CN107968539B - Permanent magnet segmented switch flux linkage motor - Google Patents

Permanent magnet segmented switch flux linkage motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107968539B
CN107968539B CN201711369890.3A CN201711369890A CN107968539B CN 107968539 B CN107968539 B CN 107968539B CN 201711369890 A CN201711369890 A CN 201711369890A CN 107968539 B CN107968539 B CN 107968539B
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permanent magnet
stator
motor
sections
permanent magnets
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CN107968539A (en
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周永勤
胡博
张纪勇
孙锐
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

A novel switch flux linkage motor with segmented permanent magnets belongs to the technical field of motors; the invention aims to solve the problems that the motor permanent magnet in the prior art has large volume, low utilization rate and influence on the performance of the motor; the permanent magnet motor comprises a stator, a rotor and permanent magnets, wherein the stator is formed by splicing a plurality of U-shaped stator cores which are circumferentially arranged, the side walls of two adjacent stator cores form stator teeth, each stator tooth is embedded with a permanent magnet, the stator teeth form an integral structure through a three-phase armature winding, each permanent magnet is divided into at least two sections in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnets are divided into at least two sections in the radial direction; the permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in processing and manufacturing, the utilization rate of the permanent magnet can be improved, the cost of the motor is reduced, and the torque ripple and the cogging torque of the permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor are reduced.

Description

Permanent magnet segmented switch flux linkage motor
Technical Field
A novel switch flux motor belongs to the technical field of motors and mainly relates to a novel switch flux motor with segmented permanent magnets.
Background
As a stator excitation type motor, a stator and a rotor of a traditional permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor both adopt a double salient pole structure, the rotor only has an iron core, and a permanent magnet is arranged on a stator tooth part. The traditional 12/10-pole permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor mainly comprises a stator, a rotor, windings, a position sensor and the like, wherein 12 permanent magnets are respectively arranged among 12U-shaped stator core units, centralized windings are wound on stator teeth, and the motor rotor has no other structure except a rotor core. The 12 permanent magnets are magnetized tangentially along the circumference, and the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite. 4 windings, which are spatially at 90 degrees to each other, constitute one phase.
The traditional permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor has extremely high requirements on production and processing because the stator is isolated by the permanent magnet. And in the design of the traditional permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor, the tooth width, the yoke height, the slot width, the width of the permanent magnet and the pole width of the rotor core of the U-shaped stator core unit are equal. When the design method is adopted to design the motor with larger power, the volume of the required permanent magnet is larger, the cost of the motor is improved, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is lower. In addition, the shape and structure of the permanent magnet also have a large impact on the motor performance. When the motor runs, torque fluctuation is an important performance index, and the torque fluctuation mainly comprises two parts, namely cogging torque and torque ripple. The cogging torque is a harmonic torque inherent to the permanent magnet motor, and the existence of the cogging torque can cause the motor to generate vibration and noise during running, and is particularly serious during low-speed running; the torque ripple is generated by the interaction of stator current harmonics and back emf harmonics, which are primarily related to the distribution in space of the excitation magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets. Therefore, the shape and structure of the permanent magnet affect the torque ripple, and the reduction of the cogging torque and the torque ripple is a problem to be considered in the design of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a novel switch flux linkage motor with segmented permanent magnets, which is used for changing the distribution of a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets in the motor, so that the torque pulsation and the cogging torque of the motor are reduced, the utilization rate of the permanent magnets is improved, the cost is reduced, and the processing is convenient.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a novel switch flux linkage motor of permanent magnet segmentation, includes stator, rotor and permanent magnet, and the stator is formed by the concatenation of the U-shaped stator core that a plurality of circumference were arranged, and two adjacent stator core lateral walls constitute the stator tooth, all inlays on every stator tooth and is equipped with the permanent magnet, and the stator tooth constitutes overall structure through the concentrated armature winding of three-phase, and the winding pitch is 1 promptly, twines every permanent magnet on every stator tooth and divide into two sections at least in the circumferential direction, divide into two sections at least in the radial direction.
Furthermore, a first gap is reserved between the two sections of permanent magnets in the circumferential direction.
Further, the first gap width is at least 0.1 mm.
Furthermore, a second gap is reserved between every two adjacent permanent magnets in the radial direction.
Further, the width of the second gap is at least 0.1 mm.
Furthermore, the arrangement modes of the N pole and the S pole of the permanent magnet in the same stator tooth are consistent and are all magnetized along the circumferential tangential direction, and the arrangement modes of the N pole and the S pole of the permanent magnet on the adjacent stator tooth are opposite.
Furthermore, the stator and the rotor are both formed by laminating silicon steel sheets.
Further, the number of stator teeth is 12, and the number of rotor teeth is 10.
Furthermore, the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt or ferrite.
Compared with the prior art, the permanent magnet segmented novel switch flux linkage motor has the advantages that the permanent magnet segmented novel switch flux linkage motor is simple in structure, and the traditional 12U-shaped stator cores can be integrated, so that the permanent magnet segmented novel switch flux linkage motor has the advantage of convenience in processing, and meanwhile, the mechanical strength of the motor is increased. Finite element analysis can prove that the novel permanent magnet segmented switching flux linkage motor has the advantages of small torque pulsation and small cogging torque, the invention aims to provide a method for optimizing the design of the motor, and the specific gap size needs to be adjusted by referring to motors with different power grades. Because the permanent magnet is divided into a plurality of sections, and the distance between the sections of the permanent magnet is properly selected, the volume of the permanent magnet can be reduced, the cost is reduced, and the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect on electromagnetic torque in different numbers of segments, considering only the radial segmentation of permanent magnets
Figure GDA0002304410490000031
In order not to be in the case of segmentation,
Figure GDA0002304410490000032
in order to divide the case into 2 segments,
Figure GDA0002304410490000033
in order to divide the air into 3 sections,
Figure GDA0002304410490000034
is divided into 4 sections;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the influence on cogging torque in different numbers of segments, considering only the radial segments of permanent magnets
Figure GDA0002304410490000035
In order not to be in the case of segmentation,
Figure GDA0002304410490000036
in order to divide the case into 2 segments,
Figure GDA0002304410490000037
in order to divide the air into 3 sections,
Figure GDA0002304410490000038
is divided into 4 sections;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect on electromagnetic torque in different numbers of segments, considering only the tangential segmentation of permanent magnets
Figure GDA0002304410490000039
In order not to be in the case of segmentation,
Figure GDA00023044104900000310
in order to divide the case into 2 segments,
Figure GDA00023044104900000311
in order to divide the air into 3 sections,
Figure GDA00023044104900000312
is divided into 4 sections;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect on cogging torque in different numbers of segments, considering only the tangential segmentation of permanent magnets
Figure GDA00023044104900000313
In order not to be in the case of segmentation,
Figure GDA00023044104900000314
in order to divide the case into 2 segments,
Figure GDA00023044104900000315
in order to divide the air into 3 sections,
Figure GDA00023044104900000316
the condition is divided into 4 sections;
fig. 5 is a graph of the effect on the mean value of the electromagnetic torque when the permanent magnets are segmented, with different radial and tangential spacing combinations of the permanent magnets, in which,
Figure GDA00023044104900000317
is a wave form at a radial pitch of 0mm,
Figure GDA00023044104900000318
a 0.1mm radial pitch,
Figure GDA00023044104900000319
a waveform at a radial spacing of 0.2 mm;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect on torque ripple when permanent magnets are segmented and the different radial and tangential pitch combinations of the permanent magnets
Figure GDA00023044104900000320
Is a wave form at a radial pitch of 0mm,
Figure GDA00023044104900000321
a 0.1mm radial pitch,
Figure GDA00023044104900000319
a waveform at a radial spacing of 0.2 mm;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the effect on cogging torque for different combinations of radial and tangential spacing of permanent magnets when segmented, in which
Figure GDA00023044104900000323
Is a wave form at a radial pitch of 0mm,
Figure GDA00023044104900000324
a 0.1mm radial pitch,
Figure GDA00023044104900000319
a waveform at a radial spacing of 0.2 mm;
FIG. 8 is a distribution in space of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets before the permanent magnet segments;
FIG. 9 is a distribution in space of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet after the permanent magnet is segmented;
FIG. 10 is a comparison of electromagnetic torque waveforms for a permanent magnet segmented new switched reluctance machine versus a conventional permanent magnet switched reluctance machine from a finite element analysis, where-is the conventional permanent magnet switched reluctance machine waveform and-is the new permanent magnet switched reluctance machine waveform;
FIG. 11 is a comparison of cogging torque waveforms for a permanent magnet segmented new switched reluctance machine versus a conventional permanent magnet switched reluctance machine from a finite element analysis, where-is the conventional permanent magnet switched reluctance machine waveform and-is the new permanent magnet switched reluctance machine waveform;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a novel switched flux motor with permanent magnet segments;
FIG. 13 is a stator lamination diagram of a permanent magnet segmented new switched flux motor;
fig. 14 is a permanent magnet construction diagram of a new switched flux motor with permanent magnet segments.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The novel permanent magnet segmented switching flux linkage motor implemented in the embodiment is shown in fig. 12 and comprises a stator 1, permanent magnets 2, three-phase concentrated windings 3 and a rotor 4. The structure of the stator 1 is as shown in fig. 13, and is formed by splicing a plurality of circumferentially arranged U-shaped stator cores, the side walls of two adjacent stator cores form stator teeth, a permanent magnet is embedded on each stator tooth, the stator teeth form an integral structure through a three-phase concentrated armature winding, namely, the winding pitch is 1 and is wound on each stator tooth, each permanent magnet is divided into at least two sections in the circumferential direction, at least two sections are divided into in the radial direction, the stator 1 and the rotor 4 are formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, in this embodiment, the number of the stator teeth is 12, and the number of the rotor teeth is 10.
In the design of the permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor, the tooth width, the yoke height, the slot width, the width of a permanent magnet and the pole width of a rotor core of a U-shaped stator core unit are equal; the invention proves the advantages of the motor with the structure by finite element analysis of a 1000W and 3000r/min permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor, but different clearance adjustments are required to be made for motors with different power levels.
The permanent magnet is divided into 2 sections, 3 sections and 4 sections in the radial direction, when the influence of the distance is not considered, the influence on the electromagnetic torque and the cogging torque when the permanent magnet is divided into different sections is respectively shown in figures 1 and 2, and the radial section of the permanent magnet has almost no influence on the electromagnetic torque, the torque ripple and the cogging torque of the permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor.
When considering the influence of the space, the permanent magnets are divided into 2 sections, 3 sections and 4 sections in the radial direction, the influence of different spaces of the permanent magnets on the torque performance is realized, an iron core with the same material as that of a stator iron core is embedded between the adjacent permanent magnets, when the permanent magnets are divided into different sections in the radial direction, a second gap is reserved between the adjacent permanent magnets in the radial direction, and the influence of the second space from 0mm to 0.5mm on the electromagnetic torque and the cogging torque of the permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor is shown in table 1. Through analysis, the average value of the electromagnetic torque is increased along with the increase of the second distance, and the electromagnetic torque of the motor is obviously reduced along with the increase of the distance after a certain distance is reached. The torque ripple tends to decrease with increasing radial spacing, and the cogging torque tends to vary in a manner consistent with the torque ripple. For the 12/10-pole permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor, when the permanent magnet is radially divided into 3 sections and the adjacent distance is 0.2mm, the electromagnetic torque is basically unchanged, meanwhile, the torque ripple and the cogging torque are small, and the comprehensive torque performance of the motor is best.
TABLE 1 influence of permanent magnet radial segment spacing on Torque Performance
Figure GDA0002304410490000051
Figure GDA0002304410490000061
Figure GDA0002304410490000062
When the influence of the distance is not considered, a first gap is reserved between adjacent permanent magnets in the tangential direction, the influence of the permanent magnet tangential segmentation on the motor torque performance is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the comparison analysis can obtain that the permanent magnet tangential segmentation has the best effect of improving the motor torque performance when being divided into 2 segments, the electromagnetic torque of the motor is basically unchanged, the torque pulsation is reduced, the cogging torque amplitude is reduced from 141.57mN · m to 140.53mN · m, the electromagnetic torque is reduced when being divided into 3 segments and 4 segments, and the torque pulsation and the cogging torque are also increased. It can be derived that: when the permanent magnet is divided into 2 tangential sections, the torque performance of the motor can be improved, and when the sections are too many, the torque performance is reduced.
The influence of different distances of the 2 tangential sections of the permanent magnets on the torque performance of the motor is shown in table 2, and analysis shows that along with the increase of the distance between the permanent magnets, the torque ripple and the cogging torque are reduced to a great extent, the electromagnetic torque is in a trend of being increased greatly and then being reduced gradually, and when the electromagnetic torque is not reduced, the torque performance of the motor is optimal when the distance between the 2 tangential sections is 0.5 mm.
TABLE 2 influence of permanent magnet tangential segmental spacing on Torque Performance
Figure GDA0002304410490000071
Based on the comparative analysis, each permanent magnet in the traditional permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor is divided into 6 sections, and the sections of the permanent magnets are made of the same magnetic conductive material of the stator core in a tangential and radial mixed arrangement mode, so that 12 stator core units can form a whole.
The invention analyzes the average value of the electromagnetic torque, the torque ripple and the cogging torque when different distances in the radial direction and the tangential direction are combined respectively, the analysis results are respectively shown in fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 7, and the analysis shows that the permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor adopting the structure can greatly improve the torque performance of the motor. When the combination of the tangential spacing of 0.4mm and the radial spacing of 0.1mm is chosen, the torque ripple is reduced from 8.86% to 5.53%, and the magnitude of the cogging torque is reduced from 135.84mN · m to 96.75mN · m.
In summary, each stator tooth of the present embodiment has 6 segments of permanent magnets, and the shape is as shown in fig. 14, wherein the arrangement mode is radial 3 rows and tangential 2 rows, the N-pole and S-pole arrangement modes of the 6 segments of permanent magnets are consistent and are all magnetized tangentially along the circumference, and the N-pole and S-pole arrangement modes of the permanent magnets on adjacent teeth are opposite, because the permanent magnets of the conventional motor are divided into 6 segments of permanent magnets and are regularly arranged in space, the distribution of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets in the motor is changed, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, so that the torque ripple magnitude of the permanent magnet switched flux-linkage motor is changed, and the cogging torque is affected. The electromagnetic torque waveform of the novel structure and the traditional permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor obtained through finite element simulation is shown in fig. 10, and it can be obviously seen from the figure that the torque pulsation can be obviously reduced by the novel switch flux linkage motor with the permanent magnet segments. The cogging torque waveforms of the novel structure and the traditional permanent magnet switch flux linkage motor obtained through finite element simulation are shown in fig. 11, and the novel switch flux linkage motor with the segmented permanent magnet can obviously reduce the cogging torque of the motor.
The arrangement modes of the N pole and the S pole of the permanent magnet in the same stator tooth are consistent and are all circumferential tangential magnetization, the arrangement modes of the N pole and the S pole of the permanent magnet on the adjacent stator tooth are opposite, and the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt or ferrite permanent magnet material.
It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should take the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a permanent magnet sectionalized switch flux linkage motor, includes stator, rotor and permanent magnet, its characterized in that: the stator is formed by splicing a plurality of circumferentially arranged U-shaped stator cores, the side walls of two adjacent stator cores form stator teeth, each stator tooth is embedded with a permanent magnet, the stator teeth form an integral structure through a three-phase armature winding, each permanent magnet is divided into two sections in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnet is divided into three sections in the radial direction;
a first gap is reserved between the two sections of permanent magnets in the circumferential direction; the first gap width is at least 0.1 mm;
a second gap is reserved between every two adjacent permanent magnets in the radial direction; the width of the second gap is at least 0.1 mm;
and magnetic conductive materials which are the same as the stator iron core are embedded among the sections of the permanent magnet.
2. A permanent magnet segmented switching flux machine according to claim 1, wherein: the arrangement modes of the N poles and the S poles of the permanent magnets in the same stator tooth are consistent and are all magnetized along the circumferential tangential direction, and the arrangement modes of the N poles and the S poles of the permanent magnets on the adjacent stator teeth are opposite.
3. A permanent magnet segmented switching flux machine according to claim 1, wherein: the stator and the rotor are both formed by laminating silicon steel sheets.
4. A permanent magnet segmented switching flux machine according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the stator teeth is 12, and the number of the rotor teeth is 10.
5. A permanent magnet segmented switching flux machine according to claim 1, wherein: the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt or ferrite.
CN201711369890.3A 2017-12-19 2017-12-19 Permanent magnet segmented switch flux linkage motor Expired - Fee Related CN107968539B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103066786A (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-04-24 周智庆 Novel stator permanent magnet type motor and stator structure thereof
CN104410234A (en) * 2014-04-17 2015-03-11 西北工业大学 Spindle synchronous motor with wide speed regulation range for lathe
CN105958676A (en) * 2016-04-27 2016-09-21 大连名阳实业有限公司 Magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet motor with magnetic leakage self-locking capability
CN106849567A (en) * 2016-11-25 2017-06-13 南京航空航天大学 A kind of flux switch permanent magnet motor of high power density
CN106787306B (en) * 2017-01-23 2019-02-19 北京理工大学 A kind of modular switch magnetic flow disc type electric machine that is radially segmented

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