CN107964613A - 一种铝合金及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种铝合金及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN107964613A
CN107964613A CN201711255125.9A CN201711255125A CN107964613A CN 107964613 A CN107964613 A CN 107964613A CN 201711255125 A CN201711255125 A CN 201711255125A CN 107964613 A CN107964613 A CN 107964613A
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    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铝合金及其制备工艺,属于金属材料冶炼技术领域,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 80‑92份、Mg 2‑6份、Zn 3‑7份、Cu 0.8‑3.2份,Si 3‑8份,Cr 0.1‑0.5份,Ge 0.1‑0.3份,Zr 0.12‑0.18份。本发明提供一种铝合金及其制备工艺,具有能有效减少淬火残余应力,后续机加工不易变形的优点。

Description

一种铝合金及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料冶炼技术领域,具体涉及一种铝合金及其制备工艺。
背景技术
铝合金是以铝为基的合金总成,主要合金元素有铜、硅、镁、锌、锰,次要合金元素有镍、铁、钛、铬、锂等。铝合金是工业中应用最广泛的一类有色金属结构材料,在航空、航天、汽车、机械制造、船舶及化学工业中已大量应用。铸造铝合金按化学成分可分为铝硅合金,铝铜合金,铝镁合金,铝锌合金和铝稀土合金,其中铝硅合金又有简单铝硅合金,其不能热处理强化,力学性能较低,铸造性能好,还有特殊铝硅合金,其可处理强化,力学性能较高,铸造性能良好。
现有技术生产的铝合金,淬火残余应力消除效果不佳,导致生产的铝合金淬火残余应力大,机加工易变形。
发明内容
针对现有技术生产的铝合金,淬火残余应力消除效果不佳,导致生产的铝合金淬火残余应力大,机加工易变形的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种铝合金及其制备工艺,具有能有效减少淬火残余应力,后续机加工不易变形的优点。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种铝合金及其制备工艺,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 80-92份、Mg 2-6份、Zn 3-7份、Cu 0.8-3.2份,Si 3-8份,Cr 0.1-0.5份,Ge 0.1-0.3份,Zr 0.12-0.18份。
通过以上技术方案,铝合金中的Cr能够细化晶粒,阻止再结晶形核和长大过程,起强化作用,能改善合金韧性和降低应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,铝合金中加入Ge和Zr后,与常规合金比,可使断裂韧性提高25-50%,在后续加工不易变形,通过第一级淬火和第二级淬火进行分段精确控制,以实现铝合金材料淬火后心层淬透的同时将淬火残余应力降至最低。
优选的,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 85-90份、Mg 3-5份、Zn 4-6份、Cu 1.8-2.2份,Si 5-6份,Cr 0.3-0.4份,Ge 0.15-0.25份,Zr 0.14-0.16份。
更优选的,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 88份、Mg 4份、Zn 5份、Cu2份,Si 5.5份,Cr 0.35份,Ge 0.2份,Zr 0.15份。
一种铝合金的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)熔炼,按重量份数将Al、Mg、Zn、Cu、Si、Cr、Ge和Zr置于熔炼炉内熔炼,熔炼炉内铝合金熔融液温度控制在650-750℃并保温;
(2)将合金浇铸至已预热的铸模,得到合金铸锭;
(3)在真空条件下,将铝合金铸锭升温至500℃以上,保温2-6小时,急速淬入60-100℃的水中,再自然冷却至室温得铝合金材料;
(4)将步骤(3)中的铝合金材料投入淬火炉中加热,所述加热温度400-500℃,加热时间7-15h,随后进行二级淬火,第一级淬火,将铝合金材料从淬火炉中取出,快速置于180-250℃淬火槽中,进行强制快速冷却;第二级淬火,将铝合金材料置于30-50℃淬火槽中,进行强制快速冷却,完成铝合金材料的淬火;
(5)对步骤(4)中完成淬火的铝合金材料进行低温回火,随后保温。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述保温的时间为40-80分钟。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述预热温度为500-600℃。
优选的,步骤(5)中,所述低温回火的温度为160-250℃,随后保温时间为5-10h。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:(1)铝合金中的Cr能够细化晶粒,阻止再结晶形核和长大过程,起强化作用,能改善合金韧性和降低应力腐蚀开裂敏感性;(2)铝合金中加入Ge和Zr后,与常规合金比,可使断裂韧性提高25-50%,在后续加工不易变形;(3)通过第一级淬火和第二级淬火进行分段精确控制,以实现铝合金材料淬火后心层淬透的同时将淬火残余应力降至最低。
具体实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征,除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外,均可以以任何方式组合。
实施例1
本实施例所述一种铝合金及其制备工艺,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 80份、Mg 2份、Zn 3份、Cu 0.8份,Si 3份,Cr 0.1份,Ge 0.1份,Zr 0.12份。
所述制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)熔炼,按重量份数将Al、Mg、Zn、Cu、Si、Cr、Ge和Zr置于熔炼炉内熔炼,熔炼炉内铝合金熔融液温度控制在650℃并保温,所述保温的时间为40分钟;
(2)将合金浇铸至已预热的铸模,得到合金铸锭,所述预热温度为500℃;
(3)在真空条件下,将铝合金铸锭升温至500℃以上,保温2小时,急速淬入60℃的水中,再自然冷却至室温得铝合金材料;
(4)将步骤(3)中的铝合金材料投入淬火炉中加热,所述加热温度400℃,加热时间7h,随后进行二级淬火,第一级淬火,将铝合金材料从淬火炉中取出,快速置于180℃淬火槽中,进行强制快速冷却;第二级淬火,将铝合金材料置于30℃淬火槽中,进行强制快速冷却,完成铝合金材料的淬火;
(5)对步骤(4)中完成淬火的铝合金材料进行低温回火,随后保温,所述低温回火的温度为160℃,随后保温时间为5h。
实施例2
一种铝合金及其制备工艺,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 85份、Mg3份、Zn 4份、Cu 1.8份,Si 5份,Cr 0.3份,Ge 0.15份,Zr 0.14份。
所述制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)熔炼,按重量份数将Al、Mg、Zn、Cu、Si、Cr、Ge和Zr置于熔炼炉内熔炼,熔炼炉内铝合金熔融液温度控制在750℃并保温,所述保温的时间为80分钟;
(2)将合金浇铸至已预热的铸模,得到合金铸锭,所述预热温度为600℃;
(3)在真空条件下,将铝合金铸锭升温至500℃以上,保温6小时,急速淬入100℃的水中,再自然冷却至室温得铝合金材料;
(4)将步骤(3)中的铝合金材料投入淬火炉中加热,所述加热温度500℃,加热时间15h,随后进行二级淬火,第一级淬火,将铝合金材料从淬火炉中取出,快速置于250℃淬火槽中,进行强制快速冷却;第二级淬火,将铝合金材料置于50℃淬火槽中,进行强制快速冷却,完成铝合金材料的淬火;
(5)对步骤(4)中完成淬火的铝合金材料进行低温回火,随后保温,所述低温回火的温度为250℃,随后保温时间为10h。
实施例3
一种铝合金及其制备工艺,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 88份、Mg4份、Zn 5份、Cu 2份,Si 5.5份,Cr 0.35份,Ge 0.2,Zr 0.15。
其制备工艺如实施例1。
实施例4
一种铝合金及其制备工艺,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 90份、Mg5份、Zn 6份、Cu 2.2份,Si 6份,Cr0.4份,Ge0.25,Zr 0.16。
其制备工艺如实施例1。
实施例5
一种铝合金及其制备工艺,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 92份、Mg6份、Zn 7份、Cu 3.2份,Si 8份,Cr0.5份,Ge 0.3份,Zr 0.18份。
其制备工艺如实施例1。
如上所述即为本发明的实施例。本发明不局限于上述实施方式,任何人应该得知在本发明的启示下做出的结构变化,凡是与本发明具有相同或相近的技术方案,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种铝合金及其制备工艺,其特征在于,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 80-92份、Mg 2-6份、Zn 3-7份、Cu 0.8-3.2份,Si 3-8份,Cr 0.1-0.5份,Ge 0.1-0.3份,Zr 0.12-0.18份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金及其制备工艺,其特征在于,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 85-90份、Mg 3-5份、Zn 4-6份、Cu 1.8-2.2份,Si 5-6份,Cr 0.3-0.4份,Ge 0.15-0.25份,Zr 0.14-0.16份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种铝合金及其制备工艺,其特征在于,按重量份数计,所述铝合金包括以下组分:Al 88份、Mg 4份、Zn 5份、Cu 2份,Si 5.5份,Cr 0.35份,Ge 0.2份,Zr 0.15份。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述的铝合金的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)熔炼,按重量份数将Al、Mg、Zn、Cu、Si、Cr、Ge和Zr置于熔炼炉内熔炼,熔炼炉内铝合金熔融液温度控制在650-750℃并保温;
(2)将合金浇铸至已预热的铸模,得到合金铸锭;
(3)在真空条件下,将铝合金铸锭升温至500℃以上,保温2-6小时,急速淬入60-100℃的水中,再自然冷却至室温得铝合金材料;
(4)将步骤(3)中的铝合金材料投入淬火炉中加热,所述加热温度400-500℃,加热时间7-15h,随后进行二级淬火,第一级淬火,将铝合金材料从淬火炉中取出,快速置于180-250℃淬火槽中,进行强制快速冷却;第二级淬火,将铝合金材料置于30-50℃淬火槽中,进行强制快速冷却,完成铝合金材料的淬火;
(5)对步骤(4)中完成淬火的铝合金材料进行低温回火,随后保温。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种铝合金的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述保温的时间为40-80分钟。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种铝合金的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述预热温度为500-600℃。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种铝合金的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述低温回火的温度为160-250℃,随后保温时间为5-10h。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108913954A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-11-30 江苏宏基铝业科技股份有限公司 一种太阳能边框铝型材及其制备工艺
CN110923522A (zh) * 2019-11-12 2020-03-27 安徽枫慧金属股份有限公司 高性能宽幅铝合金板材板型成型方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108913954A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-11-30 江苏宏基铝业科技股份有限公司 一种太阳能边框铝型材及其制备工艺
CN110923522A (zh) * 2019-11-12 2020-03-27 安徽枫慧金属股份有限公司 高性能宽幅铝合金板材板型成型方法

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