CN107976297A - Hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer - Google Patents
Hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer Download PDFInfo
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- CN107976297A CN107976297A CN201711159442.0A CN201711159442A CN107976297A CN 107976297 A CN107976297 A CN 107976297A CN 201711159442 A CN201711159442 A CN 201711159442A CN 107976297 A CN107976297 A CN 107976297A
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- acetone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hypersonic PLIF (Plane Laser Induced Fluorescence based on acetone tracer, planar laser-induced fluorescence) imaging diagnosis system, including laser source system, sheet beam orthopedic systems, PLIF image detection systems and acetone tracer feed system, using acetone as trace particle, seeding particles are carried out under the vacuum environment of conventional superb wind-tunnel, obtain its fluorescence signal in Hypersonic Flow Field, using PLIF e measurement technologies, the two dimensional image of Hypersonic Flow Field is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of imaging diagnosis system, is a kind of flow field that non-cpntact measurement is carried out to hypersonic Flow Field outside
Show diagnostic system, belong to flow field survey technical field.
Background technology
Hypersonic PLIF (Plane Laser InducedFluorescence, planar laser-induced fluorescence) imaging is examined
Disconnected e measurement technology is a kind of new non-invasive measurement, it can be achieved that the high accuracy visualization in concentration field and temperature field is surveyed
Amount.It has non-analytical mappings, not interference flowing field；Temporal resolution ns magnitudes, it is possible to provide flow field transient state information；Spatial resolution
Up to μm magnitude, the advantages that high-precision flow field spatial structural form and strong antijamming capability can be obtained.In recent years, surveyed in flow field
Amount field, increasingly attracts attention.The system can be used for obtaining Transonic Flow, supersonic flow field and Hypersonic Flow Field
Two dimensional image, for the speed domain, aircraft is related to offer technical support, has examined aerial vehicle simulation perfect and has designed a model, ensure that height
Super aircraft makes a successful trial flight.The hypersonic PLIF imagings that current only U.S. NASA can maturely carry out related flow field are examined
It is disconnected.
For flow field survey, hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnostic measurements technology needs to supplement trace particle in flow field
(agent).By taking U.S. NASA as an example, its tracer used in testing is nitric oxide (NO).It is gas under NO room temperature, it is toxic,
And conventional hypersonic wind tunnel downstream is the vacuum tank of sealing, therefore as used NO as tracer by with certain danger
It is dangerous.
Acetone (CH3COCH3) it is a kind of gas that is colourless, nontoxic, having special acrid odors.Soluble easily in water, alcohol and ether.Its
It is liquid at normal temperatures, volatile, boiling point is 56 DEG C, molecular weight 58.It is that high speed PLIF imagings are examined to be selected as tracer
The splendid selection of disconnected measurement.But document and calculating according to disclosed in conventional, carry out in the stable section before wind tunnel nozzle
The dispensing of trace particle can not meet that PLIF experimental conditions, concrete reason enter jet pipe after being that airflow through stable section, cross venturi
Drastically expand afterwards, static temperature drastically reduces, and heats the acetone steam volatilized and easily liquefies, and mainstream throughput is larger, and tracer is dense
Degree is unable to reach requirement.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome existing PLIF imagings diagnostic measurement technology to hinder using NO (g) as tracer caused by experimenter
Evil, the present invention devise a kind of hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer.The system not only overcomes
Acetone liquescent defect in Hypersonic Flow Field, while ensure that the security of measurement experiment.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides following technical solution：
Hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer, it is described based on the hypersonic of acetone tracer
PLIF imaging diagnosis systems include laser source system, sheet beam orthopedic systems, PLIF image detection systems and acetone tracer
Agent feed system.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the laser source system uses Nd:YAG laser, it swashs
Light repetition rate and single-pulse laser energy can be adjusted according to reference object.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the sheet beam orthopedic systems are the laser that laser is sent
By climbing, light path reaches guide rail, then chooses the uniform part of laser energy, a fixed width is shaped to by piece light shaping light path
The piece light of degree and thickness, finally enters piece light reflection in hypersonic wind tunnel experimental provision via bigbore speculum.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the PLIF image detection systems are by imaging lens and optical filter
Composition, according to the Fluorescence Characteristic of tracer, selects bandpass filter, in the range of tracer emission fluorescence spectrum, filters
Piece transmitance is more than 95%, and effectively cut-off scattering light.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the acetone tracer feed system is using acetone as tracer
Agent, acetone is put into hypersonic air-flow mainstream, to carry out the flow-field visualized experiments of PLIF.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the volume fraction of acetone according to laser energy intensity, is calculated.Tool
The computational methods of body are as follows：
The fluorescence intensity formula of acetone when formula (1) is linearly excites.Wherein, E is laser energy density, and λ is that laser swashs
Send out wavelength, ηoptFor detection system quantum efficiency, dVcFor the corresponding imaging volume of single pixel, N is the population density of acetone,
σ is that acetone molecules absorb cross-sectional area, ηΩFor the collection efficiency of detection system, φ is fluorescence efficiency.
Hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems of the present invention based on acetone tracer have the advantages that：
Transformed 1. the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer are related to hypersonic wind tunnel, will not
Stream field affects greatly；
2. there is the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer high spatial resolution, rapid time to ring
Should, high sensitivity, strong antijamming capability the advantages that；
3. the tracer used in the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer is acetone, height ensure that
Supersonic wind tunnel flow field gas it is innoxious；
4. the acetone tracer feed system in the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer can
Ensure that flow and the concentration of tracer are adjustable and while stablize, ensure that tracer can be uniformly injected into mainstream.
Brief description of the drawings
The experimental provision schematic diagram of hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems of the Fig. 1 based on acetone tracer；
Hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis system General layout Plan schematic diagrames of the Fig. 2 based on acetone tracer；
Fig. 3 laser sheet optical orthopedic systems schematic diagrames；
Fig. 4 acetone tracer feed system structure diagrams；
Fig. 5 tiltedly splits model pictorial diagram；
What the experiment of Fig. 6 Hypersonic Flow Fields obtained tiltedly splits PLIF images；
Circular barrier PLIF images (the circular a diameter of 10mm of barrier, the height that the experiment of Fig. 7 Hypersonic Flow Fields obtains
5mm)；
Fig. 8 hypersonic wind tunnel schematic diagrames；
Fig. 9 laser sheet optical orthopedic systems pictorial diagrams；
Figure 10 tiltedly splits model photo with laser sheet optical；
Figure 11 ICCD camera position photos；
Figure label：
1、Nd:YAG laser；2nd, laser sheet optical orthopedic systems；3rd, ICCD cameras；
4th, hypersonic wind tunnel；5th, light source；6th, diaphragm；
7th, cylinder negative lens；8th, cylinder positive lens 1 (collimation)；
9th, cylinder positive lens 2 (focusing)；10th, speculum；11st, air compressor；
12nd, ball valve；13rd, needle-valve；14th, tracer acetone；
15th, thermocouple；16th, pressure gauge；17th, flow control system；
18th, distribution box is heated；19th, model is tiltedly split；20th, Vacuum Spherical Tank；
21st, vacuum slide valve；22nd, wind tunnel reservoir structure room and test section；23rd, jet pipe；
24th, heater and thermal valve；25th, valve system；27th, high-pressure air source；
Specific embodiment
Elaborate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to embodiments of the present invention：
Hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer, it is characterised in that described to be based on acetone tracer
The hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems of agent include laser source system, sheet beam orthopedic systems, PLIF image detections system
System and acetone tracer feed system.
The laser source system uses Nd:YAG laser, its laser repetition rate and single-pulse laser energy can roots
According to reference object, it is adjusted.Nd:YAG laser, fundamental frequency light 1064nm, the Ultra-Violet Laser of generation 266nm after 4 frequencys multiplication,
Specific performance index is as follows：
1) repetition rate：10-100Hz；
2) single-pulse laser energy：5-12mJ@266nm；
3) pulse width：~7ns.
The sheet beam orthopedic systems are that the laser that laser is sent reaches guide rail by light path of climbing, and are then chosen
The uniform part of laser energy, the piece light of one fixed width and thickness is shaped to by piece light shaping light path, finally via heavy caliber
Speculum piece light reflection is entered in wind-tunnel experimental provision.This test piece light shaping system mainly by beam shaping light path,
Climb light path, optics guide rail, lifting platform and other optical path adjusting mechanisms composition.Specifically it is made of following optical element：Optics is led
Rail (the size length of side × length：95×2000mm)；Optics guide rail installing plate；Optics lifting rail platform；Lens mount sleeve；Head mirror
Frame connecting rod；ICCD Camera fixing seats and connecting rod (fixation is connected with wind tunnel device with M6 screws)；Climb light path system；(height
550mm)；Prism and speculum are some, for laser reflection etc.；Optical filter is some；Piece light shaping lens group (piece light size：It is high
Spend 50~100mm)；Heavy caliber high reflective mirror (bore>100mm, full bandwidth Metal film reflector mirror or at the same time reflection 266,355,
532nm speculums, distance is 220mm between detecting window and streak camera)；ICCD camera lens are to search coverage distance：~
1300mm, camera lens aperture 50mm detect collection efficiency：~0.01%.
The PLIF image detection systems are by imaging lens with filter set into according to the fluorescence spectrum of tracer spy
Property, bandpass filter is selected, in the range of tracer emission fluorescence spectrum, optical filter transmitance is more than 95%, and effectively ends
Scatter light.Due to hypersonic wind tunnel structure, detection range farther out (1.5m), therefore selects heavy caliber telephoto lens in experiment.
Acetone, as tracer, is put into hypersonic air-flow master by the acetone tracer feed system using acetone
In stream, to carry out the flow-field visualized experiments of PLIF.
As shown in Figs. 1-3, the laser of a branch of tunable wave length is (long by a focal length cylindrical lens or one group of cylindrical lens
Burnt cylindrical lens and the confocal placement of short focus cylindrical lens) focus on after, laser beam cross-section is narrowed, formed sheet laser beam.Adjust
Optical maser wavelength is saved, is allowed to form RESONANCE ABSORPTION with acetone indicator molecule, fluorescence is produced and Raman scattering, Rayleigh scattering and rice dissipates
The scattering light such as penetrate, other interference light are filtered with band pass filter, only reservation fluorescence signal, arrives fluorescence imaging through optical lens
ICCD, when obtaining, the two-dimensional image information that space division is distinguished.
This experiment is using acetone as tracer.Acetone is a kind of gas that is colourless, having special acrid odors.It is soluble in
Water, alcohol and ether.Acetone is liquid at normal temperatures, volatile, and boiling point is 56 DEG C, molecular weight 58.
Tracer feed system ensures to put into acetone in hypersonic air-flow mainstream, visual to carry out PLIF flow fields
Change experiment.This experiment mainly produces acetone steam by using acetone generator, in the feelings that guarantee acetone does not condense
Mould is conducted under condition, is then injected into from die surface fine crack with the speed far below flow field in wind-tunnel mainstream field, so
Afterwards by induced with laser tracer radiofluorescence, fluorescence signal is obtained finally by detection system, so as to fulfill stream field can
Measured depending on changing.Acetone tracer feed system structure is as shown in Figure 4.
As shown in figure 4, acetone steam is produced by using acetone generator, in the case where ensureing that acetone does not condense
Mould is conducted into, is then injected into from die surface fine crack with the speed far below flow field in wind-tunnel mainstream field, Ran Houtong
Induced with laser tracer radiofluorescence is crossed, fluorescence signal is obtained finally by detection system, so as to fulfill the visualization of stream field
Measurement.
The dispensing of trace particle is carried out in stable section before wind tunnel nozzle can not meet PLIF experimental conditions, and concrete reason is
Air-flow enters jet pipe after stable section, is drastically expanded after crossing venturi, static temperature drastically reduces, and it is easy to heat the acetone steam volatilized
Liquefaction, and mainstream throughput is larger, tracer concentration is unable to reach requirement, therefore tracer dispensing scheme is changed to enterprising in model
Row is launched.It is that the model structure for using for reference NASA langleys center makes to be located at the model in wind-tunnel in experiment, as shown in Figure 5.Mould
Type be one 20 degree tiltedly split, flow field structure of its upper surface of main detection when high-speed flow is blown over.Tracer acetone injects
It is by a 15mm long, the fine crack of 1.1mm wide to reaction zone.
Before experiment measures, the volume fraction of acetone according to laser energy intensity, is calculated.Specific computational methods are such as
Under：
The fluorescence intensity formula of acetone when formula (1) is linearly excites.Wherein, E is laser energy density, and λ is that laser swashs
Send out wavelength, ηoptFor detection system quantum efficiency, dVcFor the corresponding imaging volume of single pixel, N is the population density of acetone,
σ is that acetone molecules absorb cross-sectional area, ηΩFor the collection efficiency of detection system, φ is fluorescence efficiency.
Assuming that：E is 20mJ/cm2, excitation wavelength lambda 266nm, ηoptFor 0.18, dVcFor 5 × 10-6cm3, σ is 4.4 × 10-20cm2, c is 3 × 108M, h are Planck's constant 6.63 × 10-34Js, ηΩFor 10-4, φ 10-3；Result after calculating is Sf
=1.27 × 10-16×N。
In order to guarantee to obtain the preferable flow field PLIF images of quality, acetone number density N should be greater than 3 × 1017(/cm3),
I.e. under normal temperature and pressure, the volume fraction of acetone should be greater than 1%.Acetone spray orifice, such measurement zone are set generally on measuring piece
Acetone density is sufficiently large, and the consumption of acetone is also smaller.
This experiment is mainly to study acetone as the feasibility of the field visualized tracer of hypersonic speed flow and optimization correlation
Experiment parameter.Optical maser wavelength used is 266nm, repetition 100Hz, pulse energy 5mJ in experiment, and piece optical width is 100mm, thick
Spend for 0.6mm.The measurement experiment time is 10s, and once experiment can shoot 1000 width PLIF images.As shown in fig. 6, acetone pressure is
0.12MPa, in the case of mach one number, obtains PLIF images.Tied as shown in fig. 7, being tested in hypersonic wind tunnel flow field PLIF
Fruit, incoming stagnation pressure is about 5.73 × 105Pa in experiment, and Mach 2 ship 5, acetone generator inside and outside differential pressure is about 0.018MPa.It is real
The repetition for testing middle laser light source is 10Hz, laser energy 12mJ, and laser beam is shaped as wide 124mm, the piece light of thick 0.6mm,
The circular a diameter of 10mm of barrier, high 5mm.
A kind of hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis methods based on acetone tracer, based on high ultrasound as shown in Figure 8
Carry out, include the following steps in fast wind-tunnel：
1st, it tiltedly will split model to be fixed on hypersonic wind tunnel attack angle mechanism, make the holding of model upper surface horizontal, adjust mould
Type is upper and lower, front and back position, places it in laser sheet optical entrance window center；
2nd, heating tape is uniformly wrapped on the acetone input pipe being connected with model rear end, will heating belt electrode and defeated
Enter pipe and room is stayed by flange extraction hypersonic wind tunnel；
3rd, Nd is opened：YAG laser, adjustment sheet light shaping system, as shown in Fig. 3,9, the wavelength that first sends laser
The Ultra-Violet Laser of 266nm is produced after 4 frequencys multiplication for 1064nm fundamental frequency lights, Ultra-Violet Laser passes through is shaped to height as 50 by lens group
The piece light of~70mm sizes, finally reflects observation window of the piece light through wind-tunnel both sides into wind tunnel reservoir structure room via bigbore speculum
In, and be placed in piece light and tiltedly split model suitable position, as shown in Figure 10.The piece light shaping system greatly improves sheet beam shaping
The stability of light path and flexibility, and cause piece light to be compressed thinner (thickness~0.5mm)；
4th, the ICCD cameras with optical filter are placed in hypersonic wind tunnel portion in ceiling, as shown in figure 11, adjust camera
Position and imaging lens focal length, laser sheet optical region can clearly be shown by passing it through ultraviolet visualization window；
5th, wind tunnel reservoir structure room is closed, opens hypersonic wind tunnel bypass valve, makes to stay chamber pressure and vacuum sphere pressure equilibrium, opens
Vacuum slide valve, wind-tunnel downstream pressure is evacuated to and meets hypersonic requirement of experiment；
6th, according to the acetone volume fraction being calculated, a certain amount of pure acetone is added in acetone generator, opens and adds
Thermoelectric generator makes generator temperature reach 90 DEG C, can determine whether liquid acetone completely vaporizes by the pressure gauge of connection, adds at the same time
Hot distribution box will also control the heating tape temperature wound on acetone input pipe, to prevent acetone steam from liquefying in input pipe；
7th, the air compressor being connected with acetone generator is opened, air compressor's bottle pressure is reached 2MPa, opens needle-valve,
Air is poured for acetone generator to be diluted, and when pressure gauge reaches certain numerical value (acetone molar concentration is about 18%), is closed
Close needle-valve；
8th, according to hypersonic wind tunnel experimental procedure, hydraulic station, source of the gas main valve, shut-off valve, heater inflation are opened successively
Valve, makes pressure in heater reach requirement of experiment pressure；
9th, ball valve is opened, acetone input pipe is blown down, avoids remaining acetone and other particulates from doing experiment
Disturb, blowing finishes closing ball valve；
10th, flow control system is opened, acetone steam is uniformly sprayed from the fine crack of model front end, while open numeral
Time Delay Generator, makes laser sheet optical that laser light source is sent and detector receives frequency be consistent, passes through ICCD phases at this time
Machine can monitor acetone tracer fluorescence signal；
11st, air-flow quick valve and heater thermal valve, the synchronous high ultrasound of triggering are opened by hypersonic wind tunnel control system
Fast wind-tunnel PLIF image recording systems, flow field stagnation pressure test system, while Hypersonic Flow Field is established, are tiltedly split model
PLIF images；
12nd, closed gas flow quick valve and heater thermal valve, this off-test.
Particular use of the present invention is very much, and the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for this skill
For the those of ordinary skill in art field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvement can also be made, these change
Into also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems based on acetone tracer, it is characterised in that described to be based on acetone tracer
Hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems include laser source system, sheet beam orthopedic systems, PLIF image detection systems
With acetone tracer feed system.
2. the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems according to claim 1 based on acetone tracer, it is characterised in that：
The laser source system uses Nd:YAG laser, its laser repetition rate and single-pulse laser energy can be according to shootings pair
As being adjusted.
3. the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems according to claim 1 based on acetone tracer, it is characterised in that：
The sheet beam orthopedic systems are that the laser that laser is sent reaches guide rail by light path of climbing, and then choose laser energy
Uniform part, the piece light of one fixed width and thickness is shaped to by piece light shaping light path, finally via bigbore speculum
Piece light reflection is entered in wind-tunnel experimental provision.
4. the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems according to claim 1 based on acetone tracer, it is characterised in that：
The PLIF image detection systems are by imaging lens with filter set into according to the Fluorescence Characteristic of tracer, selection band
Pass filter, in the range of tracer emission fluorescence spectrum, optical filter transmitance is more than 95%, and effectively cut-off scattering light.
5. the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems according to claim 1 based on acetone tracer, it is characterised in that：
As tracer, acetone is put into hypersonic air-flow mainstream using acetone for the acetone tracer feed system,
To carry out the flow-field visualized experiments of PLIF.
6. the hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis systems according to claim 1 based on acetone tracer, it is characterised in that：
According to laser energy intensity, the volume fraction of acetone is calculated.Specific computational methods are as follows：
The fluorescence intensity formula of acetone when formula (1) is linearly excites.Wherein, E is laser energy density, and λ is laser excitation ripple
It is long, ηoptFor detection system quantum efficiency, dVcFor the corresponding imaging volume of single pixel, N is the population density of acetone, and σ is
Acetone molecules absorb cross-sectional area, ηΩFor the collection efficiency of detection system, φ is fluorescence efficiency.
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| CN112781828A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-11 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Visual flow field observation device and visual flow field observation method |
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| CN114113021A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Flow field density measuring device and method of double-tracer PLIF |
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| CN107976297B (en) | 2018-08-28 |
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