CN107960171A - 一种提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法 Download PDF

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CN107960171A
CN107960171A CN201710618438.XA CN201710618438A CN107960171A CN 107960171 A CN107960171 A CN 107960171A CN 201710618438 A CN201710618438 A CN 201710618438A CN 107960171 A CN107960171 A CN 107960171A
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cistanche tubulosa
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贾存勤
陈小娟
贾存奎
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Gansu Hui Qin Biological Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,选择一年生的红柳树苗在每年春季或秋季栽植于荒漠化黄土中,施加腐殖土1000‑2000g/株,栽植密度为100‑350株/亩,栽植后及时浇水,保证成活率,红柳树苗生长至1.5米左右后进行管花肉苁蓉种子混合物的接种,并再次施加腐殖土500‑2000g/株,所述管花肉苁蓉种子混合物包括:经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子、蔗糖、L‑酪氨酸、L‑苯丙氨酸、薄荷粉末,浸种后阴干即得浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子。本发明所述的栽培方法中管花肉苁蓉种子的接种方法简单,可有效促进管花肉苁蓉种子的萌发,提高荒漠化黄土上人工种植管花肉苁蓉产量,提高了人工种植管花肉苁蓉中有效成分的含量。

Description

一种提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法
技术领域
本发明属于园艺领域,具体涉及一种用于提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法。
背景技术
管花肉苁蓉(Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)R.Wight),又名南疆大芸、红柳大芸、黑司令等,为列当科肉苁蓉属多年生寄生植物,常寄生于红柳属植物的根部,可生长至60-100cm,茎部入药,具有补精血、益肾壮阳、润肠通便的功效,常用于治疗男子阳痿、女子不孕、血崩、带下、腰膝冷痛、筋骨无力、血枯便秘等,有“沙漠人参”的美誉。现代药理研究表明,管花肉苁蓉具有提高肾功能、增强记忆力、抗老年痴呆症、抗衰老、抗疲劳和调节免疫功能等多方面的作用,已大量用于药品和保健产品。随着人民生活水平的提高和人口老龄化,肉苁蓉的市场需求量迅猛增加。但由于肉苁蓉的寄生特性,其自然繁育能力很低,加之长期大量、不合理的采挖,造成了野生肉苁蓉资源已经濒临枯竭,也严重破坏了沙漠、荒漠地区的生态环境,与全球气候环境的逐步恶化一起加剧了土地的荒漠化。
为了缓解肉苁蓉的供需矛盾,并同时改善荒漠化地区的环境,人工种植肉苁蓉在国内已进行了广泛有效的试验研究,虽然人们对于管花肉苁蓉的寄生机理已取得了清楚的认识,但在人工种植管花肉苁蓉时仍然面临着诸如接种效率低下,管花肉苁蓉产量和品质极不稳定,极大影响了管花肉苁蓉的药效和管花肉苁蓉人工种植的经济效益,使得人工种植管花肉苁蓉面临着与人工种植人参相似的窘境,不利于保持管花肉苁蓉的药效,也不利于推动荒漠化地区环境的治理,更不利于保持消费者对于人工种植肉苁蓉的认可。
针对人工种植管花肉苁蓉产量、品质不稳定的难题,本发明拟提供一种提高人工种植管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提高人工种植管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其包含以下步骤:
(1)寄主的栽植:选择一年生的红柳树苗在每年春季或秋季在荒漠化黄土上进行栽植,施加腐殖土1000-2000g/株,栽植密度为100-350株/亩,栽植及时进行浇水以保证红柳树苗的成活率;
(2)管花肉苁蓉的接种:红柳树苗生长至1.5米左右后进行管花肉苁蓉种子混合物的接种,接种时间为每年3月至4月或10月至11月,在距离红柳树根部50-100cm处开沟或挖坑,所述沟或坑的深度为30-90cm,每株施用管花肉苁蓉种子混合物40-100g,并再次施加腐殖土500-2000g/株;
优选的,所述红柳树苗的栽植密度为300株/亩;
所述管花肉苁蓉种子混合物包括:经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子、蔗糖、L-酪氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸及薄荷粉末;
所述浸种液为3-5mg/L的氟啶酮溶液;
所述浸种处理的步骤如下:筛选直径大于或等于0.6mm的管花肉苁蓉种子,使用3-5mg/L的氟啶酮溶液浸种12-36小时后,阴干即得经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子;
所述管花肉苁蓉种子混合物包括:经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子30-100粒,蔗糖50-80g、L-酪氨酸30-80g、L-苯丙氨酸30-80g,添加薄荷粉末至500g;
更优选的所述肉苁蓉种子混合物包括:经浸种液浸种处理的肉苁蓉种子80粒,蔗糖50g、L-酪氨酸50g、L-苯丙氨酸70g,添加薄荷粉末至500g。
所述沟或坑距红柳树苗根部60cm,所述沟或坑的深度为70cm。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明通过优化红柳树苗的栽植密度和栽植的时间、管花肉苁蓉种子的处理方法、接种的时间和管花肉苁蓉种子混合物的组成,简化了接种的步骤,并提高了所述管花肉苁蓉种子的萌发比例,提高了接种的成功率,即改善了荒漠化地区的生态环境,又显著提高了管花肉苁蓉的产量。
本发明通过筛选优化管花肉苁蓉种子混合物的组成,加入了蔗糖、L-酪氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸和薄荷粉末,在保证管花肉苁蓉种子萌发、生长所需营养物质的同时,还明显提高了管花肉苁蓉中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷的含量,尤其是薄荷粉末的加入,将人工种植管花肉苁蓉饮片中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷的含量均提高了4倍多,从而显著提高了人工种植管花肉苁蓉的品质,相应管花肉苁蓉饮片中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷的含量甚至明显高于野生管花肉苁蓉,从而有效提高了人工种植管花肉苁蓉的药效和经济效益,有利于提高消费者对于人工种植肉苁蓉的认可程度。
具体实施方式
在下文中更详细地描述了本发明以有助于对本发明的理解。
应当理解的是,在说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语或词语不应当理解为具有在字典中限定的含义,而应理解为在以下原则的基础上具有与其在本发明上下文中的含义一致的含义:术语的概念可以适当地由发明人为了对本发明的最佳说明而限定。
实施例1:不同栽培方法对管花肉苁蓉产量和管花肉苁蓉中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷含量的影响
1.1、栽培方法:
(1)寄主的栽植:选择一年生的红柳树苗在每年春季在荒漠化黄土上进行栽植,共栽植3亩,分为三组,依次为实验组、对照组1、对照组2,每株施加腐殖土1000g,栽植密度均为300株/亩,栽植及时进行浇水以保证红柳树苗的成活率;
(2)管花肉苁蓉的接种:红柳树苗生长至1.5米左右后进行管花肉苁蓉种子混合物的接种,接种时间为3月,在距离红柳树根部60cm处开沟,所述沟的深度为70cm,每株红柳树施加肉苁蓉种子混合物100g,并再次施加腐殖土1000g;
所述浸种液为5mg/L的氟啶酮溶液;
所述浸种处理的步骤如下:筛选直径大于或等于0.6mm的管花肉苁蓉种子,使用5mg/L的氟啶酮溶液浸种24小时后,阴干即得经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子;
所述管花肉苁蓉种子混合物组成如下:
实验组:经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子80粒,蔗糖50g、L-酪氨酸50g、L-苯丙氨酸70g,添加薄荷粉末至500g,混合均匀后即得;
对照组1:经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子80粒,蔗糖50g、L-酪氨酸50g、L-苯丙氨酸70g,添加腐殖土至500g,混合均匀后即得;
对照组2:经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子80粒,添加腐殖土至500g,混合均匀后即得。
接种管花肉苁蓉后三组均进行常规的田间管理,所述田间管理包括病虫害防治、及时补充水分、红柳树栽植未成功的及时进行补苗和补接种,所述补苗与补接种步骤与前述栽植和接种方法相同。
1.2采收与炮制
接种三年后于4-5月份计算各组剩余红柳树的数量,并采收管花肉苁蓉,计算接种后第三年实验组、对照组1、对照组2的管花肉苁蓉产量,采收后的管花肉苁蓉均切成4mm厚片,70℃杀酶6分钟后晒干得管花肉苁蓉饮片。
1.3管花肉苁蓉饮片中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷含量的测定
使用HPLC同时测量三组管花肉苁蓉饮片中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷含量,所述测量方法如下:
对照品溶液的制备:
精密称取松果菊苷和毛蕊花糖苷对照品,加流动相分别制成0.12mg/mL的松果菊苷溶液和0.18mg/mL的毛蕊花糖苷溶液。
管花肉苁蓉溶液的制备:
分别取实验组、对照组1、对照组2管花肉苁蓉饮品各1g,粉碎后过6号筛,加入流动相50mL后称重,超声处理30分钟,浸泡1h,再次超声处理30分钟,再次称重后,使用流动相补足减少的重量后摇匀,离心,取上清液,使用0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤即得实验组、对照组1和对照组2肉苁蓉溶液。
HPLC检测的色谱条件:
使用YMC-Pack ODS-A(4.6mm×250mm,5μm,YMC Co,Ltd,Japan)色谱柱,流动相为10:15:72的CH3CN-MeOH-1%HAc,检测波长为334nm,流速为0.7mL/min,柱温30℃,理论塔板数按照松果菊苷和毛蕊花糖苷峰计算均不低于5000。
1.4实验结果
1.4.1栽培方法对肉苁蓉产量的影响
实验组、对照组1、对照组2在接种后第三年成活红柳树的数量及管花肉苁蓉产量见表1。
表1,不同栽培方法对管花肉苁蓉产量的影响
组别 红柳树数量(株) 管花肉苁蓉产量(Kg)
实验组 231 45.8
对照组1 227 40.7
对照组2 239 44.6
表1实验结果显示了三组栽培方法中在荒漠化黄土上栽植的红柳树均取得了较高的成活率,且三组管花肉苁蓉在接种后第三年的亩产量均超过了40Kg,表明了本发明的栽培方法有效提高了荒漠化黄土土壤的管花肉苁蓉的产量,三组中红柳树的成活率均较高,且差别不大,实验组管花肉苁蓉的产量最高。
1.4.2不同栽培方法对管花肉苁蓉中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷含量的影响
不同栽培方法对于管花肉苁蓉中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷含量影响的结果见表2。
表2,不同栽培方法对管花肉苁蓉中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷含量的影响
组别 松果菊苷含量(%) 毛蕊花糖苷含量(%)
实验组 41.33 5.92
对照组1 22.96 2.39
对照组2 7.89 1.09
表2的实验结果显示了管花肉苁蓉种子混合物的组成对于管花肉苁蓉中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷含量具有显著的影响,仅在管花肉苁蓉种子中添加腐殖土的对照组2,虽然管花肉苁蓉的最终产量与其他组区别不大,但该栽培方法所获得的管花肉苁蓉饮片中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷含量均较低,所得管花肉苁蓉饮片的品质不佳。
在管花肉苁蓉种子混合物中添加蔗糖、L-酪氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸和腐殖土的对照组1,管花肉苁蓉的产量并未受到明显影响,而管花肉苁蓉饮品中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷含量获得了明显提高,其中松果菊苷的含量提高了将近3倍,毛蕊花糖苷的含量也提高了1倍还多,表明了在管花肉苁蓉种子混合物中添加蔗糖、L-酪氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸的混合物后可显著提高人工种植管花肉苁蓉饮品中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷的含量,提升了人工种植肉管花苁蓉的品质。
而在管花肉苁蓉种子混合物中添加蔗糖、L-酪氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸和薄荷粉末的实验组的管花肉苁蓉产量高于对照组1和对照组2,且该方法所得的管花肉苁蓉饮片中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷的含量更是取得了预料不到的显著提升,其中松果菊苷的含量相对于肉苁蓉种子混合物中仅添加腐殖土的对照组2提高了4倍还多,相对于管花肉苁蓉种子混合物中添加蔗糖、L-酪氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸和腐殖土的对照组1也提高了将近1倍,而毛蕊花糖苷的含量相对于对照组2、对照组1分别提高了4倍多和1倍多。
表2的实验结果充分显示了按照本发明栽培方法所得的管花肉苁蓉饮片中松果菊苷和毛蕊花糖苷获得了预料不到的显著提高,相应成分的含量甚至还明显高于野生管花肉苁蓉,因此,本申请栽培方法在提高了人工种植管花肉苁蓉产量的同时,显著提升了人工种植管花肉苁蓉的品质,具有巨大的社会效益和经济效益,有利于提高人工种植管花肉苁蓉的药效,提高消费者对于人工种植肉苁蓉的接受程度,适于在沙漠和荒漠化地区的广泛推广。
以上描述了本发明优选实施方式,然其并非用以限定本发明。本领域技术人员对在此公开的实施方案可进行并不偏离本发明范畴和精神的改进和变化。

Claims (9)

1.一种提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)寄主的栽植:选择一年生红柳树苗在每年春季或秋季在荒漠化黄土上进行栽植,施加腐殖土1000-2000g/株,栽植密度为100-350株/亩,栽植及时进行浇水以保证红柳树苗的成活率;
(2)管花肉苁蓉的接种:红柳树苗生长至1.5米左右后进行管花肉苁蓉种子混合物的接种,接种时间为每年3月至4月或10月至11月,在距离红柳树根部50-100cm处开沟或挖坑,所述沟或坑的深度为30-90cm,每株施用管花肉苁蓉种子混合物40-100g,并再次施加腐殖土500-2000g/株;
所述管花肉苁蓉种子混合物包括:经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子、蔗糖、L-酪氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸及薄荷粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述肉管花苁蓉种子混合物包括:经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子30-100粒,蔗糖50-80g、L-酪氨酸30-80g、L-苯丙氨酸30-80g,添加薄荷粉末至500g。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述管花肉苁蓉种子混合物包括:经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子80粒,蔗糖50g、L-酪氨酸50g、L-苯丙氨酸70g,添加薄荷粉末至500g。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述红柳树苗的栽植密度为300株/亩。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述浸种液为3-5mg/L的氟啶酮溶液。
6.根据权利要求5述的提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述浸种液为5mg/L的氟啶酮溶液。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述浸种处理的步骤如下:筛选直径大于或等于0.6mm的管花肉苁蓉种子,使用3-5mg/L的氟啶酮溶液浸种12-36小时后,阴干即得经浸种液浸种处理的管花肉苁蓉种子。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中施加腐殖土1000g/株;步骤(2)中每株施用管花肉苁蓉种子混合物100g,并再次施加腐殖土1000g/株。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的提高管花肉苁蓉产量和品质的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述沟或坑距红柳树苗根部60cm,所述沟或坑的深度为70cm。
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