CN107969294A - A kind of promotion duckweed starch high yield and simple and environmentally-friendly method - Google Patents
A kind of promotion duckweed starch high yield and simple and environmentally-friendly method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of promotion duckweed starch high yield and simple and environmentally-friendly method.The present invention is using low-toxin farm chemicals maleic hydrazide under 100ppm activities, under conventional condition of culture, after the culture that the short time is carried out in 60%Datko nutrient solutions, can promote the high level accumulation of duckweed starch.The technology is without special culture facility, and processing step is simple, without constantly replacing culture medium.The residual life of pesticide maleic hydrazide used, is shorter, will not cause environment and secondary pollution.The inhibitory action significant effect that 100ppm maleic hydrazides used in the present invention grow duckweed, it promotes the photosynthetic capacity of duckweed to a certain extent, effectively increases the accumulation of photosynthate starch.The present invention provides a kind of simple and environmentally-friendly practical technique to carry out the industrialized development of starch biomass energy using duckweed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass energy technology field.It is related to a kind of method for promoting duckweed starch high yield, purple can be promoted
The high level accumulation of duckweed starch, is mainly used for improving the starch yield of manually culture duckweed, can be extended to duckweed starch biology
The development and application field in mass-energy source.
Background technology
Duckweed is higher aquatic plants, belongs to Lemnaceae (Lemnaceae), individual is small, simple in structure, mainly by asexual
Modes of reproduction is multiplied, and under suitable growth conditions, number of individuals is with regard to that can double in 2 days, and duckweed photosynthetic efficiency is high,
Synthetic starch ability it is strong (28 tons/hectare/year, far above 6 ton/hectare of corn/year) (Cheng and Stomp, 2009；http:// faostat3.fao.org, 2015), it is again relatively low to growing environment requirement, can be in the less serious lake of some pollution levels
Or survive in sewage or high nutrition industrial wastewater water body, and sewage can be made full use of to realize that scale, industrialization generation are formed sediment
Powder, is directly used in production bio-fuel ethanol, methane etc., or exploitation is a variety of biological products, while plays the work for repairing water body
With.
Researches show that the antecedent of chloroplaset or resting bud in Duckweed fronds all occurs for the synthesis and accumulation of duckweed starch
In body, the synthesis of starch is inseparable with its growth stage of development and changes in environmental conditions, some duckweeds are in Incubation Condition
Under, environmental condition such as supply, stress and HORMONE TREATMENT of temperature, illumination, the pH value of nutrient solution and nutrients etc. can all influence to float
Duckweed starch synthesis and accumulation (Cheng and Stomp, 2009；Cui etc. 2011；Xu etc. 2011；2015, Wang such as Yin etc.,
2016).Wherein low temperature, Nutrient Stress, gibberellin biological inhibitor treatment, can remarkably promote the accumulation of duckweed starch, main
If have impact on the asexual growth of duckweed by these adverse environments and suppression growth factor, photosynthate is set to be accumulated in the form of starch
It is tired that (Xiao etc., 2013, Liu et al., 2015, Huang etc. 2014).
Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), belongs to Lemnaceae duckweed category, is annual more draft of swimming.At me
State is most commonly seen.Seldom bloom.Bred in a manner of sprouting.Thallus is larger, the more typical duckweed of effective photosynthetic area (also known as green grass or young crops
Duckweed, Limor Minor) greatly, and be easy to culture, the speed of growth it is fast, lignin and content of cellulose are low, to the second of later stage starch
Alcohol fermentation has little to no effect, and is the raw material sources of fit closely biomass energy starch.But duckweed content of starch is normal
It is only 4% or so under condition of culture.
Although relevant report shows the confession by varying environmental condition and nutrients and gives Stress treatment, duckweed can be improved
The accumulating level of starch, but if promoting the use of production practices, it will increase equipment cost and incubation management take
With since it is desired that more stringent culture environment facility, to provide high temperature or low temperature or high illumination condition etc., and needs continuous
Prepare nutritional deficiency or specific culture medium.
The content of the invention
The present invention seeks to overcome deficiencies of the prior art, solve to carry out under conventional culture conditions environmentally protective
The simple production problem of bioenergy, there is provided a kind of promotion duckweed starch high yield and simple and environmentally-friendly practical approach.
Technical solution of the present invention
It is a kind of to promote duckweed starch high yield simple and environmentally-friendly method, the processing step of this method are as follows again：
Expand in 60%Dakto nutrient solutions it is numerous after duckweed be placed in big a plate or container, picking growth conditions
Consistent duckweed transfer added with concentration for 50ppm into the nutrient solution of 300ppm maleic hydrazides, culture the photoperiod be 12h illumination/
8h is dark, and intensity of illumination is about 100 μm of ol/m2S, temperature is 20-23 DEG C, after carrying out culture 10-14d, carries out thallus number
Purpose counts, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, fresh weight, the measure of dry weight and content of starch.
The condition of culture of the duckweed is：Photoperiod is 12h illumination/8h dark, and intensity of illumination is about 100 μm of ol/m2·
S, under the conditions of temperature is 22 DEG C, early period, culture was expanded numerous 1 week, and later stage maleic hydrazide is handled 12 days.
The duckweed nutrient solution for slightly modified 60%Datko nutrient solutions (Wang and Kandeler, 1994),
Specific formula is：
1 60%Datko nutrient solutions ingredient of table and each constituent concentration
Table1 Components of Datko medium and concentration of every
component
The culture medium needs to adjust pH to 5.8~6.0, stand-by after 121 DEG C of high-temperature sterilization 20min.
The maleic hydrazide is first configured to 10mg/ml maleic hydrazide mother liquors, and specific preparation method is as follows：It is fresh to weigh 500mg green grass or young crops
Element, is put into beaker, adds 1ml diethanol amine, adds a small amount of water, stir evenly, and is settled to 50ml after maleic hydrazide all dissolving, uses
0.22 μm of membrane filtration is degerming, spare.The specific activity of maleic hydrazide be respectively 0ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm,
200ppm、300ppm。
The duckweed strain tree originally transferred is 6 plants.
The measure analysis indexes are carried out after being cultivated at 12 days, are specifically included：
(1) counting of thallus number：The duckweed thallus number of every bottle of whole is counted, method of counting is shown in attached drawing 1；
(2) measure of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters：Every bottle of 4 plants of picking, carries out photosynthetic maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and quick
The measure of photo-induction lead curve；
(3) measure of fresh weight and dry weight：The nutrient solution for removing every bottle of culture materials is filtered, it is lobate to weigh every bottle of whole
Body, obtains every bottle of fresh weight.Wherein 3 bottles of materials are respectively dried and weigh, and obtain dry weight.
(4) extraction of starch：1g is weighed from 3 bottles of materials in addition weighing fresh weight be respectively ground carried with starch
Take.
(5) measure of content of starch：Content analysis is carried out to the starch of said extracted.
The technology is repeated 5 times altogether, and each concentration has 6 repetitions every time.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention：
The present invention is handled duckweed using various concentrations maleic hydrazide, finds the work in 100ppm low concentration maleic hydrazides
Under, the growth of duckweed neoleaflet is almost suppressed, and is shown compared with the control, under the action of 100ppm maleic hydrazides, its leaf
Shape body expands numerous to about 100 ripe thalluses by 6 plants 24 original ripe thalluses, and 25 immature thalluses, are far below
350 and 50 ripe and immature thalluses (such as attached drawing 2 and 3) of control；Its fresh weight and dry weight reduce, and are about with what is compareed
0.75g is compared with 51mg, is only about 0.22g and 28mg (such as attached Figure 4 and 5)；And in its thallophytic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters most
Big quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and Relative electron transport rate (rETR) increased, compared with compareing Fv/Fm, at maleic hydrazide
The Fv/Fm of reason group increases to 0.812 by 0.805, while in 200-1000 μm of ol/m2Under s illumination conditions, its rETR higher than pair
According to about 10 or so (such as attached drawings 6 and 7).Above-mentioned data explanation is under the effect of low concentration 100ppm maleic hydrazides, the budding breeding of duckweed
It is suppressed, and photosynthesis and not suppressed, on the contrary can be in 200-1000 μm of ol/m2Under s illumination conditions, to a certain degree
Promote the Relative electron transport rate in photosynthesis.Show duckweed under the action of 100ppm maleic hydrazides, photosynthetic energy
Power is simultaneously not suppressed, so just being increased by the carbohydrate that photosynthesis accumulates, and is acted on, gone out by maleic hydrazide at this time
Bud breeding is suppressed, and is greatly reduced or almost without nutrient consumption so that and photosynthate is mainly accumulated in the form of starch, so
Content of starch dramatically increases, and about increases to 46.5% (w/w) (such as attached drawing 8) by 4.8% (w/w) compareed.
The present invention makes the industrialization production of the most common duckweed starch biomass energy for being easiest to culture more efficient, especially
Stringent culture environment condition and facility are not dependent on to promote the high yield of duckweed starch, the present invention is low to culture environment requirement,
The Stress treatment for depending particularly on environment temperature, illumination and nutrients, such as need not by heating equipment provide high temperature or
Compressor reduces temperature, it is not required that provides special bloom and shines, or changes at the pH of nutrient solution and the stress of nutritional ingredient etc.
Reason.It is only through in conventional low illumination, intensity of illumination is in 100-300 μm of ol/m2In the range of s, as long as temperature
Culture can promote the high accumulation of starch under the conditions of 22 degree or so of suitable for plant growth.
Maleic hydrazide used in the present invention is low-toxin farm chemicals, is widely used in fruits and vegetables production.And since maleic hydrazide promotes purple
The optimal use concentration of the high accumulation of duckweed starch is relatively low, is 100ppm (100mg/kg), less than the green grass or young crops that lichee is sprayed after full-bloom stage
Fresh element activity (1000mg/kg).In addition, by carrying out maleic hydrazide residual quantity point to the litchi fruits for handling 57d after ripening
Analysis is found, (Xu Aidong, 2009) is remained without maleic hydrazide in litchi pulp.We handle duckweed using maleic hydrazide, are to use after harvest
In the extraction and fermentation of starch, not eat, there is no the secondary pollution problem of pesticide；If the technology can put it over, by
Then cultivated in fixed culture pond, maleic hydrazide will not pollute Soil Surrounding, and because the residual of maleic hydrazide
Phase is 1-2 month (Xu Aidong, 2009), therefore promotes the accumulation method of duckweed starch to be caused to environment using maleic hydrazide
Harm.
The present invention is to carry out short time processing to duckweed, and maleic hydrazide, which is handled 12-16 days, can promote the big of duckweed starch
Amount accumulation.So the preculture of duckweed can be constantly carried out in the whole Growing season of suitable duckweed, after expansion is numerous, it is possible to use
Maleic hydrazide carries out short time processing, to harvest the extraction that duckweed carries out starch.By taking Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area as an example, conservative estimation, 1 year
In under outdoor general environmental conditions, duckweed can be cultivated at least five moon, can handle 2 batches every month again, such unit area
The utilization rate of aquaculture pond and the annual output of starch will be substantially improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the thallophytic method of counting of duckweed.
Fig. 2 is the comparison of growing state after various concentrations maleic hydrazide processing duckweed, in figure from left to right maleic hydrazide concentration according to
Secondary is 0ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm.
Fig. 3 is influence to duckweed thallus number after various concentrations maleic hydrazide processing duckweed.
Fig. 4 is influence of the various concentrations maleic hydrazide processing to duckweed fresh weight.
Fig. 5 is influence of the various concentrations maleic hydrazide processing to duckweed dry weight.
Fig. 6 is influence of the various concentrations maleic hydrazide processing to duckweed maximum photosynthetic capacity.
Fig. 7 is influence of the various concentrations maleic hydrazide processing to the quick photosynthetic curve of duckweed.
Fig. 8 is influence (% (w/w fresh weight)) of the various concentrations maleic hydrazide processing to duckweed content of starch.
Fig. 9 is influence of the 100ppm maleic hydrazides processing duckweed different time to duckweed thallus number.
Figure 10 is influence of the 100ppm maleic hydrazides processing duckweed different time to duckweed fresh weight.
Figure 11 is influence of the 100ppm maleic hydrazides processing duckweed different time to duckweed content of starch.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
To be 12h illumination/8h dark in the culture photoperiod, intensity of illumination is about 100 μm of ol/m2S, temperature are 22 DEG C of bars
Under part, the culture of 50ml triangle blake bottles expand numerous 1 week after duckweed, be placed in a big plate, as far as possible picking growth conditions
Consistent duckweed, respectively 6 plants of picking, transfer respectively into corresponding each group added with 0ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm, 200ppm,
In the Datko nutrient solutions of 300ppm, 500ppm various concentrations maleic hydrazide, culture 12d is carried out.Condition of culture is equally the photoperiod
12h illumination/8h is dark, and intensity of illumination is about 100 μm of ol/m2S, temperature are 22 DEG C.Duckweed is located as follows respectively after 12d
Reason：
1. observe and count the duckweed thallus number of every bottle of culture materials.Ripe thallus and jejune lobate
Body separates, and is individually counted.When as a result as shown in Figures 2 and 3, by the 12nd day, by Fig. 2 photos and the thallophytic numbers of Fig. 3
For statistical result showed under the action of low concentration 50ppm maleic hydrazides, the asexual propagation of duckweed receives more slight influence, with
The increase of maleic hydrazide concentration, is just suppressed from the asexual propagation of 100-300ppm duckweeds be subject to different degrees of.
2. the measure of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters
After 12 days, the well-grown duckweed of every bottle of 3 plants of picking carries out the measure of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.Material is taken first
After going out first dark processing 20min, thallus is sandwiched into dark adaptation leaf folder, uses ultra portable modulated chlorophyll fluorescence instrument MINI-
PAM-II measures induction kinetics parameters at a slow speed, and mainly Fv/Fm (maximum quantum efficiency) is compared, as a result such as attached drawing 6
It is shown.And select representational sample to measure its quick photosynthetic curve, as a result as shown in Figure 7.It is blue or green from result
Influence of the fresh element to duckweed photosynthetic capacity is different different with activity.The change of Fv/Fm and rETR values is shown
The processing of 100ppm is the most notable, can promote the enhancing of duckweed photosynthetic capacity.
3. fresh weight and dry weight measure
Weigh immediately after the duckweed for handling 12 days is blotted the moisture of duckweed material surface with suction filter pump, be fresh weight,
As a result as shown in Figure 4.The material for blotting surface moisture is put in 80 DEG C of baking ovens, is weighed once per half an hour, until weight not
It is the dry weight of material, as a result as shown in Figure 5 untill changing again.Processing of the results show higher than 100ppm maleic hydrazides causes purple
The fresh weight and dry weight of duckweed significantly reduce.
4. the extraction of starch
It is as follows using the kit of Suzhou Ke Ming bio tech ltd, specific method：
(1) 0.1g samples are weighed to be put into the cryopreservation tube of 5ml, are ground with small pestle, 1ml reagents one is added altogether and is fully ground
10ml centrifuge tubes are transferred to after into homogenate, 80 DEG C of water-baths extract 30min, 3000g, 25 DEG C of centrifugation 5min, abandon supernatant, stay precipitation.
(2) 0.5ml distilled water is added in precipitating, is put into 95 DEG C of water-baths and is gelatinized 15min.
(3) it is cold go after, add 0.35ml reagents two, 25 DEG C of room temperature extract 15min, during which vibrate 3-5 times.
(4) add 0.85ml distilled water, mix, 3000g, 25 DEG C centrifugation 10min, take supernatant with diluted reagent two into
It is to be measured after 5-10 times of row dilution.
5. the measure of content of starch
(1) microplate reader preheating 30min, adjusting wavelength to 620nm, distilled water zeroing.
(2) water-bath is adjusted to 95 DEG C.
(3) working solution, matching while using are prepared.Formula：After adding 3.75ml distilled water in reagent three, it is slowly added to
The 21.25ml concentrated sulfuric acids, are stirred continuously, fully stand-by after dissolving.
(4) sample measures.50 μ L samples and 250 μ L working solutions are taken into 2ml cryopreservation tubes, 95 DEG C of water-bath 10min are naturally cold
Go to room temperature, take 200 μ L to measure light absorption value under 620nm wavelength, and record data into 96 orifice plates.
6. the calculating of content of starch
The content of starch of various concentrations is measured under standard conditions, according to starch concentration and corresponding OD620The recurrence side of acquisition
Journey is y=2.936x-0.0295, and x is standard concentration (mg/ml), and y is light absorption value.
2.936 ÷ (WxV1 ÷ V2) of content of starch (mg/g fresh weights)=((A+0.0295) xV1) ÷ are calculated by sample fresh weight
=0.578x (A+0.0295) ÷ W
The content of starch (mg) that standard curve checks in；
V1：Add reaction system sample volume, 0.05ml；
V2：Add extracting liquid volume, 1.7ml；
W：Sample fresh weight (g).
Embodiment 2
To further illustrate 100ppm maleic hydrazides as different time processing is to the shadow of duckweed growth and development and starch accumulation
Ring, it is 100 μm of ol/m2s that will compare the duckweed handled with 100ppm maleic hydrazides respectively in intensity of illumination, and the cycle is 16h light
According to/8h dark, under conditions of temperature is 22 DEG C, cultivate respectively 10,12,14,16 days.
After culture, after counting thallus number with method, every group of material is filtered and surveys fresh weight after removing nutrient solution,
And starch isolation and assay are continued using same procedure.
1. thallus number counts and statistical result is as shown in figure 9, with the extension of processing time, compare always continuous
Breeding, strain number is continuously increased, and the growth of the duckweed neoleaflet handled with 100ppm maleic hydrazides is almost totally constrained, from the
10 days to the 16th day, ripe thallophytic number nearly all maintained 70 or so, though the number of leaflet has increase,
Difference very little.
2. the measurement result of fresh weight is as shown in Figure 10.The variation tendency of fresh weight is similar to the variation tendency of thallus number,
Likewise as the extension of maleic hydrazide action time, the fresh weight of control is being gradually increasing；And 100ppm maleic hydrazide treatment group fresh weights
Increase is very slow, about 0.32g at the 10th day, and the 12nd, 14,16 day when is each about 0.36g.
3. the measurement result of content of starch is shown in Figure 11.From data in figure, compare with culture, content of starch to the 14th
It when reach highest, be 9%mg/g fresh weights, and maleic hydrazide treatment group different time points all higher than control, be at least about control
4.5 times of content of starch.Wherein 12 days, the change amplification of 14 days and 16 days was not very notable.
Bibliography：
1.Cheng J J,Stomp A M.Growing Duckweed to Recover Nutrients from
Wastewaters and for Production of Fuel Ethanol and Animal Feed[J].Clean-Soil,
Air,Water,2009,37(1):17-26.
2.Land R,Fao W D D,Sess A G L.Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations,FAO,Statistics Division,http://faostat3.fao.org(accessed
January 10,2015).
3.Cui W,Xu J,Cheng J J,Stomp AM.Starch Accumulation in Duckweed for
Bioethanol Production[J].2011,3(4):187-197.
4.Xu J,Shen G.Growing duckweed in swine wastewater for nutrient
recovery and biomass production[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(2):848-53.
5.Liu Y,Fang Y,Huang M J,Jin Y L,Sun J L,Tao X,Zhang G H,He K Z,Zhao
Y,Zhao H.Uniconazole-induced starch accumulation in the bioenergy crop
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Claims (1)
1. a kind of promotion duckweed starch high yield and simple and environmentally-friendly method.The step of this method, is as follows：It will be cultivated in 60%Datko
Expand in liquid it is numerous after duckweed be placed in a big plate, the consistent duckweed of picking growth conditions is transferred is into added with concentration
50ppm carries out culture 12d into the nutrient solution of 300ppm maleic hydrazides, and the culture photoperiod is 12h illumination/8h dark, intensity of illumination
For 100 μm of ol/m2S, temperature are 22-23 DEG C.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108782204A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-13 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | A method of improving duckweed total starch yield using methylation inhibitor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102177917A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-09-14 | 吴建 | Bud inhibitor of large-headed atractylodes |
| CN102907435A (en) * | 2012-10-27 | 2013-02-06 | 刘善勇 | Compound plant growth regulator inhibiting growth of turfgrass |
| CN103329802A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-10-02 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | Pollution-free high-yield planting method for strawberries |
| CN104839025A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-08-19 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | Culture method of high-starch duckweeds |
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- 2017-12-28 CN CN201711453870.4A patent/CN107969294A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102177917A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-09-14 | 吴建 | Bud inhibitor of large-headed atractylodes |
| CN102907435A (en) * | 2012-10-27 | 2013-02-06 | 刘善勇 | Compound plant growth regulator inhibiting growth of turfgrass |
| CN103329802A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-10-02 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | Pollution-free high-yield planting method for strawberries |
| CN104839025A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-08-19 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | Culture method of high-starch duckweeds |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108782204A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-13 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | A method of improving duckweed total starch yield using methylation inhibitor |
| CN108782204B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Method for improving total starch yield of duckweed by using methylation inhibitor |
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