CN107959542A - A kind of high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of Embedded chip security test and appraisal - Google Patents
A kind of high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of Embedded chip security test and appraisal Download PDFInfo
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- CN107959542A CN107959542A CN201711235029.8A CN201711235029A CN107959542A CN 107959542 A CN107959542 A CN 107959542A CN 201711235029 A CN201711235029 A CN 201711235029A CN 107959542 A CN107959542 A CN 107959542A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/60—Jamming involving special techniques
- H04K3/62—Jamming involving special techniques by exposing communication, processing or storing systems to electromagnetic wave radiation, e.g. causing disturbance, disruption or damage of electronic circuits, or causing external injection of faults in the information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0863—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving passwords or one-time passwords
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2218/00—Aspects of pattern recognition specially adapted for signal processing
- G06F2218/02—Preprocessing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2218/00—Aspects of pattern recognition specially adapted for signal processing
- G06F2218/08—Feature extraction
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Storage Device Security (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of Embedded chip security test and appraisal, belong to cyberspace security fields.Structure carries out the signal amplification circuit of side channel electromagnetic attack for the encryption device of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip first；The filter circuit of side channel electromagnetic attack is carried out for the encryption device of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip；Then electromagnetism acquisition probe is used, probe is placed on the surface of chip just at work, electromagnetic signal when acquisition chip works.By the high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of probe signal access design.The electromagnetic signal after high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module is finally stored, then carries out cracking for key by way of simple energy attack.The present invention is advantageously implemented the extraction of characteristic signal in side-channel attack；The position of cryptographic algorithm can be intuitively analyzed at the same time, so as to help positioning embedded equipment to perform the encryption section of cryptographic algorithm, advantage is provided to carry out EMP attack N.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of Embedded chip security test and appraisal, belong to network
Space safety field.
Technical background
As Internet of Things and mobile Internet enter into the life of masses, its huge market prospect has expedited the emergence of embedded device
High speed development again, embedded device also occupies certain share in Internet of Things and mobile internet device.Millet, pleasure
The product of oneself is all proposed depending on domestic manufacturers such as, Huawei, and it is desirable that is shown one's talent in the tide of " internet+".Huawei is
Through completing intelligent meter data recording, intelligent parking system with multiple operators in co-operation.The companies such as millet, LeEco are proposed TV box respectively
Son, usually all includes the secret informations such as the privacy of user in embedded device, since will be initiated comprising secret information hacker
Attack to obtain the secret information of user, the security for these embedded devices of testing and assessing is also more and more important.
The information safety system that embedded device uses mainly protects privacy of user by cryptographic algorithm, in a password
In system, equivalent in plain text, sender sends in plain text to recipient privacy of user, in order to ensure the confidentiality of plaintext, using adding
The plaintext of transmission is encrypted close device, and obtained ciphertext passes to recipient, and recipient is needed with decryption after receiving ciphertext
Device is decrypted ciphertext and obtains in plain text.The encryption of information, the process of decryption are mainly together decided on by cryptographic algorithm and key,
According to Cork Hough principle, the generally disclosed mathematical algorithm of cryptographic algorithm, and key is then that user is privately owned, both are mutual
With reference to, it is ensured that the reliability of message and the security with transmission.
It is often the chip built in one that encryption and decryption functions are realized in embedded device, and chip is carrying out the process of encryption and decryption
In inevitably reveal the physical messages such as power consumption, electromagnetic radiation, sound, these information become bypass message.Attacker is led to
Electromagnetic signal, power consumption information of the collection cryptographic algorithm in encryption process are crossed, and combines bright ciphertext data and carries out statistical analysis
With regard to key can be recovered.This attack method using bypass message analysis cryptographic algorithm leakage is known as side Multiple Channel Analysis, at present
The method of common side channel energy attack mainly has simple energy attack, EMP attack N etc..
Domestic existing side channelization codes analysis and research are mostly based on chip card or FPGA.Radio-frequency card is at work by Card Reader
The characteristics of device produces the electromagnetic signal of 13.56MHz, and the electromagnetic signal frequency of fpga chip depends on design module, these chips
It is that electromagnetic signal frequency is relatively low, but the chip carried on existing embedded device has all reached up to a hundred megahertzs, mobile phone vendor
Business such as Huawei, Samsung, apple, the electromagnetic signal that the chip that carries produces on the mobile phone of these cell phone manufacturers production is even up to
More than 1GHz.Therefore, the high-frequency signal for efficiently extracting chip is the difficult point of emi analysis, and implements one of EMP attack N
Premise.Meanwhile high-frequency electromagnetic signal extraction quality the efficiency of EMP attack N is served it is key.
In the EMP attack N for high frequency chip, collect with key related operations be the attack of side channel electromagnetic pass
Key.And the electromagnetic signal collected can be subject to the dry of the factor such as measuring instrument and the various amplitudes of chip internal and phase noise
Disturb, cause the useful electromagnetic signal of collection to be blanked, it is therefore desirable to pre-process, subtract to electromagnetic signal by certain means
Few significantly influence of the noise to useful electromagnetic signal.When gathering high-frequency electromagnetic signal using electromagnetic probe, the step of most critical
Suddenly it is the processing to electromagnetic signal, the means of signal processing are broadly divided into amplification and filtering to signal.Due to collection electromagnetism letter
Number signal do not reach calculating and require, so processing should be amplified to electromagnetic signal, but handled in amplification electromagnetic signal
Noise while region in waveform can be also exaggerated at the same time, it should so that while amplification electromagnetic signal processing region as far as possible
Substantially reduce noise.The frequency of electromagnetic signal processing region reaches 1GHz, but due to containing other noises in air, noise may
From equipment such as computer, mobile phone, oscillographs, so noise should be filtered out as far as possible.In order to cut down electromagnetic signal less as far as possible
The signal of processing region to be amplified, selects low-pass filtering.In order to meet the requirement of amplification factor and low-pass filtering, in modelled signal
Reduce the noise that device produces in itself during processing unit to the greatest extent.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of Embedded chip security test and appraisal, solves
Electromagnetic signal process problem in embedded chip security evaluation.High-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module is broadly divided into two modules：
Module one is the signal amplification electricity for the encryption device progress side channel electromagnetic attack of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip
Road；Module two is the filter circuit for the encryption device progress side channel electromagnetic attack of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip.Module one
Function be the original electromagnetic signal that collects of amplification；The function of module two is to filter amplified electromagnetic signal, high-frequency signal
After the processing of the two modules, calculating requirement of the side channel electromagnetic attack to signal can be basically reached.The two modules
Operation principle be described in detail as follows：
(1) signal amplification circuit of side channel electromagnetic attack is carried out for the encryption device of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip
Because the characteristics of scale operation negative-feedback circuit in the same direction is that input resistance is high, output resistance is small, load capacity is strong, institute
Can meet the requirement of electromagnetic signal amplification using scale operation negative-feedback circuit in the same direction.The calculating of scaling circuit in the same direction
Formula is (1), (2).Wherein V0It is to export, VSIt is to input, V0/VSIt is amplification factor.Reverse input end crosses resistance R1Ground connection.Signal
Voltage Vs is added to the noninverting input of amplifier, output voltage V by resistance Rs0Pass through resistance R1、RfThe anti-of amplifier is fed back to
To input terminal, composition is series voltage negtive backword amplifying circuit.
(2) filter circuit of side channel electromagnetic attack is carried out for the encryption device of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip
The cut-off angular frequency calculation formula (3) of wave filter to be designed, (4), (5), on the one hand, obtain wave filter to be designed and cut
Angle till frequency and the ratio M of benchmark angular frequency；On the other hand, with all component values in this ratio M removal wave filters in terms of
Calculate required parameter.Wherein M is coefficient, L(base)It is benchmark inductance value, Lm(new)Be through angular frequency convert inductance value, C(base)
It is reference capacitance value, Cm(new)It is the capacitance converted through angular frequency.
The characteristic impedance calculation formula of wave filter to be designed is shown in (6), (7), (8), on the one hand, it is special to obtain wave filter to be designed
Levy the ratio K of impedance and reference filter characteristic impedance；On the other hand, it is multiplied by with this ratio K all in reference filter
Inductive component values L, with this ratio K remove in reference filter all capacity cell value C to calculate required parameter.Wherein K is
Coefficient, L(base)It is benchmark inductance value, Lk(new)It is the inductance value after characteristic impedance converts, C(base)It is reference capacitance value,
Ck(new)It is the capacitance converted by characteristic impedance.
For the value of Passive LC filter capacitor inductance to be designed, its calculation formula is formula (9), (10).Its
Middle M, K, L(base)、C(base)It is same as described above, L(new)And C(new)It is the value of filter capacitor and inductance to be designed.
Lk(new)=L(base)·K (7)
The technology of the present invention realizes that one is divided into five steps：
Step 1：Structure carries out the signal amplification of side channel electromagnetic attack for the encryption device of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip
Circuit, is known as module one.
Step 2：The filter circuit of side channel electromagnetic attack is carried out for the encryption device of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip, is claimed
For module two.
Step 3：Using electromagnetism acquisition probe, probe is placed on the surface of chip just at work, acquisition chip work
When electromagnetic signal.
Step 4：By the high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of probe signal access design.Module one is first passed around, to collection
To electromagnetic signal be amplified processing.Processing Jing Guo module two again, obtain it is filtered after electromagnetic signal.
Step 5：The electromagnetic signal after high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module is stored, is then attacked by simple energy
Mode carry out cracking for key.
The electromagnetic signal waveform of public key algorithm rsa encryption is collected using high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module, to adopting
The signal collected carries out digital filtering, after Digital Filter Analysis, filters out most non-effective electromagnetic signal.
Beneficial effect
It is emerging that the module can efficiently, directly, immediately handle safety determination personnel sense in embedded chip operational process
The electromagnetic signal of interest, and noise is smaller, is advantageously implemented the extraction to characteristic signal in side-channel attack；At the same time can be intuitively
The position of cryptographic algorithm is analyzed, so as to help positioning embedded equipment to perform the encryption section of cryptographic algorithm, is attacked to carry out electromagnetism
Offer advantage is provided.The module is easily achieved, using simplicity, after collecting the waveform signal after the resume module, only need through
Simple digital processing is crossed, the key using only a waveform with regard to energy instant recovery RSA Algorithm whole.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is EMP attack N schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is scaling circuit figure in the same direction；
Fig. 3 is normalization LC low-pass filters；
Fig. 4 is the high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module circuit diagram of design；
Fig. 5 is for certain embedded device high-frequency electromagnetic signal treatment effect figure；
Fig. 6 is original electromagnetic signal processing position；
Fig. 7 is high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing position；
Fig. 8 reveals position for cryptographic algorithm；
Fig. 9 is RSA electromagnetic waveforms；
Figure 10 reveals for RSA key；
Figure 11 recovers for RSA key.
Embodiment
With reference to attached drawing, below we by taking the RSA cryptographic algorithms in the OpenSSL algorithms libraries loaded on BBB development boards as an example
To illustrate technical scheme.As shown in Figure 1, the process for implementing the attack of side channel electromagnetic is as follows：
1st, using electromagnetism acquisition probe, probe is placed on the surface of chip just at work, when acquisition chip works
Electromagnetic signal.
2nd, by the high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of probe signal access design.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module, and signal amplification circuit and filter circuit are contained in the figure.
As shown in fig. 6, since the original electromagnetic wave signal peak-to-peak value collected is smaller, it is 10 to choose amplified signal multiple
Times, the signal peak-to-peak value after amplifying is about 200mV, frequency be 50MHz, it is necessary to gain bandwidth product be 500MHz, slew rate
For 62.83V/us, and reduce the interference of circuit in itself to the greatest extent while amplified signal.In signal amplification circuit design, we
The scaling circuit in the same direction for having selected two level to amplify, such as Fig. 2, uses direct-coupling between level, because the increasing of general amplifying circuit
Benefit is smaller, and input impedance is bigger, so first order amplification factor takes 2, second level amplifying circuit amplification factor is 5.Computing is put
The power pins of big device two capacitances in parallel arrive ground level because the ceramic electrical of 0.1uF have less series inductance with it is preferable
High frequency performance, so lower impedance can be provided in high band；And the tantalum electrolytic capacitor of 10uF can low-frequency range provide compared with
Low AC impedance, and anti-surge is good, so the capacitance of one 10uF of parallel connection.
The design principle of filter circuit be normalization low-pass filter, using the normalization LPF design datas of Butterworth as
Reference filter, according to normalized LC low pass filter designs method, characteristic impedance be 1 Europe and cutoff frequency be 1/2 π=
Benchmark inductance, the capacitance of 0.159Hz by its cutoff frequency and characteristic impedance as shown in figure 3, be transformed to wave filter to be designed
Analog value.Because the gain of four-step filter is declined in intermediate zone with -80dB/sec speed, selecting frequency characteristic is fine, so
Filtering part is filtered using passive quadravalence LC, and characteristic impedance is 50 Europe, and the resistance in 48.7 Europe is concatenated before LC wave filters,
The output impedance of amplifier is 1 Europe or so.High-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module circuit diagram is as shown in Figure 4.
3rd, electromagnetic signal of the storage after high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module carries out the broken of key by way of SPA
Solution.
Using near field probes Langer MFA-R, oscillograph Lecory 610Zi to the OpenSSL that is loaded on BBB development boards
The RSA cryptographic algorithms of algorithms library carry out actual electromagnetic signal acquisition, and the software for analyzing RSA is realized.Fig. 5 is cryptographic algorithm leakage
Signal processing comparative analysis figure, Fig. 5 (left side) are original electromagnetic signal waveforms, and Fig. 5 (right side) is by high-frequency electromagnetic signal module
Electromagnetic waveforms.Electromagnetic wave curve ratio original waveform as seen from Figure 5 after high-frequency electromagnetic signal process circuit is apparent, and makes an uproar
Sound is smaller, more can intuitively analyze the position of cryptographic algorithm, this explanation high-frequency electromagnetic processing module has reached processing insertion
The requirement of formula development board high-frequency signal.
The waveform that the collection of high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing unit is not used fills as shown in fig. 6, being handled by high-frequency electromagnetic signal
It is as shown in Figure 7 to put the waveform gathered after processing.Since high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing unit is being inputted before oscillograph just to letter
The operation such as number it is amplified, filters, therefore the Signal-to-Noise collected meets the requirement for implementing attack.Clearly, locate
Signal waveform after reason becomes apparent from, and attacker can be made to be easier to search out the leakage position of cryptographic algorithm.Can be very clear in Fig. 8
The waveform accessed by high frequency signals device in oscillograph is distinguished by Chu, and in left figure square or the operation number that multiplies is 19
A, in right figure square or the number of operation that multiplies is 24.
The high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of Fig. 4 is realized on the basis of schematic diagram 2 and 3, using high-frequency electromagnetic signal
The electromagnetic signal waveform that processing module collects rsa encryption is as shown in Figure 9, it can be seen that one section of waveform of more rule is probably
Rsa encryption operates.Due to electromagnetic signal input before oscillograph just used high-frequency electromagnetic signal experimental provision carry out signal at
Reason, so the Signal-to-Noise collected meets the leakage of analysis cryptographic algorithm and implements the requirement of attack.But the signal in Fig. 9
Also it is not enough to realize that the SPA for rsa encryption is attacked, so digital filtering is carried out to the signal collected, by digital filtering
After analysis, most non-effective electromagnetic signal is filtered out, most of useful signal is contained in Figure 10.Further analysis chart
10, can distinguish the realization of RSA softwares square multiplies operation, and as shown in figure 11, recovery key completely goes out, key key=
1111011101111B。
Since different pcb board material is different, and there are the reason of stray inductance, institute when capacitance is connected with bottom line
Only can slightly it be adjusted for actual circuit as reference with each component value of the design.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that
The important step of side-channel attack is the extraction to useful signal, therefore will affect key to the signal processing in electromagnetic signal
The success or failure of extraction.Method and module of the present invention are not limited to the embodiment described in embodiment, tool above
Body description is intended merely to explain the purpose of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.Those skilled in the art are according to the present invention
Technical solution draws other embodiments, also belongs to the technological innovation scope of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is by weighing
Profit requires and its equivalent limits.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of Embedded chip security test and appraisal, it is characterised in that：Step 1：Structure carries out the signal amplification electricity of side channel electromagnetic attack for the encryption device of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip Road, is known as module one；Step 2：The filter circuit of side channel electromagnetic attack is carried out for the encryption device of high-frequency electromagnetic signal chip, is known as mould Block two；Step 3：Using electromagnetism acquisition probe, probe is placed on the surface of chip just at work, when acquisition chip works Electromagnetic signal；Step 4：By the high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module of probe signal access design；Module one is first passed around, to what is collected Electromagnetic signal is amplified processing；Processing Jing Guo module two again, obtain it is filtered after electromagnetic signal；Step 5：The electromagnetic signal after high-frequency electromagnetic signal processing module is stored, the side then attacked by simple energy Formula carries out cracking for key.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110768779A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-02-07 | 哈尔滨安天科技集团股份有限公司 | Chip power supply circuit for preventing side channel information leakage |
| CN111351992A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-30 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Chip security assessment method based on electromagnetic side channel analysis and related device |
| CN114062749A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-18 | 南京理工大学 | Multichannel bypass signal acquisition system |
| CN115664633A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-01-31 | 飞腾信息技术有限公司 | Waveform processing method and device |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110768779A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-02-07 | 哈尔滨安天科技集团股份有限公司 | Chip power supply circuit for preventing side channel information leakage |
| CN111351992A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-30 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Chip security assessment method based on electromagnetic side channel analysis and related device |
| CN111351992B (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2022-08-02 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Chip security assessment method based on electromagnetic side channel analysis and related device |
| CN114062749A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-18 | 南京理工大学 | Multichannel bypass signal acquisition system |
| CN115664633A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-01-31 | 飞腾信息技术有限公司 | Waveform processing method and device |
| CN115664633B (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-03-21 | 飞腾信息技术有限公司 | Waveform processing method and device |
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Application publication date: 20180424 |