CN107979291A - 双向dc-dc转换器及其转换方法 - Google Patents

双向dc-dc转换器及其转换方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107979291A
CN107979291A CN201711476080.8A CN201711476080A CN107979291A CN 107979291 A CN107979291 A CN 107979291A CN 201711476080 A CN201711476080 A CN 201711476080A CN 107979291 A CN107979291 A CN 107979291A
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transformer
converter
directional
microcontroller
bridge
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门政妆
程海军
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Hebei Zhengyi Electrical Technology Co Ltd
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Hebei Zhengyi Electrical Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

本发明提供了一种双向DC‑DC转换器及其转换方法，其中，双向DC‑DC转换器，包括：开关管以及变压器；四个开关管组成了所述变压器初级侧上的全桥；两个开关管被用于所述变压器次级上的同步整流；微控制器，用于对直流转换方法进行控制；其中，所述微控制器能够接受反馈信号并输出PWM信号。根据本发明，实现了双向变换的功能，节省了成本，给应用带来了更加广阔的空间。

Description

双向DC-DC转换器及其转换方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电源转换领域，具体而言涉及一种双向DC-DC转换器及其转换方法。
背景技术
此类产品主要应用在电动车辆的高压电源转换方面，如电池包高压转换低压给24V铅酸电池充电，或者为车载低压设备供电。
直流-直流转换器(DC-to-DC converter)也称为DC/DC转换器，是电能转换的电路，可以将直流电源转换为不同电压的直流电源。
DC/DC转换器可以分为硬开关(Hard Switching)和软开关(Soft Switching)两种。
硬开关DC/DC转换器的开关器件是在承受电压或流过电流的情况下，开通或关断电路的，因此在开通或关断过程中将会产生较大的开关损耗(Switching loss)。软开关DC/DC转换器的开关管，在开通或关断过程中，或是加于其上的电压为零，即零电压开关(Zero-Voltage-Switching，ZVS)，或是通过开关管的电流为零，即零电流开关(Zero-Current-Switching，ZCS)。这种软开关方式可以显著地减小开关损耗，使开关频率可以大幅度提高，为转换器的小型化和模块化创造了条件。
大部分DC/DC转换器设计时都是单向转换，功率只能从输入侧流到输出侧，而不具备反向转换的功能。
原有车载应用需要此项功能时，往往在传统DC/DC产品的基础上，通过增加辅助设备，或者直接使用两套DC/DC来解决现场问题。这无疑增加了使用者的安装成本，同时也是对资源的浪费。
发明内容
为此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种双向DC-DC转换器及其转换方法，以达到如下目的：实现电源双向变换的功能，节省成本。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种双向DC-DC转换器，包括：开关管以及变压器；四个开关管Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4组成了所述变压器T2初级侧上的全桥；两个开关管Q5和Q6被用于所述变压器T2次级上的同步整流；微控制器，用于对直流转换方法进行控制；其中，所述微控制器能够接受反馈信号并输出PWM信号。
优选地，所述的双向DC-DC转换器，其中，所述控制器位于所述变压器T2的次级侧上；所述变压器T2的初级电路和次级电路之间由隔离桥驱动模块相隔离；驱动所述全桥两个桥臂的所述PWM信号间的相移确定了传送给负载的能量数量；所述相移是受控参数。
优选地，和2所述的双向DC-DC转换器，其中，所述微控制器上设有：PWM模块；带有数模转换器(DAC)和斜率补偿硬件的模拟比较器；以及带有高效32位CPU的12位高速模数转换器(ADC)。
根据本发明的双向DC-DC转换器及其转换方法，实现了双向变换的功能，节省了成本，给应用带来了更加广阔的空间。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还能根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本发明构思的示例性实施例的双向DC-DC转换器的电路简化方框图。
具体实施方式
关于本发明创造的详细内容及技术说明，现以实施例来作进一步说明，但应了解的是，这些实施例仅为用于示例说明，而不应被解释为本发明创造实施的限制。
参照图1，如图显示了一个在HVPSFB(移相全桥)电路板上执行的PSFB电路简化方框图。
开关管Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4组成了变压器T2初级侧上的全桥，开关管Q5和Q6被用于次级上的同步整流。
此控制算法在一个C2000微控制器上(MCU)执行。通过反馈信号和PWM输出，此MCU与PSFB功率级进行交互操作。
此微控制器位于根据本发明构思的示例性实施例的电路的次级侧上。确定此微控制器相对于隔离边界的位置是设计一个隔离式DC/DC系统时的关键一步。对于具有多个输出或处理很多信号并且控制次级侧上的环路或者与应用中其它系统(在次级上)进行通信的系统，将此控制器放置在次级侧将更有利。
驱动全桥两个桥臂的PWM信号间的相移确定了传送给负载的能量数量。这个相移是受控参数。为了稳压并将输出电压保持在要求的电平上，MCU通过控制这个相移来实现DC/DC转换。在不同的运行模式中控制这样一个系统要求生成复杂的PWM驱动波形，以及快速且高效控制环路计算。借助于诸如PWM模块，带有数模转换器(DAC)和斜率补偿硬件的模拟比较器，以及带有一个高效32位CPU的12位高速模数转换器(ADC)等高级片载控制外设，可在微控制器上执行这一操作。
根据本发明的双向DC-DC转换器及其转换方法，实现了双向变换的功能，节省了成本，给应用带来了更加广阔的空间。
上述内容仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例而已，不能以此限定本发明创造的实施范围，即凡是依本发明创造权利要求及发明创造说明内容所做出的简单的等效变化与修饰，皆仍属于本发明创造涵盖的范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种双向DC-DC转换器，其特征在于包括：
开关管以及变压器；
四个开关管组成了所述变压器初级侧上的全桥；
两个开关管被用于所述变压器次级上的同步整流；
微控制器，用于对直流转换方法进行控制；
其中，所述微控制器能够接受反馈信号并输出PWM信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双向DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，
所述控制器位于所述变压器T2的次级侧上；
所述变压器的初级电路和次级电路之间由隔离桥驱动模块相隔离；
驱动所述全桥两个桥臂的所述PWM信号间的相移确定了传送给负载的能量数量；
所述相移是受控参数。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的双向DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，所述微控制器上设有：
PWM模块；
带有数模转换器(DAC)和斜率补偿硬件的模拟比较器；以及
带有高效32位CPU的12位高速模数转换器(ADC)。
CN201711476080.8A 2017-12-29 2017-12-29 双向dc-dc转换器及其转换方法 Pending CN107979291A (zh)

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CN102457047A (zh) * 2010-10-18 2012-05-16 台达电子工业股份有限公司 电源供应器以及具有多个电源供应器的供电系统
CN103872919A (zh) * 2014-02-28 2014-06-18 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 直流-直流变换器及直流-直流变换系统
CN104113213A (zh) * 2013-04-17 2014-10-22 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种用于电动汽车的dc-dc变换装置
CN104167925A (zh) * 2014-09-01 2014-11-26 南京理工大学 一种基于移向全桥和同步整流的双向直流变换器
CN106208709A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2016-12-07 Ls产电株式会社 电功率转换设备和操作电功率转换设备的方法
CN106452092A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-02-22 深圳市拓革科技有限公司 一种定频谐振式直流至直流转换器电路及其控制方法
JP2017070089A (ja) * 2015-09-30 2017-04-06 ニチコン株式会社 双方向絶縁型ｄｃ／ｄｃコンバータ
CN106787776A (zh) * 2015-11-23 2017-05-31 池州学院 一种混合控制的llc谐振变换器

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102457047A (zh) * 2010-10-18 2012-05-16 台达电子工业股份有限公司 电源供应器以及具有多个电源供应器的供电系统
CN104113213A (zh) * 2013-04-17 2014-10-22 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种用于电动汽车的dc-dc变换装置
CN103872919A (zh) * 2014-02-28 2014-06-18 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 直流-直流变换器及直流-直流变换系统
CN104167925A (zh) * 2014-09-01 2014-11-26 南京理工大学 一种基于移向全桥和同步整流的双向直流变换器
CN106208709A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2016-12-07 Ls产电株式会社 电功率转换设备和操作电功率转换设备的方法
JP2017070089A (ja) * 2015-09-30 2017-04-06 ニチコン株式会社 双方向絶縁型ｄｃ／ｄｃコンバータ
CN106787776A (zh) * 2015-11-23 2017-05-31 池州学院 一种混合控制的llc谐振变换器
CN106452092A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-02-22 深圳市拓革科技有限公司 一种定频谐振式直流至直流转换器电路及其控制方法

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