CN107965665B - Liquefied natural gas gasification heating system driven by pressure - Google Patents
Liquefied natural gas gasification heating system driven by pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107965665B CN107965665B CN201711096590.2A CN201711096590A CN107965665B CN 107965665 B CN107965665 B CN 107965665B CN 201711096590 A CN201711096590 A CN 201711096590A CN 107965665 B CN107965665 B CN 107965665B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
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- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
A liquefied natural gas gasification heating system driven by pressure belongs to the field of liquefied natural gas gasification. The system comprises an LNG storage tank, a booster of the LNG storage tank, a low-temperature liquid booster pump, an air-temperature type gasifier, an ejector, an air-temperature type heat exchanger, a vortex tube and a pressure regulating device. When LNG absorbs heat in the air-temperature gasifier to generate phase change and gasification temperature rise, and the NG temperature at the outlet of the air-temperature gasifier still does not reach the conveying temperature, a low-temperature liquid booster pump is arranged between the storage tank and the air-temperature gasifier to improve the NG pressure at the outlet of the air-temperature gasifier, and a pressure-driven heating unit consisting of an ejector, an air-temperature heat exchanger and a vortex tube is adopted to replace a heater in the existing gasification heating system, so that the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of the system is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of liquefied natural gas gasification, and particularly relates to a liquefied natural gas gasification heating system driven by pressure.
Background
Natural gas is a high-heat and clean energy, and with the increasing severity of environmental pollution and the development and development of a large number of gas fields, the natural gas accounts for a higher and higher proportion in the global energy market. The main component of natural gas is methane, and when the natural gas is cooled to about-162 ℃ under normal pressure, the natural gas undergoes a phase change from a gaseous state to a liquid state, which is called Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for short. Since the density of LNG is about 625 times that of gaseous natural gas in a standard state, LNG has many advantages such as convenience in storage and transportation, high safety, less investment, and environmental friendliness. With the increasing popularity of natural gas, since natural gas is gaseous during use, large LNG city gate stations are successively set up in many cities for receiving, gasifying, odorizing, metering and distributing natural gas.
Fig. 1 shows a conventional LNG gasification system using an air-temperature vaporizer as a vaporizer, which mainly includes an LNG storage tank, an LNG storage tank with a pressure booster, an air-temperature vaporizer, a heater, and a pressure regulator. The LNG storage tank outlet is connected with the inlet of the air-temperature type gasifier, the outlet of the air-temperature type gasifier is respectively connected with the pressure regulating device and the heater, and the outlet of the air-temperature type gasifier or the heater is connected with the inlet of the pressure regulating device and finally communicated to the city pipe network.
Under non-working conditions, LNG is stored in the storage tank in a low-temperature and normal-pressure mode; under the working condition, the storage tank is provided with a supercharger to pressurize the LNG in the LNG storage tank, and the LNG is pressurized to the air-temperature type gasifier from the storage tank by utilizing the pressure difference. In the air-temperature vaporizer, LNG exchanges heat with air introduced into the external environment to undergo phase change, and the LNG is vaporized into a gaseous state while raising the temperature. When the external environment temperature is higher in summer, the temperature of the natural gas at the outlet of the air-temperature gasifier can reach more than 5 ℃, and the natural gas directly enters an urban pipe network through the pressure reduction of the pressure regulating device and is delivered to various users. In winter or rainy season, because the ambient temperature is lower or the influence of humidity, the efficiency of the air-temperature type gasifier is reduced, when the temperature of the gasified natural gas does not meet the temperature requirement of a pipe network, in order to prevent the low-temperature natural gas from directly entering an urban pipe network to cause low-temperature brittle fracture of facilities such as pipeline valves and the like and also to prevent overlarge supply and marketing difference caused by high density of the low-temperature natural gas, the gasified low-temperature natural gas needs to be heated by a heater to the allowable temperature of the pipe network, and finally can enter the transmission and distribution pipe network to be sent to various users after being odorized and metered.
In actual use, the air-temperature type gasifier specifically adopts two groups of parallel connection modes to be mutually switched for use, when one group of the air-temperature type gasifier is too long in service time, the surface of a heat exchange tube is seriously frosted in the gasification process, the gasification efficiency of the gasifier is reduced, the outlet temperature cannot meet the requirement, the air-temperature type gasifier needs to be manually (or automatically or regularly) switched to the other group for use, and meanwhile, the other group is naturally frosted.
The heater may be classified into a combustion heating type, a hot water heating type, an electric heating type, and the like according to a heat source, and the conventional natural gas gasification heating process needs to consume a large amount of energy to heat the low-temperature NG.
The invention provides a method for heating by adopting a circulating replacement water bath heater consisting of an ejector, a vortex tube and an air-temperature heat exchanger on the basis of the existing natural gas gasification heating process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a liquefied natural gas gasification heating system driven by pressure, which adopts a pressure-driven heating unit consisting of a vortex tube, an air-temperature type heat exchanger and an ejector to replace the existing heater, and improves the NG pressure at the outlet of the air-temperature type gasifier by arranging a low-temperature liquid booster pump between a storage tank and the air-temperature type gasifier.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a liquefied natural gas gasification heating system driven by pressure comprises an LNG storage tank, a supercharger on the LNG storage tank, an air-temperature type gasifier, a pressure regulating device, a pressure-driven heating unit and a low-temperature liquid booster pump.
The storage tank is provided with a supercharger to pressurize LNG in the LNG storage tank, and the LNG is conveyed to the air-temperature type gasifier by using pressure difference; the low-temperature liquid booster pump is arranged between the LNG storage tank and the air-temperature gasifier and is matched with the pressure-driven heating unit for use; wherein the LNG absorbs heat from the air and undergoes a phase change to gaseous natural gas;
when the temperature of the natural gas gasified by the air-temperature gasifier reaches the allowable temperature of a pipe network, the natural gas directly enters a pressure regulating device through a pipeline; when the natural gas gasified by the air-temperature gasifier fails to reach the allowable temperature of a pipe network, starting a low-temperature liquid booster pump for further boosting, and after boosting, feeding the natural gas discharged from the air-temperature gasifier into a pressure-driven heating unit for heating and then connecting the natural gas into a pressure regulating device;
the pressure-driven heating unit consists of a vortex, an air-temperature heat exchanger and an ejector, wherein the ejector, a vortex tube and the air-temperature heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a closed loop;
the cold end of the vortex tube is connected with the air-temperature heat exchanger, and the hot end of the vortex tube is connected with the pressure regulating device; the outlet of the air-temperature gasifier is connected with the inlet of the ejector, and the outlet of the ejector is connected with the inlet of the vortex tube;
mixing high-pressure natural gas discharged from the air-temperature gasifier with low-pressure natural gas discharged from the air-temperature heat exchanger in an ejector to form a strand of medium-pressure natural gas, and then feeding the strand of medium-pressure natural gas into a vortex tube from an outlet of the ejector; the natural gas is reduced in pressure by a tangential nozzle of the vortex tube to form a high-speed vortex, the natural gas is separated into two strands due to the energy separation effect of the vortex tube, one strand of the natural gas is heated due to the heating effect in the vortex tube, and the temperature of the natural gas is adjusted to the allowable temperature of a pipe network by a hot end control valve and then is sent to a pressure adjusting device; the other strand of natural gas discharged from the outlet of the cold end of the vortex tube is introduced into the air-temperature heat exchanger to absorb heat into the air, and the natural gas discharged from the outlet of the air-temperature heat exchanger is injected into the ejector by the high-speed jet flow in the ejector;
the natural gas enters the pressure regulating device to be depressurized, and the natural gas reaches the conveying pressure and finally enters the urban pipe network.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention overcomes the defect that the air-temperature type gasifier can not heat LNG to the temperature allowed by a pipe network for gasification, and the NG pressure entering the ejector injection inlet is improved by means of increasing the pressure of LNG by consuming pumping power by arranging the low-temperature liquid booster pump between the storage tank and the air-temperature type gasifier. The ejector, the air-temperature heat exchanger and the vortex tube group form a core circulation of the natural gas circulating system, and natural gas circularly flows in the ejector, the outlet of the cold end of the vortex tube and the air-temperature heater through the pressure driving of the ejector. Due to the refrigerating capacity of the cold end of the vortex tube, the temperature of a part of natural gas at the inlet of the vortex tube is further reduced, and after the natural gas is introduced into the air temperature type heat exchanger, the low-temperature and low-pressure natural gas can continuously absorb heat into the air to increase the temperature. And the heating capacity of the hot end of the vortex tube can enable another part of natural gas at the inlet to be heated and then be discharged to a pipe network.
The LNG gasification station is additionally provided with a low-temperature liquid booster pump, an ejector, an air-temperature heat exchanger and a vortex tube, and the natural gas discharged from the air-temperature gasifier continuously absorbs heat to the air in the circulating flow of the ejector, the air-temperature heat exchanger and the vortex tube through pressure regulation of the low-temperature liquid booster pump, so that the natural gas which does not reach the temperature allowed by a pipe network at the outlet of the air-temperature gasifier is heated without a heater, and the purpose of greatly reducing the energy consumption of the LNG gasification station is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional lng gasification system using an air-temperature type gasifier.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an lng gasification heating system using pressure driving according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a comparison of energy consumption under certain operating conditions using the system of the present invention and a prior art system.
Figure 4 is the energy savings ratio of a system employing the present invention relative to prior systems.
In the figure: 1, an LNG storage tank; 2, the LNG storage tank is provided with a supercharger; 3, an air-temperature gasifier; 4, a heater; 5, a pressure regulating device; 6 a vortex tube; 7, an air-temperature heat exchanger; 8 an ejector; 9 low-temperature liquid booster pump.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the liquefied natural gas gasification heating system driven by pressure according to the present invention includes an LNG storage tank 1, an LNG storage tank self-contained pressure booster 2, an air-temperature vaporizer 3, a pressure regulating device 5, a vortex tube 6, an air-temperature heat exchanger 7, an ejector 8, and a cryogenic liquid booster pump 9.
The LNG exchanges heat with air in the air-temperature gasifier 3, generates phase change and is converted into gaseous natural gas, the temperature is raised, and the natural gas after being gasified and heated by the air-temperature gasifier 3 directly enters the pressure regulating device 5 through a pipeline when the temperature reaches the allowable temperature of a pipe network; when the natural gas gasified by the air-temperature gasifier 3 fails to reach the allowable temperature of a pipe network, a low-temperature liquid booster pump 9 is started, and the natural gas discharged from the air-temperature gasifier 3 after being boosted enters a pressure-driven heating unit for heating and then is connected to a pressure regulating device 5;
the pressure-driven heating unit consists of an ejector 8, a vortex tube 6 and an air-temperature heat exchanger 7 which are sequentially connected to form a closed loop, wherein the cold end of the vortex tube 6 is connected with the air-temperature heat exchanger 7, and the hot end of the vortex tube 6 is connected with a pressure regulating device 5; the natural gas which is discharged from the air-temperature gasifier 3 and enters the ejector 8 is used as main working fluid, the natural gas is expanded and accelerated in a Laval nozzle in the ejector 8 to form supersonic jet flow, the low-pressure natural gas which is discharged from the outlet of the air-temperature heat exchanger 7 is ejected, the supersonic jet flow and the low-pressure natural gas are subjected to momentum and energy exchange in a mixing chamber in the ejector 8, the supersonic jet flow and the low-pressure natural gas are mixed to form a flow of fluid, then the pressure of the fluid is increased by a pressure expansion chamber in the ejector 8, and a flow of medium-pressure fluid is formed at the outlet of the; after natural gas enters the vortex tube 6, the natural gas is expanded and depressurized through a tangential nozzle in the vortex tube 6 to form a high-speed vortex, the natural gas is separated into two strands due to the energy separation effect of the vortex tube 6, one strand of natural gas is heated due to the heating effect of the vortex tube 6, the temperature of the natural gas is adjusted to be above 5 ℃ through a control valve at the hot end, and then the natural gas is sent to a pressure adjusting device 5; the other strand of natural gas is cooled due to the refrigeration effect in the vortex tube 6, enters the air-temperature heat exchanger 7 through the cold end of the vortex tube 6 to absorb heat into the air, and the heated natural gas is discharged from the outlet of the air-temperature heat exchanger 7 and returns to the ejector 8 from the injection fluid inlet of the ejector 8;
according to the conservation of mass of an inlet and an outlet, the pressure-driven heating unit provided by the invention is subjected to system analysis, and the following relation between the cold flow ratio of the vortex tube and the injection coefficient of the injector can be obtained:
(1+ λ) (1- ε) 1 or ε 1-1/(1+ λ) (1)
Wherein epsilon is the cold flow ratio of the vortex tube and is defined as the ratio of the mass flow of the outlet of the cold end to the mass flow of the inlet of the vortex tube; λ is the ejector injection coefficient, defined as the ratio of injected gas mass flow to injected gas mass flow.
From the equation (1), the cold flow ratio ε is proportional to the injection coefficient λ, i.e., increasing the injection coefficient increases the cold flow ratio.
For the energy separation performance of the vortex tube, for the vortex tube with a fixed structure, the means for improving the heating capacity of the hot end of the vortex tube is to improve the inlet pressure or increase the cold flow ratio. If the mode of improving the inlet pressure of the vortex tube is adopted, because the inlet of the vortex tube 6 is connected with the outlet of the ejector 8, the ejector 8 ejects fluid to eject low-pressure fluid to need larger pressure drop, and under the condition of realizing the same ejection coefficient, the ejector ejection pressure is inevitably required to be improved by increasing the inlet pressure of the vortex tube 6. If the cold flow ratio is increased to improve the heating capacity of the vortex tube 6, it is required to increase the injection coefficient of the injector 8. For the ejector injection performance, under the conditions that the ejector structure is fixed and the injected fluid is in a certain working condition, the method for improving the ejector injection coefficient can also be adopted for improving the ejector inlet pressure. To sum up, in order to improve the heating capacity of the hot end of the vortex tube 6 and enable the temperature of the natural gas at the outlet of the vortex tube to reach the allowable temperature of a pipe network, a method of improving the pressure of the fluid at the injection inlet of the injector 8 can be adopted. Therefore, the low-temperature liquid booster pump 9 is arranged between the storage tank 1 and the air-temperature type gasifier 3 to boost the pressure of the low-temperature LNG flowing out from the outlet of the storage tank 1, so that the pressure of the gaseous natural gas at the outlet of the air-temperature type gasifier 3 reaches the design pressure value of the fluid at the injection inlet of the injector 8.
In order to quantitatively illustrate the energy-saving benefit of the pressure-driven heating unit of the invention relative to the heater of the existing gasification system under specific working conditions, the set working conditions are as follows: the natural gas flow rate at the outlet of the air-temperature type gasifier 3 is 10000Nm3The working time is 3000 hours, and the energy consumption of two systems at the average temperature of 10 ℃, 5 ℃, 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ below zero is achieved. The temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the air-temperature type gasifier and the air-temperature type heat exchanger can reach 10 ℃ lower than the ambient temperature, and in order to reach the allowable temperature of a pipe network of 5 ℃, the average temperature of the inlet gas which is required to be heated by the pressure-driven heating unit adopted by the invention and the heater adopted by the existing gasification system is respectively 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 30 ℃. The two systems need to raise the temperature of the gas at 3000 hours of operation and the energy consumption at these temperatures is shown in fig. 3, and the energy consumption of the pressure driven heating unit of the present invention is more energy efficient than the energy consumption of the heater of the existing gasification system as shown in fig. 4. It can be seen that the larger the required heating temperature is, the more the energy consumption of the two systems is correspondingly increased, but the energy-saving ratio of the invention is gradually reduced and is more than 92%.
Claims (1)
1. A liquefied natural gas gasification heating system driven by pressure comprises an LNG storage tank (1), a supercharger (2) of the LNG storage tank, an air-temperature gasifier (3) and a pressure regulating device (5), and is characterized by further comprising a pressure-driven heating unit and a low-temperature liquid booster pump (9);
the storage tank is provided with a supercharger (2) to supercharge LNG in the LNG storage tank (1), and the LNG is conveyed to the air-temperature type gasifier (3) by using pressure difference; the low-temperature liquid booster pump (9) is arranged between the LNG storage tank (1) and the air-temperature vaporizer (3) and is matched with the pressure-driven heating unit for use; wherein the LNG absorbs heat from the air and undergoes a phase change to gaseous natural gas;
when the temperature of the natural gas gasified by the air-temperature gasifier (3) reaches the allowable temperature of a pipe network, the natural gas directly enters a pressure regulating device (5) through a pipeline; when the natural gas gasified by the air-temperature gasifier (3) fails to reach the allowable temperature of a pipe network, starting a low-temperature liquid booster pump (9) for further boosting, and after boosting, feeding the natural gas discharged from the air-temperature gasifier (3) into a pressure-driven heating unit for heating and then connecting the natural gas into a pressure regulating device (5);
the pressure-driven heating unit is composed of a vortex tube (6), an air-temperature heat exchanger (7) and an ejector (8), wherein the ejector (8), the vortex tube (6) and the air-temperature heat exchanger (7) are sequentially connected to form a closed loop; wherein the cold end of the vortex tube (6) is connected with the air-temperature heat exchanger (7), and the hot end of the vortex tube (6) is connected with the pressure regulating device (5); an outlet of the air-temperature gasifier (3) is connected with an inlet of an ejector (8), and an outlet of the ejector (8) is connected with an inlet of a vortex tube (6);
mixing high-pressure natural gas discharged from the air-temperature gasifier (3) with low-pressure natural gas discharged from the air-temperature heat exchanger (7) in an ejector (8) to form a stream of medium-pressure natural gas, and then feeding the stream of medium-pressure natural gas into a vortex tube (6) from an outlet of the ejector (8); the natural gas is decompressed by a tangential nozzle of the vortex tube (6) to form a high-speed vortex, the natural gas is separated into two streams due to the energy separation effect of the vortex tube (6), one stream of the natural gas is heated due to the heating effect in the vortex tube (6), the temperature of the natural gas is adjusted to the allowable temperature of a pipe network through a hot end control valve, and then the natural gas is sent to a pressure adjusting device (5); the other strand of natural gas discharged from the outlet of the cold end of the vortex tube (6) is introduced into the air-temperature heat exchanger (7) to absorb heat into the air, and the natural gas discharged from the outlet of the air-temperature heat exchanger (7) is injected into the injector (8) by high-speed jet flow in the injector (8);
the natural gas enters the pressure regulating device (5) to be depressurized, and the natural gas reaches the conveying pressure and is finally introduced into the urban pipe network.
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| CN117146185A (en) * | 2023-09-12 | 2023-12-01 | 中海石油气电集团有限责任公司 | Liquefied natural gas gasification system using air as heat source |
Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104482784A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-01 | 苟仲武 | Efficient liquid temperature rise gasification device and method |
| CN204647846U (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-16 | 四川金星清洁能源装备股份有限公司 | A kind of combined type LNG skid vaporizing station |
| CN204922500U (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-12-30 | 武汉三江航天远方科技有限公司 | Liquefied natural gas gasification measurement regulator |
| CN205896684U (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-01-18 | 江苏海企港华燃气发展有限公司 | BOG optimized utilization device on LNG landing stage |
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2017
- 2017-11-09 CN CN201711096590.2A patent/CN107965665B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104482784A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-01 | 苟仲武 | Efficient liquid temperature rise gasification device and method |
| CN204647846U (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-16 | 四川金星清洁能源装备股份有限公司 | A kind of combined type LNG skid vaporizing station |
| CN204922500U (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-12-30 | 武汉三江航天远方科技有限公司 | Liquefied natural gas gasification measurement regulator |
| CN205896684U (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-01-18 | 江苏海企港华燃气发展有限公司 | BOG optimized utilization device on LNG landing stage |
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