CN107962293B - Integrated forming method for friction stir welding stirring head of high-melting-point material - Google Patents
Integrated forming method for friction stir welding stirring head of high-melting-point material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107962293B CN107962293B CN201711337919.XA CN201711337919A CN107962293B CN 107962293 B CN107962293 B CN 107962293B CN 201711337919 A CN201711337919 A CN 201711337919A CN 107962293 B CN107962293 B CN 107962293B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated forming method of a friction stir welding metal ceramic stirring head made of a high-melting-point material. According to the invention, the integrally formed friction stir welding metal ceramic stirring head is prepared from mixed powder of 75-90% of TiC, 6-15% of Mo and 4-10% of Ni, by adopting the process modes of ball milling and mixing, compression molding, presintering, cutting processing, vacuum sintering and post-treatment. The invention has simple operation and high degree of mechanization, can omit the step of wax dipping and plasticizing in the traditional process, reduces the production cost and shortens the production period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal ceramic forming, in particular to a stirring head material for friction stir welding of a high-melting-point material and an integrated forming method.
Background
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a new solid-phase joining technique, in which the metal of a part is in a thermoplastic state mainly by Friction Stir heat between a Stir head and a workpiece to be welded, and the metal flows plastically from the front end to the rear end of the part under the pressure of the Stir head, so that the workpiece to be welded is pressure-welded as a whole. Due to the special connection mechanism of the friction stir welding, the stirring head becomes a key part of the friction stir welding, and the stirring head can be subjected to huge mechanical force and high temperature in the working process, so that special requirements are provided for the high-temperature stability and the heat strength of the stirring head.
The stir head serves as the "heart" of the FSW, and its material and structure are the heart of the friction stir welding technique. The stir head directly bears the heat load, force load and frictional wear of the welding process, so the material used for manufacturing the stir head is required to have a melting point, strength, hardness, toughness, good abrasion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like higher than those of the welded material. For high melting point materials, the maximum temperature can reach over 1000 ℃ during welding. The current commonly used stirring head materials are mainly tungsten-based materials and cubic boron nitride, but tungsten is expensive, and is difficult to machine, and is difficult to form special-shaped size pieces, and the stirring head is of a special-shaped structure, so that the manufacturing cost of the tungsten-based alloy stirring head is very high. The cubic boron nitride PCBN stirring head has good high-temperature stability and wear resistance, high-temperature strength and high hardness, but high temperature and high pressure are required for manufacturing the PCBN, and the forming of special-shaped size parts is difficult. Therefore, the PCBN stirring head is also high in manufacturing cost and expensive. Therefore, the development of high-performance high-temperature-resistant friction stir welding stirring head materials and low-cost controllable preparation technology thereof are urgently needed.
The method for preparing the metal ceramic integrally-formed stirring head by compression molding, presintering, machining and presintering is adopted, the defects that the metal ceramic is poor in densification degree, more in pores, smaller in crystal grains and not completely hardened in an incomplete sintering state, and has proper strength due to partial sintering so as to ensure that the metal ceramic is not cracked during processing and meet the processing precision requirement are utilized, and the stirring head is processed on the basis, so that the manufacturing efficiency of the stirring head can be greatly improved, and meanwhile, the manufacturing cost is reduced. The processed sample is sintered completely at high temperature, and then has compact structure and regular crystal grains, thereby ensuring good mechanical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a friction stir welding stirring head for a high-melting-point material, and simultaneously provides an integrated forming method of the stirring head, namely a stirring needle (1) and a shaft shoulder (2), so that the problems of serious abrasion of the stirring head in the friction stir welding process of the high-melting-point material and the defects of difficult processability such as brittleness and hardness of a metal ceramic stirring head are solved.
The invention provides an integrated molding method of a friction stir welding stirring head made of a high-melting-point material, which is prepared by the following raw materials through raw material preparation, ball milling and mixing, compression molding, presintering, cutting processing, vacuum sintering and post-treatment, and is characterized in that:
s1, raw material preparation: weighing powder according to the mixture ratio of 75-90% of TiC, 6-15% of Mo and 4-10% of Ni in mass fraction, and adding 1-2% of forming agent polyethylene glycol (PEG) in mass fraction to obtain a mixed raw material;
s2, ball milling and mixing: putting the mixture prepared by S1 into a stainless steel ball milling tank, adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol and ZrO2Grinding balls are used as media, and the ball material ratio is 10: 1, sealing and putting the mixture into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 24 to 36 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200 to 250 r/min;
s3, compression molding: drying and sieving the mixture slurry, filling the metal ceramic particles into a cylindrical die by using a compression molding method, and pressurizing to 150-250 MPa to obtain a green compact;
s4, pre-sintering: vacuum degreasing the pressed compact at the temperature of 250-400 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 6-10 h; continuously heating to 810-880 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, cooling to room temperature after presintering is finished, and obtaining a presintering stirring head;
s5, cutting: machining the pre-sintering stirring head according to the required structural shape and size;
s6, vacuum sintering: vacuum sintering molding is adopted, the pre-sintered stirring head obtained in S5 is sintered again, the sintering temperature is 1300-1500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-1.5 h, so that a sintered body is obtained;
s7, post-processing: and (3) putting the sintered body in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, using argon as a fluid medium, gradually pressurizing to 60-180 MPa, gradually heating to 1250-1400 ℃, keeping lh-2 h, gradually decompressing, and cooling along with the furnace.
In the compression molding step, the drying and sieving treatment is drying at 70-80 ℃ in an electric heating drying oven for 8h-l0h, and then sieving the dried powder with a sieve of 80-100 meshes.
In the cutting processing step, a low-cobalt fine-particle alloy cutter is adopted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention selects the metal ceramic as the material of the stirring head through reasonable raw material selection, has enough strong hardness and toughness and good wear resistance, and can bear physical and chemical wear in the welding process; because the fully sintered ceramic is easy to cause cutter abrasion and has poor processing quality, the invention adopts a molding method of pre-sintering, machining and fully sintering, thereby not only overcoming the defects of difficult processing such as brittleness and hardness of the fully sintered ceramic material, but also improving the processing efficiency, reducing the processing cost, having strong practicability of the processing method and wide application prospect; and the high-temperature isostatic pressing treatment after sintering obviously reduces the internal stress of the interface, improves the hardness of the material, and ensures that the stirring head has more excellent wear resistance and impact resistance, thereby improving the serious wear condition of the friction stir welding stirring head of the high-melting-point material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a friction stir welding tool for high melting point materials in accordance with the present invention.
Wherein, 1-stirring pin and 2-shaft shoulder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
The invention provides a friction stir welding stirring head for a high-melting-point material, which consists of a stirring needle (1) and a shaft shoulder (2), and an integrated forming method of the stirring head comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material preparation: weighing powder according to the mixture ratio of 75% of TiC, 15% of Mo and 10% of Ni in mass fraction, and adding 1% of forming agent polyethylene glycol (PEG) in mass fraction to obtain a mixed raw material;
s2, ball milling and mixing: putting the mixture prepared by S1 into a stainless steel ball milling tank, adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol and ZrO2Grinding balls are used as a medium, the ball material ratio is 10.1, the mixture is hermetically placed into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 24 hours, and the rotating speed of the ball mill is 250 r/min;
s3, compression molding: drying the mixture slurry in an electric heating drying oven at 70 ℃ for 10h, sieving the dried powder with an 80-mesh sieve, filling the metal ceramic particles into a cylindrical die by a compression molding method, and pressurizing under 150MPa to obtain a pressed blank;
s4, pre-sintering: vacuum degreasing the crush at 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10 h; continuously heating up to 810 ℃ and preserving heat for 2h, and cooling to room temperature after the presintering is finished to obtain a presintering stirring head;
s5, cutting: machining the pre-sintered stirring head by using a low-cobalt fine-particle alloy cutter according to the shape and size of the required stirring head structure;
s6, vacuum sintering: vacuum sintering molding is adopted, the pre-sintered stirring head obtained in the step S5 is sintered again, the sintering temperature is 1300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours, so that a sintered body is obtained;
s7, post-processing: and putting the sintered body in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, using argon as a fluid medium, gradually pressurizing to 60MPa, gradually heating to 1250 ℃, keeping for 2 hours, gradually reducing the pressure, and cooling along with the furnace.
The cermet stirring head prepared in this example was tested for properties, and had an average hardness of 91.5HRA and an average flexural strength of 1320 MPa.
Example 2
The invention provides a high-melting-point friction stir welding metal ceramic stirring head, which consists of a stirring needle (1) and a shaft shoulder (2), and an integrated forming method comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material preparation: weighing powder according to the proportion of 80 mass percent of TiC, 10 mass percent of Mo and 10 mass percent of Ni, and adding 2 mass percent of forming agent polyethylene glycol (PEG) to obtain a mixed raw material;
s2, ball milling and mixing: putting the mixture prepared by S1 into a stainless steel ball milling tank, adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol and ZrO2Grinding balls are used as media, and the ball material ratio is l 0: 1, sealing and putting the mixture into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 36 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200 r/min;
s3, compression molding: drying the mixture slurry in an electric heating drying oven at 80 ℃ for 8h, sieving the dried powder with a 100-mesh sieve, filling the metal ceramic particles into a cylindrical die by a compression molding method, and pressurizing at 200MPa to obtain a crush;
s4, pre-sintering: carrying out vacuum degreasing on the pressed compact at the temperature of 400 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is 6 h: continuously heating to 880 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, cooling to room temperature after the presintering is finished, and obtaining a presintering stirring head;
s5, cutting: machining the pre-sintered stirring head by using a low-cobalt fine-particle alloy cutter according to the shape and size of the required stirring head structure;
s6, vacuum sintering: vacuum sintering molding is adopted, the pre-sintered stirring head obtained in the step S5 is sintered again, the sintering temperature is 1500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h, so that a sintered body is obtained;
s7, post-processing: and putting the sintered body in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, using argon as a fluid medium, gradually pressurizing to 180MPa, gradually heating to 1400 ℃, keeping for 1h, gradually reducing the pressure, and cooling along with the furnace. The cermet stirring head prepared in this example was tested for properties, and had an average hardness of 92HRA and an average flexural strength of 1300 MPa.
Example 3
The invention provides a high-melting-point friction stir welding metal ceramic stirring head, which consists of a stirring needle (1) and a shaft shoulder (2), and an integrated forming method comprises the following steps:
sl., raw material preparation: weighing powder according to the proportion of TiC with the mass fraction of 90%, Mo with the mass fraction of 6% and Ni with the mass fraction of 4%, and adding forming agent polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the mass fraction of 2% to obtain a mixed raw material;
s2, ball milling and mixing: putting the mixture prepared by S1 into a stainless steel ball milling tank, adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol and ZrO2Grinding balls are used as media, and the ball material ratio is 10: 1, sealing and putting the mixture into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 36 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200 r/min;
s3, compression molding: drying the mixture slurry in an electric heating drying oven at 80 ℃ for 8h, sieving the dried powder with a 100-mesh sieve, filling the metal ceramic particles into a cylindrical die by a compression molding method, and pressurizing at 200MPa to obtain a crush;
s4, pre-sintering: vacuum degreasing the pressed compact at 400 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 6 h; continuously heating to 880 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, cooling to room temperature after the presintering is finished, and obtaining a presintering stirring head;
s5, cutting: machining the pre-sintered stirring head by using a low-cobalt fine-particle alloy cutter according to the shape and size of the required stirring head structure;
s6, vacuum sintering: vacuum sintering molding is adopted, the pre-sintered stirring head obtained in the step S5 is sintered again, the sintering temperature is 1450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours, so that a sintered body is obtained;
s7, post-processing: and putting the sintered body in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, using argon as a fluid medium, gradually pressurizing to 180MPa, gradually heating to 1400 ℃, keeping for 1h, gradually reducing the pressure, and cooling along with the furnace. The cermet stirring head prepared in this example was tested for properties, and had an average hardness of 93HRA and an average flexural strength of 1200 MPa.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A friction stir welding stirring head for a high-melting-point material comprises a stirring needle (1) and a shaft shoulder (2), and is integrally formed by mixed raw materials respectively comprising 75-90% of TiC, 6-15% of Mo and 4-10% of Ni in mass fraction; the integrated molding method comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material preparation: weighing powder according to the proportion of TiC- (Mo-Ni), and adding a forming agent polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the mass fraction of 1-2% to obtain a mixed raw material;
s2, ball milling and mixing: placing the mixture prepared by the Sl into a stainless steel ball milling tank, and adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol and ZrO2Grinding balls are used as media, and the ball material ratio is 10: 1, sealing and putting the mixture into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 24 to 36 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200 to 250 r/min;
s3, compression molding: drying and sieving the mixture slurry, filling the metal ceramic particles into a cylindrical die by using a compression molding method, and pressurizing to 150-250 MPa to obtain a green compact;
s4, pre-sintering: vacuum degreasing is carried out on the pressed compact at the temperature of 250-400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6-10 h; continuously heating to 810-880 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, cooling to room temperature after presintering is completed, and obtaining a presintering stirring head;
s5, cutting: machining the pre-sintering stirring head according to the required structural shape and size;
s6, vacuum sintering: vacuum sintering molding is adopted, the pre-sintered stirring head obtained in S5 is sintered again, the sintering temperature is 1300-1500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-l.5h, so that a sintered body is obtained;
s7, post-processing: and (3) putting the sintered body in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, using argon as a fluid medium, gradually pressurizing to 60-180 MPa, gradually heating to 1250-1400 ℃, keeping for 1-2 h, gradually decompressing, and cooling along with the furnace.
2. The high melting point material friction stir welding tool of claim 1, wherein: and S3, the drying and sieving treatment is to dry the powder in an electrothermal drying oven at 70-80 ℃ for 8h-l0h, and then sieve the dried powder with a sieve of 80-100 meshes.
3. The high melting point material friction stir welding tool of claim 1, wherein: in the cutting process of step S5, a low-cobalt fine-grained alloy tool is used.
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