CN107982576A - 一种骨水泥及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种骨水泥及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107982576A
CN107982576A CN201711222422.3A CN201711222422A CN107982576A CN 107982576 A CN107982576 A CN 107982576A CN 201711222422 A CN201711222422 A CN 201711222422A CN 107982576 A CN107982576 A CN 107982576A
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李朝阳
崔永顺
夏文飞
吕维加
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Shandong Mingde Biomedical Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种骨水泥及制备方法。骨水泥主要由粉体和液体组成,其中粉体含有银镁锶磷灰石、过氧化苯甲酰、聚丙烯酸酯、硫酸钡。将粉体和液体按照粉液质量比1~2.5:1混合,制得所述骨水泥。在磷灰石的制备过程中以锶、镁、银元素全部替换钙元素,形成以锶元素为基,镁、银元素掺杂的银镁锶磷灰石,解决了以钙元素为基,较大离子半径的元素较难掺杂的问题,锶、银元素离子半径大,镁元素离子半径小,以锶元素为基,银、镁元素易提升掺杂含量,制备高掺杂量的磷灰石。本发明制得的骨水泥具有抗菌、可注射性好等特点,同时还具有良好的生物相容性和骨诱导性,可以用于多种骨折的固定和骨缺损的填充修复。

Description

一种骨水泥及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种骨水泥及制备方法,属于骨科材料领域。
背景技术
聚丙烯酸酯骨水泥是目前临床上应用最多的一种骨水泥,它由粉体和液体两部分组成。粉体主要成分为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,液体主要成分是甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体。骨水泥可注射成型和制成任意形状,力学强度高,但同时骨水泥还存在一些局限性,如单体具有一定的毒性,显影剂不可吸收、生物相容性欠佳,注入人体后不能吸收降解,同时其无成骨作用,与骨结合不牢固,易松动,并且聚合过程中的放热反应可能造成神经功能损伤等。
磷灰石是人体硬组织(骨和牙)的无机质的物质组成,其化学成分和晶体结构与脊椎动物骨的矿物成分非常接近,与人体组织有良好的生物相容性,且无毒性,并能与骨组织形成很好的骨性结合。
锶(Sr)是人体中存在的一种微量元素,不仅可以增加成骨细胞相关基因的表达和间充质干细胞碱性磷酸酶活性,而且可以阻碍破骨细胞的分化,有利于细胞增殖,达到更好的成骨效果。银(Ag)作为一种最常见抗菌剂已经得到广泛研究,其对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有良好的抗性。镁(Mg)是人骨和牙的一种重要的微量元素,可增加成骨细胞的数量和抑制破骨细胞的生长,在新骨形成早期含量接近6%,而骨成熟后基本消失,镁元素缺乏影响骨的代谢、结束骨生长并导致骨质疏松,骨皮质减少,骨强度降低,且镁元素可以起到一定的镇痛作用,缓解病人的心理压力,放松心情。
掺杂磷灰石是在羟基磷灰石中掺杂微量元素形成的置换式磷灰石固溶体,根据文献报道,掺锶磷灰石能够提高其生物降解性和生物相容性,甚至能在一定程度上提高其骨诱导活性,掺银磷灰石能够增加其抑菌性,掺镁磷灰石能够增加其生物活性等。虽然对掺杂磷灰石的制备研究有很多,但对多元微量元素掺杂研究的较少,特别是三元素全取代磷灰石的研究还未有报道。本发明采用水热法,通过pH值控制产物沉淀,并控制反应的温度、压力、时间制备银镁锶磷灰石,并将其与聚丙烯酸酯、硫酸钡等复合制备骨水泥,对本发明相关内容的研究未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的骨水泥及制备方法,在磷灰石中以锶、镁、银元素全部替换钙元素,形成以锶元素为基,镁、银元素掺杂的银镁锶磷灰石,该磷灰石赋予磷灰石骨诱导性及抗菌性,并可起到镇痛的效果,缓解病人的心理压力,将该磷灰石与聚丙烯酸酯复合,制得的骨水泥具有抗菌性、可注射、强度适宜的特点,同时还具有良好的生物相容性和骨诱导性。
骨水泥组成及质量百分含量为:
粉体:
聚丙烯酸酯40%~70%;
硫酸钡5%~20%;
银镁锶磷灰石10~50%;
过氧化苯甲酰1%~5%;
液体:
N,N二甲基对甲苯胺0.5%~5%;
对苯二酚0.05%~2%;
甲基丙烯酸甲酯93~99.45%。
聚丙烯酸酯可以是均聚物、共聚物或多聚物,优选聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
银镁锶磷灰石是银、镁、锶三元素全取代的掺杂磷灰石,以锶元素为基,镁、银元素共掺杂,Ag/(Ag+Mg+Sr)摩尔比为1~10:100,Mg/(Ag+Mg+Sr)摩尔比为1~30:100,Sr/(Ag+Mg+Sr)摩尔比为60~98:100,(Ag+Mg+Sr)/P摩尔比为100:60。
骨水泥的制备方法为:
(1)配置相同浓度的硝酸锶、硝酸镁、硝酸银溶液及磷酸氢二铵溶液,溶液的浓度为0.05~0.2mol/L;
(2)将四种溶液同时泵入到反应容器中,泵入速度分别为硝酸锶溶液60~98mL/min,硝酸镁溶液1~30mL/min,硝酸银溶液1~10mL/min,磷酸氢二铵溶液60mL/min,四种溶液同时结束泵入,泵入时间为10~30min,得到白色乳液,继续混合均匀;
(3)加入氨水,有白色沉淀逐渐析出,调整pH值为10~12,继续混合均匀;
(4)将白色沉淀从液体中分离,将白色沉淀转移到含微米孔的隔离盒中,控制隔离盒在液体上层,液体正好浸没沉淀,在温度为150~250℃,压力为0.4~2MPa的条件下反应4~24h,清洗、干燥,最后500~1000℃,烧结3~12h,冷却、研磨得到5~200μm的银镁锶磷灰石。
(5)将银镁锶磷灰石与聚丙烯酸酯、过氧化苯甲酰混合均匀,得到骨水泥粉体,将N,N二甲基对甲苯胺、对苯二酚、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等混合均匀,得到骨水泥液体;
(6)按照粉液质量比1~2.5:1将粉体和液体混合均匀,注射到所需部位完成修复。
上述步骤(2)、(3)中所述的继续混合均匀,优选混合时间为5~60min。
本发明的优点在于:在磷灰石的制备过程中以锶、镁、银元素全部替换钙元素,形成以锶元素为基,镁、银元素掺杂的银镁锶磷灰石,解决了以钙元素为基,较大离子半径的元素较难掺杂的问题,锶、银元素离子半径大,镁元素离子半径小,以锶元素为基,银、镁元素易提升掺杂含量,制备高掺杂量的磷灰石。银镁锶磷灰石与聚丙烯酸酯复合制备骨水泥,银镁锶磷灰石的加入,由于锶具有部分显影效果,降低了硫酸钡显影剂的使用,改善骨水泥的生物相容性和生物活性,银镁锶磷灰石同时释放多种人体所需微量元素,银缓释降解赋予骨水泥良好的抗菌效果,对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均具有明显的抑菌作用;锶的缓释降解提高了骨水泥的生物相容性、骨诱导活性,镁的缓释降解改善骨质密度及抗脆性,降低骨质流失及骨折发生率,并起到镇痛的作用,缓解病人的心理压力。可用于多种骨折的固定、骨缺损的填充。
附图说明
图1:骨水泥的抗压强度图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的内容作进一步的详细说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
骨水泥及制备方法如下:质量百分比
(1)配置0.05~0.2mol/L的硝酸锶、硝酸镁、硝酸银溶液及磷酸氢二铵溶液,
(2)将四种溶液同时泵入到反应容器中,泵入速度分别为硝酸锶溶液60~98mL/min,硝酸镁溶液1~30mL/min,硝酸银溶液1~10mL/min,磷酸氢二铵溶液60mL/min,四种溶液同时结束泵入,泵入时间为10~30min,得到白色乳液,继续混合均匀,混合时间为5~60min;
(3)加入氨水,有白色沉淀逐渐析出,调整pH值为10~12,继续混合均匀,混合时间为5~60min;
(4)将白色沉淀从液体中分离,将白色沉淀转移到含微米孔的隔离盒中,控制隔离盒在液体上层,液体正好浸没沉淀,在温度为150~250℃,压力为0.4~2MPa的条件下反应4~24h,清洗、干燥,最后500~1000℃,烧结3~12h,冷却、研磨得到5~200μm的银镁锶磷灰石。
(5)将10~50%的银镁锶磷灰石与40%~70%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂、1%~5%的过氧化苯甲酰、5%~20%的硫酸钡混合均匀,得到骨水泥粉体,将0.5%~5%的N,N二甲基对甲苯胺,0.05%~2%的对苯二酚,93~99.45%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,得到骨水泥液体;
(6)按照粉液质量比1~2.5:1,将骨水泥粉体加入到骨水泥液体中混合均匀,有4~10min的注射时间,注射到所需部位完成修复。
实施例1
骨水泥质量百分含量为粉体含有40%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂,5%硫酸钡,50%的银镁锶磷灰石,5%的过氧化苯甲酰;液体含有5%的N,N二甲基对甲苯胺,2%的对苯二酚,93%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
骨水泥及制备方法如下:
(1)配置0.2mol/L的硝酸锶、硝酸镁、硝酸银溶液及磷酸氢二铵溶液,
(2)将四种溶液同时泵入到反应容器中,泵入速度分别为硝酸锶溶液89mL/min,硝酸镁溶液10mL/min,硝酸银溶液1mL/min,磷酸氢二铵溶液60mL/min,四种溶液同时结束泵入,泵入时间为10min,得到白色乳液,继续混合均匀,混合时间为20min;
(3)加入氨水,有白色沉淀逐渐析出,调整pH值为12,继续混合均匀,混合时间为30min;
(4)将白色沉淀从液体中分离,将白色沉淀转移到含微米孔的隔离盒中,控制隔离盒在液体上层,液体正好浸没沉淀,在温度为200℃,压力为1.5MPa的条件下反应12h,清洗、干燥,最后1000℃,烧结4h,冷却、研磨得到5~200μm的银镁锶磷灰石。
(5)将50%的银镁锶磷灰石与40%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、5%的过氧化苯甲酰、5%的硫酸钡混合均匀,得到骨水泥粉体,将5%的N,N二甲基对甲苯胺,2%的对苯二酚,93%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,得到骨水泥液体;
(6)按照粉液质量比1:1将骨水泥粉体加入到骨水泥液体中混合均匀,有10min的注射时间,注射到所需部位完成修复。
将骨水泥注射到制样模具中,固化后得到直径为6.0mm长度为12mm的试样。在万能力学测试机上进行抗压强度测试,如附图1-A所示,制得的试样抗压强度为71MPa。
实施例2
粉体含有68%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂,20%硫酸钡,10%的银镁锶磷灰石,2%的过氧化苯甲酰;液体含有2%的N,N二甲基对甲苯胺,1%的对苯二酚,97%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
骨水泥制备方法如下:
(1)配置0.05mol/L的硝酸锶、硝酸镁、硝酸银溶液及磷酸氢二铵溶液,
(2)将四种溶液同时泵入到反应容器中,泵入速度分别为硝酸锶溶液98mL/min,硝酸镁溶液1mL/min,硝酸银溶液1mL/min,磷酸氢二铵溶液60mL/min,四种溶液同时结束泵入,泵入时间为15min,得到白色乳液,继续混合均匀,混合时间为5min;
(3)加入氨水,有白色沉淀逐渐析出,调整pH值为10,继续混合均匀,混合时间为60min;
(4)将白色沉淀从液体中分离,将白色沉淀转移到含微米孔的隔离盒中,控制隔离盒在液体上层,液体正好浸没沉淀,在温度为150℃,压力为1.35MPa的条件下反应8h,清洗、干燥,最后500℃,烧结12h,冷却、研磨得到5~200μm的银镁锶磷灰石。
(5)将10%的银镁锶磷灰石与70%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、2%的过氧化苯甲酰、18%的硫酸钡混合均匀,得到骨水泥粉体,将2%的N,N二甲基对甲苯胺,1%的对苯二酚,97%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,得到骨水泥液体;
(6)按照粉液质量比2.5:1将骨水泥粉体加入到骨水泥液体中混合均匀,有6min的注射时间,注射到所需部位完成修复。
将骨水泥注射到制样模具中,固化后得到直径为6.0mm长度为12mm的试样。在万能力学测试机上进行抗压强度测试,如附图1-B所示,制得的试样抗压强度为84.3MPa。
实施例3
粉体含有50%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂,13%硫酸钡,35%的银镁锶磷灰石,2%的过氧化苯甲酰;液体含有4%的N,N二甲基对甲苯胺,1%的对苯二酚,95%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
骨水泥制备方法如下:
(1)配置0.1mol/L的硝酸锶、硝酸镁、硝酸银溶液及磷酸氢二铵溶液,
(2)将四种溶液同时泵入到反应容器中,泵入速度分别为硝酸锶溶液60mL/min,硝酸镁溶液30mL/min,硝酸银溶液10mL/min,磷酸氢二铵溶液60mL/min,四种溶液同时结束泵入,泵入时间为30min得到白色乳液,继续混合均匀,混合时间为60min;
(3)加入氨水,有白色沉淀逐渐析出,调整pH值为11,继续混合均匀,混合时间为5min;
(4)将白色沉淀从液体中分离,将白色沉淀转移到含微米孔的隔离盒中,控制隔离盒在液体上层,液体正好浸没沉淀,在温度为250℃,压力为2MPa的条件下反应8h,清洗、干燥,最后800℃,烧结6h,冷却、研磨得到5~200μm的银镁锶磷灰石。
(5)将35%的银镁锶磷灰石与50%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、2%的过氧化苯甲酰、13%的硫酸钡混合均匀,得到骨水泥粉体,将4%的N,N二甲基对甲苯胺,1%的对苯二酚,95%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,得到骨水泥液体;
(6)按照粉液质量比2:1将骨水泥粉体加入到骨水泥液体中混合均匀,有7.5min的注射时间,注射到所需部位完成修复。
将骨水泥注射到制样模具中,固化后得到直径为6.0mm长度为12mm的试样。在万能力学测试机上进行抗压强度测试,如附图1-C所示,制得的试样抗压强度为72.6MPa。

Claims (4)

1.一种骨水泥,其特征在于,组成及质量百分含量为:
粉体:
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 40%~70%;
硫酸钡 5%~20%;
银镁锶磷灰石 10~50%;
过氧化苯甲酰 1%~5%;
液体:
N,N二甲基对甲苯胺 0.5%~5%;
对苯二酚 0.05%~2%;
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 93~99.45%。
2.如权利要求1所述的骨水泥,其特征在于,银镁锶磷灰石中,Ag/(Ag+Mg+Sr)摩尔比为1~10:100,Mg/(Ag+Mg+Sr)摩尔比为1~30:100,Sr/(Ag+Mg+Sr)摩尔比为60~98:100,(Ag+Mg+Sr)/P摩尔比为100:60。
3.如权利要求1所述的骨水泥的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)配置相同浓度的硝酸银、硝酸镁、硝酸锶溶液及磷酸氢二铵溶液,溶液的浓度为0.05~0.2mol/L;
(2)将四种溶液同时泵入到反应容器中,泵入速度分别为硝酸锶溶液60~98mL/min,硝酸镁溶液1~30mL/min,硝酸银溶液1~10mL/min,磷酸氢二铵溶液60mL/min,四种溶液同时结束泵入,泵入时间为10~30min,得到白色乳液,继续混合均匀;
(3)加入氨水,有白色沉淀逐渐析出,调整pH值为10~12,继续混合均匀;
(4)将白色沉淀从液体中分离,将白色沉淀转移到含微米孔的隔离盒中,控制隔离盒在液体上层,液体正好浸没沉淀,在温度为150~250℃,压力为0.4~2MPa的条件下反应4~24h,清洗、干燥,最后500~1000℃,烧结3~12h,冷却、研磨得到5~200μm的银镁锶磷灰石;
(5)将银镁锶磷灰石与聚丙烯酸酯、过氧化苯甲酰混合均匀,得到骨水泥粉体;将N,N二甲基对甲苯胺、对苯二酚、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等混合均匀,得到骨水泥液体;
(6)按照粉液质量比1~2.5:1将粉体和液体混合均匀,注射到所需部位完成修复。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)、(3)中所述的继续混合均匀,混合时间为5~60min。
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