CN107976384B - One-wavelength laser induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers and method - Google Patents
One-wavelength laser induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107976384B CN107976384B CN201710984620.7A CN201710984620A CN107976384B CN 107976384 B CN107976384 B CN 107976384B CN 201710984620 A CN201710984620 A CN 201710984620A CN 107976384 B CN107976384 B CN 107976384B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means, e.g. by light scattering, diffraction, holography or imaging
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of one-wavelength laser induction incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers and methods, belong to the particle size measuring techniques of carbon soot particles, measuring device include flame generating unit, the laser that the carbon soot particles of flame are heated, for capture the capturing unit of incandescence signals in flame, display and record captured incandescence signals and time relationship oscillograph and processing unit with oscillograph communication connection；Processing unit includes memory and processor, memory is stored with computer program, the computer program is able to achieve following steps when being executed by processor: it is the signal characteristic time that the laser induced incandescence signal strength for defining carbon soot particles, which is reduced to the 1/e required time of its peak value, the partial size of carbon soot particles in flame is obtained based on the partial size computation model comprising soot partial size and signal characteristic time relationship, and more accurate particle size values are obtained with the method for calibration physical parameter, to conveniently and efficiently obtain the two-dimentional particle diameter distribution of soot.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the particle size measuring techniques of carbon soot particles, specifically, being related to a kind of one-wavelength laser induction incandescence
Nano-scale carbon soot calipers and method.
Background technique
In recent years, the harm of particle gets more and more people's extensive concerning in atmosphere, and soot to the harm size of human body with
Partial size has very big relationship, and soot partial size is smaller, and the ratio stagnated into human lung is bigger, and harm to the human body is also just also got over
Greatly, therefore the grain diameter measurement of research nanoscale soot is more of practical significance.And induced with laser incandescence technology have the high time and
Spatial resolution is a kind of very promising technology to soot test.
Current induced with laser incandescence technology is usually two-color laser inductive technology, and it is white to need to establish two-color laser induction
Vehement photosystem, temperature damping's formula based on laser heated particle accurately calculate soot partial size.However, double-colored under experimental conditions
Induced with laser white heat photosystem needs while detection and proper calibration, and because the cooling velocity of bulky grain is slower than little particle,
The measurement temperature of polydispersion particle is typically only capable to be considered as the virtual value of particle temperature, not can accurately reflect the temperature of each particle,
So two-color laser induces incandescence operating difficulties and accuracy rate is low.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of one-wavelength laser induction incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers and lists
Color induced with laser incandescence nano-scale carbon cigarette particle size measurement procedure.The measuring device and measurement method accuracy rate are high, easy to operate,
It is easy to spread.
To achieve the goals above, one-wavelength laser provided by the invention induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers
The laser that is heated including flame generating unit, to the carbon soot particles of flame, for capturing incandescence signals in flame
Capturing unit, display and record captured incandescence signals and time relationship oscillograph and communicated to connect with oscillograph
Processing unit；Capturing unit includes being placed on the photomultiplier tube of flame side and being placed on before photomultiplier tube for hindering
The only narrow-band pass filter that the optical signal in flame in addition to incandescence signals passes through；Processing unit includes memory and processing
Device, memory are stored with computer program, which is able to achieve following steps when being executed by processor:
The incandescence signals intensity of carbon soot particles in flame and the relationship of time are established, incandescence signals strength reduction is defined
To its peak value 1/e when the time required to be signal characteristic time τλ, it is based on including soot partial size and signal characteristic time τλRelationship
Partial size computation model obtains the partial size of carbon soot particles in flame.
In above-mentioned measuring device, by obtaining the signal characteristic time of carbon soot particles, and obtained by partial size computation model
The partial size of carbon soot particles in flame can effectively simplify measurement process, improve measurement efficiency compared with prior art.
Specific scheme is that nano-scale carbon Smoke Particle Size computation model is
Wherein, C is made of the screen effect parameter and carbon soot particles of aggregation and the thermodynamic parameter of ambient gas
Coefficient, TgThe temperature of carbon soot particles ambient gas, Th-maxIndicate the maximum temperature in carbon soot particles cooling procedure, λ is photoelectricity
The setting of multiplier tube detects wavelength, and h indicates that Planck's constant, c indicate that the light velocity, k indicate Boltzmann constant.
The expression formula of C is
Wherein, αTIndicate thermal conditioning coefficient, pgIndicate the pressure of carbon soot particles ambient gas, NpIndicate primitive in aggregation
The quantity of body particle, ρsIt is the density of soot, csIt is the specific heat of soot, R is universal gas constant, WgIt is gas around carbon soot particles
The average molar mass of body, γ are the specific heat ratio of ambient gas, khAnd DhIt is the zoom factor of carbon soot particles.
Preferably, measuring device further includes that carbon soot particles are carried out with the lens Electronic Speculum of TEM sampling, partial size computation model is
The binary crelation of soot partial size and characteristic time, the binary crelation are obtained by following steps:
For the carbon soot particles under same operating, several T are set in the range of 2800-3700K firsth-maxBe worth
Several signal characteristic times τ at different locationλ, sampled using transmission electron microscope TEM and observe and obtain the carbon of these positions
Soot diameter Dp, based on the set detection wavelength of experiment and flame temperature, calculate and select optimal Th-max, then in two-dimensional coordinate
Calibration is by τ in systemλAnd DpDetermining point, and be fitted and obtain soot partial size DpWith signal characteristic time τλBinary crelation formula, finally
According to the relational expression by the signal characteristic time τ of different measurement positionsλObtain D in flamepTwo dimensional Distribution result；For not
With the carbon soot particles under operating condition, different binary crelations is obtained according to above-mentioned steps and by signal characteristic time τ under each operating conditionλ?
To DpValue.
Preferably, laser is pulse laser, the wavelength of the laser emitted is 1064nm, is acted on soot
Laser energy density be no more than 0.1J/cm2。
For the influence for reducing flame background light, the response wave band of photomultiplier tube and the wavelength that penetrates of narrow band filter answer position
In visible-range.For the good followability for keeping signal measurement, the rise time of photomultiplier tube should be less than 1ns.
Preferably, being equipped between laser and flame for the diaphragm to positive flame kernel and for adjusting laser
Emit the attenuator of pulse energy；Laser is placed on a mobile platform, and the mobile platform is according to diaphragm to positive signal school
The position of positive laser is so that it is directed at flame kernel.
One-wavelength laser provided by the invention induction incandescence nano-scale carbon cigarette particle size measurement procedure includes:
Signal characteristic time step is obtained, carbon soot particles in flame are heated using pulse laser, is obtained in flame
The incandescence signals strength reduction of carbon soot particles to its peak value 1/e when the time required to, i.e. signal characteristic time；
Determine that coefficient step C, the expression formula of C are
Wherein, αTIndicate thermal conditioning coefficient, pgIndicate the pressure of carbon soot particles ambient gas, NpIndicate primitive in aggregation
The quantity of body particle, ρsIt is the density of soot, csIt is the specific heat of soot, R is universal gas constant, WgIt is gas around carbon soot particles
The average molar mass of body, γ are the specific heat ratio of ambient gas, khAnd DhIt is the zoom factor of carbon soot particles；
Calculating step, the signal characteristic time obtained based on nano-scale carbon soot diameter computation model, foundation and determination are
Number C calculates soot partial size, and the partial size computation model is
Wherein, C is made of the screen effect parameter and carbon soot particles of aggregation and the thermodynamic parameter of ambient gas
Coefficient, TgThe temperature of carbon soot particles ambient gas, Th-maxIndicate the maximum temperature in carbon soot particles cooling procedure, λ is photoelectricity
The setting of multiplier tube detects wavelength, and h indicates that Planck's constant, c indicate that the light velocity, k indicate Boltzmann constant.
It is provided by the invention another kind one-wavelength laser induction incandescence nano-scale carbon cigarette particle size measurement procedure include:
Modeling procedure establishes soot partial size DpWith signal characteristic time τλRelational model, define carbon soot particles in flame
Incandescence signals strength reduction to its original value 1/e when the time required to be signal characteristic time τλ；
Obtaining step measures and calculates the signal characteristic time τ of induced with laser incandescence signals in flameλ, and combine saturating
The soot particle size results that the sampling observation of radio mirror obtains, obtain soot partial size DpWith signal characteristic time τλBetween coefficient of relationship
C；
Step is deduced, the soot partial size D is based onpWith signal characteristic time τλBinary crelation coefficient C, not according to flame
With the signal characteristic time τ of the induced with laser incandescence signals at positionλ, obtain the two-dimensional distribution of soot partial size in flame,
Correspondence obtains soot partial size.
Preferably, carbon soot particles maximum temperature is set as 2800-3700K.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The present invention provides a kind of novel possible ways to measure soot partial size, avoids the expense in a large amount of digital simulations
When laborious and two-color laser the problems such as inducing poor operability in incandescent photosystem, be standard in the cooling procedure dominated in heat transfer
The two-dimentional particle diameter distribution of soot in flame is really measured, relative error is small.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the one-wavelength laser of the embodiment of the present invention induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers schematic diagram；
The step of Fig. 2 is when computer program is executed by processor in the memory of the embodiment of the present invention 1 figure；
Fig. 3 is D under different laser energy density of the embodiment of the present inventionp-λAnd Dp-TSize and its comformity relation figure；
The step of Fig. 4 is when computer program is executed by processor in the memory of the embodiment of the present invention 2 figure；
Fig. 5 is that the laser emitted energy density of the embodiment of the present invention is 0.09J/cm2When partial size Dp-λAnd Dp-TWith flame
Graph of relation between height HAB；
Fig. 6 is the T of the embodiment of the present inventiongBy the practical maximum temperature T of particle when=1600K, λ=500nmh-maxVariation lead
The partial size error curve of cause；
Fig. 7 is the result figure that the carbon soot particles of the embodiment of the present invention measure after 200,000 times of amplification factor through transmission electron microscope.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments and its attached drawing the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
In the prior art, two-color laser induction incandescence is carried out on typical Santoro flame tests following formula
Calculate partial size
Wherein, τTIndicate temperature damping's time, TgIndicate ambient gas temperature, the screen effect parameter of aggregation and
The thermodynamic parameter of grain and ambient gas forms coefficient C, i.e.,
Wherein, αTIndicate thermal conditioning coefficient, pgIndicate the pressure of carbon soot particles ambient gas, NpIndicate primitive in aggregation
The quantity of body particle, ρsIt is the density of soot, csIt is the specific heat of soot, R is universal gas constant, WgIt is gas around carbon soot particles
The average molar mass of body, γ are the specific heat ratio of ambient gas, khAnd DhIt is the zoom factor of carbon soot particles.
The incandescent photosystem needs of two-color laser induction while detection and proper calibration under experimental conditions, and because big
The cooling velocity of grain is slower than little particle, and the measurement temperature of polydispersion particle is typically only capable to be considered as the virtual value of particle temperature, cannot
The temperature of each particle is accurately reflected, so two-color laser induces incandescence operating difficulties and accuracy rate is low.
The present embodiment carries out nano-scale carbon cigarette grain diameter measurement using one-wavelength laser induction incandescence, referring to Fig. 1, measurement dress
It sets including flame generating unit 4, laser 1, capturing unit, oscillograph 8 and processing unit.
For flame generating unit 4 for generating flame, the laser signal of laser 1 is emitted to flame kernel to flame kernel
Carbon soot particles are heated, and in order to enable the laser signal of laser 1 to be accurately emitted to flame kernel, are filled in flame
It sets and diaphragm 3 is installed between 4 and laser 1, and on a mobile platform by the installation of laser 1, diaphragm 3 is used for in positive flame
The heart, mobile platform is according to the position to positive signal correcting laser of diaphragm so that it is directed at flame kernel.It is filled in flame
It sets and is additionally provided with attenuator 2 between 4 and laser 1, for adjusting the pulse energy of the transmitting of laser 1.Laser 1 passes through in flame
Ended after the heart by beam cut-off device 5.
Capturing unit includes being placed on the photomultiplier tube 7 of flame side and being placed on before photomultiplier tube 7 for hindering
Only the optical signal in flame in addition to incandescence signals pass through and using 405nm and 600nm as center wavelength narrow bandpass filter
Piece 6 (FWHM=10nm).Oscillograph 8 receives the incandescence signals that are captured by photomultiplier tube 7, show and record the signal and when
Between relationship.Meanwhile oscillograph 8 and processing unit communicate to connect.
Processing unit includes memory and processor, and memory is stored with computer program, and the computer program is processed
Device is able to achieve step shown in Fig. 2 when executing:
Signal characteristic time step S1 is obtained, carbon soot particles in flame are heated using pulse laser, obtains flame
The incandescence signals strength reduction of middle carbon soot particles to its peak value 1/e when the time required to, as signal characteristic time τλ；
The expression formula for determining coefficient step C S2, C is above-mentioned formula (2)
Each physical parameter occurrence is substituted into C according to bibliography and is calculated, each parameter value is as shown in table 1,
Each physical parameter value in table 1:C
Above-mentioned each value is substituted into formula (2), C is calculated1=0.648.
Step S3 is calculated, incandescence nanometer particle size computation model is induced based on one-wavelength laser, according to the signal characteristic obtained
The coefficient C of time and determination calculates soot partial size, and nanometer particle size computation model is
Wherein, C is made of the screen effect parameter and carbon soot particles of aggregation and the thermodynamic parameter of ambient gas
Coefficient, TgThe temperature of carbon soot particles ambient gas, Th-maxIndicate the maximum temperature in carbon soot particles cooling procedure, λ is laser
The wavelength of the laser of device transmitting, h indicate that Planck's constant, c indicate that the light velocity, k indicate Boltzmann constant.
It can be in leading cooling procedure with heat transfer from induced with laser incandescence by controlling laser heated particle
Signal determines partial size, uses typical C2H4/ air diffusion flame verifies this method.The laser transmitting of the present embodiment swashs
Optical energy density is 0.09J/cm2, energy size and situation of change are monitored by power meter.Due to needing to guarantee in measurement process
The cooling procedure of soot is leading with heat transfer, therefore heats the maximum temperature T of carbon soot particlesh-maxIt must not exceed the distillation of soot
Point 3700K, value of the present embodiment according to laser energy density, soot maximum temperature Th-maxRange is 2800-3700K, this shape
The distillation effect of particle can be ignored under state.
Nano-scale carbon soot diameter, which is calculated separately, using formula (2) and formula (3) obtains Dp-λAnd Dp-T, formula (2) and formula
(3) C in takes 0.648 according to the calculating of each physical parameter.By the partial size of traditional two-color laser induction incandescence systematic survey
Dp-TWith the partial size D of this one-wavelength laser induction incandescence systematic surveyp-λProgress comparison of coherence, obtained relational graph, wherein
Dp-405nmAnd Dp-600nmRespectively indicate D when filter center wavelength is 405nm and 600nmp-λValue.The result point shown by Fig. 3
Analysis discovery, Dp-TAnd Dp-λThere are good consistency, D when wavelength is 405nm and 600nmp-λWith Dp-TGlobal error be respectively
3.6% and 5.4%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is equally real based on the one-wavelength laser induction incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers in embodiment 1
Existing, something in common repeats no more, and the measuring device of the present embodiment further includes that carbon soot particles are carried out with the lens Electronic Speculum of TEM sampling,
Observation soot partial size D is sampled by transmission electron microscope TEMp, obtained Electronic Speculum result is as shown in Figure 7.In the memory of the present embodiment
Step shown in Fig. 4 is able to achieve when computer program is executed by processor:
Signal characteristic time step S1 is obtained, obtains the incandescence signals strength reduction of carbon soot particles to its peak value 1/e's
Required time, as signal characteristic time τλ, measure the characteristic time τ of induced with laser incandescence signals in flameλ；
Modeling procedure S2 establishes soot partial size DpWith signal characteristic time τλRelational model；
Obtaining step S3 obtains soot partial size D in conjunction with the soot particle size results that transmission electron microscope sampling observation obtainspWith spy
Levy time τλBetween coefficient of relationship C；
Step S4 is deduced, soot partial size D is based onpWith signal characteristic time τλBinary crelation coefficient C, pass through measurement flame
Induced with laser incandescence signals at different location, obtain the two-dimensional distribution of soot partial size in flame, and correspondence obtains soot grain
Diameter.
The maximum temperature T of the carbon soot particles of the present embodimenth-maxIt is set as 2800-3700K.In order to verify within the scope of this
Th-maxTo Dp-λMeasurement influence it is little, it is assumed that in constant maximum temperature Th-maxIt attempts to use τ under the conditions of=3600KλMeasure grain
Diameter.Fig. 5 is indicated in minimum energy density 0.09J/cm2Under the conditions of, partial size DpWith the variation of flame height HAB on center line
Curve.The results show that the partial size measured in the Detection wavelength of 405nm and 600nm still has good consistency, compare Dp-λ
And Dp-TRelative average error under 405nm and 600n wavelength is 5.6% and 5.5% respectively.It can be said that bright Th-maxIt is right
Dp-λMeasurement influence very little.A suitable T can be assumed in given temperature range 2800-3700Kh-maxValue, without with
Two-color laser induces incandescence systematic survey Th-max。
The further T that analysis is chosenh-maxIt is worth the influence to partial size error.Fig. 6 is shown in Tg=1600K, λ=500nm
When by the practical maximum temperature T of particleh-maxVariation caused by partial size error curve, different curves represent the different hypothesis highest temperatures
Degree, abscissa represent practical maximum temperature Th-max, ordinate represents in actual temperature and the D that acquires at a temperature of assumepBetween
Relative error.Found by Fig. 6 analysis, given temperature range under the conditions of 2800-3700K mean error in Th-maxWhen for 3600K
Reach minimum, therefore in the present embodiment TgT is selected under conditions of=1600K, λ=500nmh-maxFor 3600K, but 3600K is simultaneously
It is not always most suitable temperature value for partial size, for example, working as TgWhen=1800K, λ=700nm, in Th-maxUnder=3600K
Error reaches maximum 13.5%, and in Th-maxIt is 7.4% when=3050K.That is Th-maxBest assumed value depend on actual reality
Condition is tested, measurement error can be reduced by adjusting to Detection wavelength appropriate and best hypothesis maximum temperature.
The solution procedure traditional to C is that the value of each physical parameter in C is set according to condition, but due to different burning conditions
The value deviation of lower parameter is larger, and DpIt is in a linear relationship with C, therefore error is very big on the solution of partial size influence.The present embodiment
Immediately arrive at soot partial size DpWith signal characteristic time τλBinary crelation, according to the binary crelation and obtain soot to be measured
The signal characteristic time of grain, correspondence show that the two-dimensional distribution of soot partial size intuitively and conveniently substantially increases measurement efficiency.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of one-wavelength laser induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers, it is characterised in that: occur including flame single
Member, the laser that the carbon soot particles of flame are heated, for capturing the capturing unit of incandescence signals in flame, display simultaneously
Record the oscillograph of captured incandescence signals and time relationship and the processing unit with oscillograph communication connection；
The capturing unit includes being placed on the photomultiplier tube of flame side and using before being placed on the photomultiplier tube
In the narrow-band pass filter for preventing the optical signal in flame in addition to incandescence signals from passing through；
The processing unit includes memory and processor, and memory stores computer program, and the computer program is by the place
Reason device is able to achieve following steps when executing:
The incandescence signals intensity of carbon soot particles in flame and the relationship of time are established, the incandescence signals for defining carbon soot particles are strong
It is signal characteristic time τ the time required to when degree is reduced to the 1/e of its peak valueλ, it is based on including soot partial size and signal characteristic time τλ
The partial size computation model of relationship obtains the partial size of carbon soot particles in flame；
The nano-scale carbon Smoke Particle Size computation model is
Wherein, C is by what the screen effect parameter and carbon soot particles of aggregation and the thermodynamic parameter of ambient gas formed
Number, TgThe temperature of carbon soot particles ambient gas, Th-maxIndicate the maximum temperature in carbon soot particles cooling procedure, λ is photomultiplier transit
The setting of pipe detects wavelength, and h indicates that Planck's constant, c indicate that the light velocity, k indicate Boltzmann constant.
2. one-wavelength laser according to claim 1 induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers, which is characterized in that
The expression formula of the C is
Wherein, αTIndicate thermal conditioning coefficient, pgIndicate the pressure of carbon soot particles ambient gas, NpIndicate primitive body in aggregation
The quantity of grain, ρsIt is the density of soot, csIt is the specific heat of soot, R is universal gas constant, WgIt is carbon soot particles ambient gas
Average molar mass, γ are the specific heat ratio of ambient gas, khAnd DhIt is the zoom factor of carbon soot particles.
3. one-wavelength laser according to claim 1 induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers, which is characterized in that
It further include the lens Electronic Speculum that carbon soot particles are carried out with TEM sampling, the partial size computation model is soot partial size and characteristic time
Binary crelation figure, which is obtained by following steps:
For the carbon soot particles under same operating, several T are set in the range of 2800-3700K firsth-maxValue obtain not
With several signal characteristic times τ at positionλ, sampled using transmission electron microscope TEM and observe and obtain the soot grain of these positions
Diameter Dp, based on the set detection wavelength of experiment and flame temperature, calculate and select optimal Th-max, then in two-dimensional coordinate system
Calibration is by τλAnd DpDetermining point, and be fitted and obtain soot partial size DpWith signal characteristic time τλBinary crelation formula, last basis
The binary crelation formula by different measurement positions signal characteristic time τλObtain D in flamepTwo dimensional Distribution result；
For the carbon soot particles under different operating conditions, different binary crelations is obtained according to above-mentioned steps and by signal spy under each operating condition
Levy time τλObtain DpValue.
4. one-wavelength laser according to claim 1 induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers, it is characterised in that:
The laser is pulse laser, and in high-temp combustion measurement environment, used energy density is no more than 0.1J/
cm2。
5. one-wavelength laser according to claim 1 induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers, it is characterised in that:
The wavelength that penetrates of the response wave band of the photomultiplier tube and the narrow-band pass filter is located at visible-range；Institute
The rise time for stating photomultiplier tube is less than 1ns.
6. one-wavelength laser according to claim 1 induces incandescence nano-scale carbon soot calipers, it is characterised in that:
It is equipped between the laser and flame for the diaphragm to positive flame kernel and for adjusting laser transmitting
The attenuator of pulse energy；
The laser is placed on a mobile platform, and the mobile platform is according to the position to positive signal correcting laser of diaphragm
So that it is directed at flame kernel.
7. a kind of one-wavelength laser induces incandescence nano-scale carbon cigarette particle size measurement procedure characterized by comprising
Signal characteristic time step is obtained, carbon soot particles in flame are heated using pulse laser, obtains soot in flame
The incandescence signals strength reduction of particle to its peak value 1/e when the time required to, i.e. signal characteristic time；
Determine that coefficient step C, the expression formula of C are
Wherein, αTIndicate thermal conditioning coefficient, pgIndicate the pressure of carbon soot particles ambient gas, NpIndicate primitive body in aggregation
The quantity of grain, ρsIt is the density of soot, csIt is the specific heat of soot, R is universal gas constant, WgIt is carbon soot particles ambient gas
Average molar mass, γ are the specific heat ratio of ambient gas, khAnd DhIt is the zoom factor of carbon soot particles；
Step is calculated, nano-scale carbon soot diameter computation model is based on, the coefficient C meter according to the signal characteristic time and determination that obtain
Soot partial size is calculated, the partial size computation model is
Wherein, C is by what the screen effect parameter and carbon soot particles of aggregation and the thermodynamic parameter of ambient gas formed
Number, τλFor signal characteristic time, TgThe temperature of carbon soot particles ambient gas, Th-maxIndicate the highest in carbon soot particles cooling procedure
Temperature, λ are the setting detection wavelength of photomultiplier tube, and h indicates that Planck's constant, c indicate that the light velocity, k indicate Boltzmann constant.
8. a kind of one-wavelength laser induces incandescence nano-scale carbon cigarette particle size measurement procedure characterized by comprising
Modeling procedure establishes soot partial size DpWith signal characteristic time τλRelational model, define flame in carbon soot particles white heat
It is signal characteristic time τ the time required to when light signal strength is reduced to the 1/e of its original valueλ；
Obtaining step measures and calculates the signal characteristic time τ of induced with laser incandescence signals in flameλ, and combine transmission electron microscope
The soot particle size results that sampling observation obtains, obtain soot partial size DpWith signal characteristic time τλBetween coefficient of relationship C；
Step is deduced, the soot partial size D is based onpWith signal characteristic time τλBinary crelation coefficient C, according to flame difference position
Set the signal characteristic time τ of the induced with laser incandescence signals at placeλ, obtain the two-dimensional distribution of soot partial size in flame, it is corresponding
Obtain soot partial size.
9. one-wavelength laser according to claim 8 induces incandescence nano-scale carbon cigarette particle size measurement procedure, it is characterised in that:
The maximum temperature of the carbon soot particles is set as 2800-3700K.
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| DE102019200775A1 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor device for the detection of particles or aerosol in a flowing fluid using the principle of laser-induced incandescence |
| CN110702568B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-08-25 | 浙江大学 | Laser-induced glow micron-sized carbon-containing particle mass concentration measuring device and method |
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