is semi-coke particles which are prepared by dry distillation of the crushed bituminous coal nitrogen-free coal gas and have no tar, low sulfur and high hardness, the gasification temperature reaches 1100-1400 ℃ at an oxidation layer, so that carbon dioxide in the nitrogen-free waste hot gas introduced by a gas boiler is reduced into carbon monoxide, high-temperature water vapor in the nitrogen-free waste hot gas is neutralized with high-temperature hot carbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are decomposed, 20-60% of the carbon dioxide in the nitrogen-free waste hot gas discharged by the gas boiler is reduced into a part of fuel gas at 300-600 ℃, and external steam is replaced or no longer used;
the semi-coke gasification uses oxygen and a small amount of water vapor as a starting gasification agent to form a whole circulating system to operate without nitrogen, and carbon dioxide in the nitrogen-free waste hot gas enters a gasification furnace to be neutralized, decomposed and reduced by high-temperature hot carbon energy;
the burning of the nitrogen-free coal gas and the oxygen controls the temperature of 850-950 ℃, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the nitrogen-free waste heat gas discharged from the coal gas boiler is heated to 400-750 ℃, and the carbon dioxide is directly returned to the semi-coke gasification furnace, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) the nitrogen-free waste hot gas with the temperature of above 400 ℃ completely enters the semi-coke gasification furnace, and the carbon dioxide in the nitrogen-free waste hot gas with the temperature of above 400 ℃ improves the efficiency of reducing carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the semi-coke gasification furnace; (2) carbon dioxide and water vapor in the nitrogen-free waste hot gas at the temperature of over 600 ℃ are reduced in a reduction layer at the oxidation high temperature to replace 15-30% of fire coal; (3) raising the temperature of oxygen, water vapor and hearth into 500-900 deg.c to produce nitrogen-free gas, and synthesizing with the step (1) and step (2) to reach total heat efficiency of 80%;
after the semi coke is put into a gasification furnace, mixing oxygen and carbon dioxide in nitrogen-free waste hot gas to form a gasification agent, wherein the temperature is stabilized at 200-600 ℃, the temperature of an oxidation layer in the furnace reaches 1100-1400 ℃, the temperature of a reduction layer reaches 750-1100 ℃, the temperature of a carbonization layer reaches 500-800 ℃, the temperature from a preheating layer to a coal gas outlet is 300-700 ℃, and the coal gas at the temperature of 300-700 ℃ is directly sent into a burner through heat preservation, spin-off and efficient dust removal;
nitrogen-free coal gas components: 30-50% of H2, 30-60% of CO, 14-20% of CO2, 3-13% of CH4 and less than or equal to 0.5% of N2.
2. The semi-coke gasification gas boiler energy saving and emission reduction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the semi-coke is a bituminous coal or a product obtained by dry distillation of coke, anthracite and charcoal, and clean gas obtained by purifying coal gas is produced in a gasification furnace; the nitrogen-free waste hot gas after oxygen combustion in the gas boiler mainly comprises the following components: carbon dioxide and steam, wherein the redundant part of the carbon dioxide which cannot be returned to the gasification furnace is liquefied into fine products for recycling and comprehensive utilization.
3. The semi-coke gasification gas boiler energy saving and emission reduction method according to claim 1, characterized in that; when the nitrogen-free coal gas is produced, the purity of oxygen is more than or equal to 99 percent or oxygen is enriched.
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