CN107957490A - The experimental provision and application method of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater - Google Patents

The experimental provision and application method of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater Download PDF

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CN107957490A
CN107957490A CN201711147898.5A CN201711147898A CN107957490A CN 107957490 A CN107957490 A CN 107957490A CN 201711147898 A CN201711147898 A CN 201711147898A CN 107957490 A CN107957490 A CN 107957490A
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micro
cylinder mould
plastics
seawater
bearing system
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CN107957490B (en
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孙雪梅
陈碧鹃
夏斌
李秋芬
张艳
朱琳
赵信国
曲克明
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/44Resins; Plastics; Rubber; Leather
    • G01N33/442Resins; Plastics

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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of experimental provision and application method of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater, belongs to marine environment field, it includes anchoring system, bearing system, ballasting system and collection system;Anchoring system connects bearing system, and ballasting system is connected to above bearing system;Collection system is used to collect the sample obtained;The present invention is by building the experiment condition consistent with the environmental parameter such as nature seawater water Inversion phenomenon, pH and nutritive salt, carry out experiment in situ, the shortcomings that overcoming field investigation and collect micro- plastic material, the uncertainty and complexity of shapes and sizes, and being difficult to reduce true marine environment under laboratory condition.Meanwhile the ballasting system in the device realizes the automatic of bearing system and floats and sink, and facilitates the dispensing and collection of sample.In addition, operational coordination is good on collection system ship, collect quickly, the application of this law invention device is the micro- plastics ecological niche architectural feature of analysis, and its provides important leverage with envirment factor correlation.

Description

The experimental provision and application method of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater
Technical field
The invention belongs to marine environment field, the experiment more particularly to a kind of micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater fills Put and application method.
Background technology
Global problem of the plastic pollution as the getting worse that threatens to marine organisms, has caused the pole of researcher Big concern, it is considered as the important emerging threats of World Environment protection problem.According to big in first united nations environment Issued when can open two parts reports, the overall financial loss in marine ecosystems caused by the presence of plastics, conservative estimation Annual 13000000000 dollars.Although plastic pollution has caused international concern, on the especially micro- plastics of plastics in marine environment The understanding of behavior still developing.Researcher once pointed out that plastic flakes were one kind that structure of community is most abundant in the fragment of ocean.Mesh Preceding discovery marine bacteria, which includes some ocean pathogens (vibrios etc.), can be attached on micro- plastics, and constantly breeding forms one " baton round " (Plastisphere), the organism by food chain transport to higher trophic level, to the marine organisms even mankind Damage, therefore it is to study the important prerequisite of micro- plastic biologic poisonous effect to make micro- plastics niche characteristics clear, and it is micro- A highly important research direction in the research of plastics ecological toxicology.
In the semiclosed environment at harbour, researcher only observes the formation of microbial biofilm, Zhi Houxi once week Bacterium richness increases, and with the increase of bacterial biomass, the classification composition of bacterium gradually changes.In addition, research also emphasizes The characteristic that baton round biological community structure forms the mainly season with sampling, geographical location and plastics is related.At present on micro- The research of biological community structure is all based on the research in terms of field sampling investigation on plastics, and on-site collection field investigation is adopted Collect micro- plastic sample diversity and asynchronism caused by analysis of Niche complexity and uncertainty, it is difficult to analyzing influence The leading environment factor of micro- plastics niche characteristics.At present, the experimental provision on the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater exists The domestic development there has been no related work, foreign countries do not have relevant report yet.The micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater of the present invention Experimental provision and its application method, by build and nature seawater water temperature, salt all, the marine environment such as PH, dissolved oxygen, nutritive salt joins The consistent experiment condition of number, using anchoring system, bearing system, vessel ballast system and collection system, ensures micro- plastics normal Come into full contact with ocean current environment with marine microorganism, realize its enrichment to marine microorganism, form stable ecology Position, then various protokaryons and Eukaryotic distribution and enrichment condition in the micro- plastics ecological niche of real time sample analysis, realize phase The synchronous of the micro- plastics of same type is launched and analysis in real time, and for post analysis influence the main environments of micro- plastics niche characteristics because Element provides possibility.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the experimental provision for providing a kind of micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater And application method, realize that the in situ of micro- plastics ecological niche is investigated in marine environment using apparatus of the present invention.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater, it includes anchoring system, bearing system, ballast system System and collection system;Anchoring system connects bearing system, and ballasting system is connected to above bearing system;Collection system is used to collect The sample of acquisition;
The anchoring system includes anchor, anchor chain and rope, and anchor chain both ends connect anchor and rope, rope connection carrying system respectively System;
The bearing system includes outer cylinder mould and interior cylinder mould;Interior cylinder mould is placed in outer cylinder mould;
The ballasting system includes an organic glass seal box being connected to above bearing system, organic glass seal box Inlet valve and drain valve are equipped with, oxygen cylinder, solenoid valve, the first electric wire, control panel and are provided with organic glass seal box Two electric wires, organic glass seal box are provided outside the electromagnetic switch of connection buoy, and solenoid valve is fixed at the gas outlet of oxygen cylinder, By the opening and closing of electromagnetic switch control oxygen cylinder gas outlet, the first electric wire connection solenoid valve and control panel, the connection of second electric wire one end Control panel, other end connection electromagnetic switch, opening or closing by electromagnetic switch, assists bearing system to float or sink.
As an optimization, the outer cylinder mould is a 80cm × 60cm × 60cm rectangle stainless steel cylinder moulds, and outer cylinder mould aperture is 6cm, rectangle are equipped with the veil door for being capable of free-open-close outside above cylinder mould;The interior cylinder mould is cylinder made of stainless steel material Type cylinder mould, the interior a diameter of 8cm of cylinder mould, the interior a height of 15cm of cylinder mould, interior cylinder mould aperture is 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm or 5mm, in interior cylinder mould Outside be also equipped with a lid for being capable of free-open-close.
As an optimization, the specification of the organic glass seal box is long 80cm, wide 60cm, high 60cm.
As an optimization, the collection system includes support plate, collecting net, collects rack and supporting rack;Supporting rack is round platform Type stainless steel frame, supporting rack base diameter 30cm, supporting rack top diameter 10cm, high 30cm, supporting rack inner upper end has oblique Downward stainless steel bracing plate, support plate play the role of cylinder mould in support when collecting sample;It is provided with supporting rack stainless Steel collects rack, and collection rack is cylindrical type, and collecting net, which is freely placed at, to be collected on rack, and the aperture of collecting net is 0.2mm.
The present invention also provides the application method of the experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of above-mentioned seawater, it include with Lower step:
(1) the interior cylinder mould of bearing system is opened, micro- plastics of the different-grain diameter to be studied and material are launched respectively In interior cylinder mould, the lid of interior cylinder mould is then shut, the net door of the outer cylinder mould of rectangle is opened, cylinder mould in cylinder is launched to rectangle outer net In cage, outer cylinder mould net door is closed;
(2) bearing system and ballasting system are fixed near Sea Area Survey erect-position using anchor, anchor chain and rope;
(3) inlet valve of ballasting system is opened, outlet valve is closed, sea is poured into the organic glass seal box of ballasting system Water, immerses seawater underwater 0.4-0.6m by bearing system under the pressure effect of ballasting system, stops sealing to organic glass Case is poured water, and closes inlet valve, starts the experiment in situ of micro- plastics Study on Niche;
(4) the design sample time is needed according to experiment, when collecting sample, presses the electromagnetic switch of connection buoy, electricity first Magnetic signal is input on solenoid valve by the control panel in ballasting system, after solenoid valve receives signal, opens gas cylinder, oxygen cylinder Oxygen is discharged, increases the buoyancy of ballasting system, bearing system is emerged;Then, the net door of outer cylinder mould side is opened, is taken out Interior cylinder mould;Shut outer cylinder mould net behind the door, open inlet valve and continue to sink under the water bearing system 0.4-0.6m, then shut into water Valve, continues experiment in situ;After repeatedly, organic glass seal box is full of by seawater and oxygen, need to open outlet valve Seawater in organic glass seal box and gas are discharged, oxygen cylinder is replaced, is then shut off outlet valve, then reopen into water Valve, bearing system is pressed under water, continues subsequent experimental;
(5) lid of cylinder mould, collects micro- plastics in opening;First, collecting net is routed to and collected on rack, pressed from both sides with clip Firmly, the lid of cylinder mould side in then opening, in the support plate for the stainless steel bracing frame for being placed on collection system, with mistake in advance The clean sea water filtered, in flushing on the outside of cylinder mould, under flow action, micro- plastics in interior cylinder mould are washed into rapidly collecting net In, then collecting net net bottom is cut, the micro- plastics that will accumulate in collecting net net bottom are put into togerther jelly together with the collecting net cut Deposit pipe, after good seal, mark is finished writing on cryopreservation tube, be put into that liquid nitrogen container is quick-frozen rapidly, micro- plastic sample of collection is taken back into reality Test room and carry out biological analysis;
(6) while collecting sample, the water quality characteristic that micro- plastics launch area, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity are monitored, And collect certain volume water sample and take back laboratory progress nutrient concentrations analysis, by surveyed water quality index and the micro- plastics of different type In biological characteristic analysis result be combined, carry out the response point of micro- plastics ecological niche architectural feature and culture zone envirment factor Analysis, calculates the correlation of micro- plastic type and envirment factor and micro- plastics ecological niche architectural feature, determines to influence its structure spy The leading factor of sign.
The micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study experimental provision of seawater of the present invention and its application method, pass through and build and nature seawater The consistent experiment condition of the environmental parameter such as water Inversion phenomenon, pH and nutritive salt, utilizes anchoring system, bearing system and ballasting system Different types of micro- plastics are placed in marine environment, carry out experiment in situ, ensure that determining for research object and study condition Property, the uniformity of experimental period, overcome field investigation collect micro- plastic material, shapes and sizes it is uncertain and complicated, And the shortcomings that being difficult to reduce true marine environment under laboratory condition.Meanwhile the ballasting system in the device realizes carrying The automatic of system floats and sinks, and facilitates the dispensing and collection of sample.In addition, interior cylinder mould is firmly supported at branch by collection system On support, the shortcomings that operational coordination is bad on ship is overcome, realizes the quick collection of micro- plastic sample, this device in situ Application to analyze micro- plastics niche characteristics, and its provide important leverage with envirment factor correlation.
Brief description of the drawings
Below by embodiment combination attached drawing to the experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater of the present invention and its Application method is described further:
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of anchoring system of the invention, bearing system and ballasting system:1- anchors, 2- anchor chains, 3- ropes The outer cage of rope, 4-, cage in 5,6 ballast tanks, oxygen cylinder 8- solenoid valves, the first electric wires of 9-, 10- control panels, the electricity of 11- second built in 7- Line, 12- electromagnetic switch, 13- buoys, 14- inlet valves and 15 drain valves.
Fig. 2 is the collection system structure diagram in experimental provision of the present invention:16- support plates, 17- collecting nets, 18- are collected Rack, 19- supporting racks.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater, as shown in Figure 1, it includes anchoring system, carrying System, ballasting system and collection system;Anchoring system connects bearing system, and ballasting system is fixedly connected on above bearing system; Collection system is used to collect the sample obtained;
The anchoring system includes anchor 1, anchor chain 2 and rope 3, and anchor chain both ends connect anchor and rope respectively, and rope connection is held Loading system;
The bearing system includes outer cylinder mould and interior cylinder mould;Interior cylinder mould is placed in outer cylinder mould;The outer cylinder mould is one 80cm × 60cm × 60cm rectangle stainless steel cylinder moulds, outer cylinder mould aperture are 6cm, and being equipped with above the outer cylinder mould of rectangle being capable of free-open-close Net door;The interior cylinder mould is cylindrical type cylinder mould made of stainless steel material, the interior a diameter of 8cm of cylinder mould, the interior a height of 15cm of cylinder mould, Brushing anti-decaying paint, interior cylinder mould aperture are 0.5mm, can also be arranged to 1mm, 2mm or 5mm, are also equipped with the outside of interior cylinder mould One lid that can be opened.
The ballasting system includes an organic glass seal box 6 being connected to above bearing system, organic glass sealing The specification of case is long 80cm, wide 60cm, high 60cm;Organic glass seal box is equipped with inlet valve 14 and drain valve 15, organic glass Oxygen cylinder 7, solenoid valve 8, the first electric wire 9, control panel 10, the second electric wire 11 and external connection buoy 13 are provided with glass seal box Electromagnetic switch 12, solenoid valve is fixed at the gas outlet of oxygen cylinder, to control the opening and closing of oxygen cylinder gas outlet, the first electric wire 9 Connect solenoid valve 8 and control panel 10,11 one end of the second electric wire connection control panel 10, other end connection electromagnetic switch 12, the oxygen Gas cylinder volume is 5 liters, opening or closing by electromagnetic switch, assists bearing system to float and sink.
The collection system is as shown in Fig. 2, it includes supporting rack, collecting net, collects rack and support plate;Supporting rack is circle Bench-type, bottom and top are circular stainless steel coil, supporting rack base diameter 30cm, supporting rack top diameter 10cm, high 30cm, Connected between upper and lower stainless steel coil by six roots of sensation stainless steel plate.The support plate approaches to be welded on supporting rack stainless steel plate side The position of upper round platform, is used to support interior cylinder mould.Collection rack is provided with supporting rack, the collection rack is also by stainless steel Texture into a Round Porous tubular structure (aperture 3cm), its top can accept collecting net, and aperture thereon can allow flushing The seawater to get off flows out rapidly from collection device.The aperture of collecting net is 0.2mm.
The application method of the experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of this seawater comprises the following steps:
(1) lid of cylinder mould in bearing system is first turned on, by the different-grain diameter to be studied and micro- plastics of material point Do not launch in difference in cylinder mould, then shut the lid of interior cylinder mould, open the outer cylinder mould of rectangle, interior cylinder mould is launched to outside rectangle In cylinder mould, outer cylinder mould net door is shut.
(2) bearing system and ballasting system are fixed to by Sea Area Survey erect-position (longitude using anchor, anchor chain and rope:122° 28.800 ', 37 ° 2.436 ' of latitude)) near.
(3) inlet valve of ballasting system is opened, seawater is poured into ballasting system, will be held under the pressure effect of ballasting system Loading system immerses seawater underwater 0.5m or so, stops pouring water to ballasting system, closes ballasting system inlet valve, starts micro- plastics The experiment in situ of Study on Niche.
(4) design sample time 7d, 14d, 28d, 56d, 112d is needed according to experiment, when collecting sample, the company of pressing first The electromagnetic switch waterborne of buoy is connect, electromagnetic signal is input to by the control panel in ballasting system and is connected at oxygen cylinder gas outlet Solenoid valve on, after solenoid valve receives signal, open gas cylinder, oxygen cylinder release oxygen, increase the buoyancy of ballasting system, will hold Loading system emerges.Then, the net door of outer cylinder mould side is opened, cylinder mould in taking-up.After shutting outer cylinder mould, open inlet valve after It is continuous that bearing system sinks under the water 0.5m, inlet valve is then shut, continues experiment in situ.After repeatedly, seawater and oxygen The organic glass seal box of ballasting system is full of by gas, and the outlet valve opened on organic glass seal box arranges seawater and gas Go out, replace oxygen cylinder, then reopen inlet valve again, bearing system is pressed under water, then proceeds by subsequent experimental.
(5) lid of cylinder mould, collects micro- plastics in opening.First, collecting net is routed to and collected on rack, pressed from both sides with clip Firmly, the lid of cylinder mould in then opening, in the support plate for the stainless steel bracing frame for being placed on collection system, with filtering in advance Clean sea water, in flushing on the outside of cylinder mould, under flow action, micro- plastics of interior cylinder mould, which are washed into rapidly, is built in supporting rack Collecting net in, then the net bottom of collecting net is cut, bag wherein and is gathered in micro- plastics of net bottom together with the net cut It is put into togerther cryopreservation tube, after good seal, mark is finished writing on cryopreservation tube, be put into that liquid nitrogen container is quick-frozen rapidly, by micro- plastics of collection Sample takes back laboratory and carries out biotinylated biomolecule signature analysis.
(6) while collecting sample, the water quality characteristic that micro- plastics launch area, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity are monitored, And collect certain volume water sample and take back laboratory progress nutrient concentrations (inorganic nitrogen and phosphate) analysis, by surveyed water quality index Be combined with the biological characteristic analysis result in the micro- plastics of different type, carry out micro- plastics niche characteristics and culture zone environment because The response analysis of son, calculates micro- plastic type and envirment factor and micro- plastics ecological niche architectural feature (diversity and richness Deng) correlation, determine to influence the leading factor of micro- plastics ecological niche architectural feature.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater, it is characterised in that it includes anchoring system, carrying system System, ballasting system and collection system;Anchoring system connects bearing system, and ballasting system is connected to above bearing system;Collect system System is used to collect the sample obtained;
The anchoring system includes anchor, anchor chain and rope, and anchor chain both ends connect anchor and rope, rope connection bearing system respectively;
The bearing system includes outer cylinder mould and interior cylinder mould;Interior cylinder mould is placed in outer cylinder mould;
The ballasting system includes an organic glass seal box being connected to above bearing system, is set on organic glass seal box There are inlet valve and drain valve, oxygen cylinder, solenoid valve, the first electric wire, control panel and the second electricity are provided with organic glass seal box Line, organic glass seal box are provided outside the electromagnetic switch of connection buoy, and solenoid valve is fixed at the gas outlet of oxygen cylinder, by electricity The opening and closing of magnetic switch control oxygen cylinder gas outlet, the first electric wire connection solenoid valve and control panel, the connection control of second electric wire one end Plate, other end connection electromagnetic switch, opening or closing by electromagnetic switch, assists bearing system to float or sink.
A kind of 2. experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute It is a 80cm × 60cm × 60cm rectangle stainless steel cylinder moulds to state outer cylinder mould, and outer cylinder mould aperture is 6cm, is set above the outer cylinder mould of rectangle There is the veil door for being capable of free-open-close;The interior cylinder mould is cylindrical type cylinder mould made of stainless steel material, and interior cylinder mould is a diameter of 8cm, the interior a height of 15cm of cylinder mould, interior cylinder mould aperture is 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm or 5mm, and one is also equipped with the outside of interior cylinder mould It is capable of the lid of free-open-close.
A kind of 3. experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute The specification for stating organic glass seal box is long 80cm, wide 60cm, high 60cm.
A kind of 4. experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute Stating collection system includes support plate, collecting net, collects rack and supporting rack;Supporting rack is circular platform type stainless steel frame, supporting rack bottom Portion diameter 30cm, supporting rack top diameter 10cm, high 30cm, supporting rack inner upper end have stainless steel bracing plate obliquely, Support plate plays the role of cylinder mould in support when collecting sample;Stainless steel is provided with supporting rack and collects rack, collects rack For cylindrical type, collecting net, which is freely placed at, to be collected on rack, and the aperture of collecting net is 0.2mm.
5. the application method of the experimental provision of the micro- plastics ecological niche on-spot study of seawater described in claim 1, it is characterised in that it Comprise the following steps:
(1) the interior cylinder mould of bearing system is opened, micro- plastics of the different-grain diameter to be studied and material are launched into Intranet respectively In cage, the lid of interior cylinder mould is then shut, the net door of the outer cylinder mould of rectangle is opened, cylinder mould in cylinder is launched to cylinder mould outside rectangle In, close outer cylinder mould net door;
(2) bearing system and ballasting system are fixed near Sea Area Survey erect-position using anchor, anchor chain and rope;
(3) inlet valve of ballasting system is opened, outlet valve is closed, seawater is poured into the organic glass seal box of ballasting system, Bearing system is immersed into seawater underwater 0.4-0.6m under the pressure effect of ballasting system, stops filling to organic glass seal box Water, closes inlet valve, starts the experiment in situ of micro- plastics Study on Niche;
(4) the design sample time is needed according to experiment, when collecting sample, presses the electromagnetic switch of connection buoy, electromagnetism letter first Number it is input to by the control panel in ballasting system on solenoid valve, after solenoid valve receives signal, opens gas cylinder, oxygen cylinder release Oxygen, increases the buoyancy of ballasting system, bearing system is emerged;Then, the net door of outer cylinder mould side is opened, takes out Intranet Cage;Shut outer cylinder mould net behind the door, open inlet valve and continue to sink under the water bearing system 0.4-0.6m, then shut inlet valve, Continue experiment in situ;After repeatedly, organic glass seal box is full of by seawater and oxygen, and need to open outlet valve will have Seawater and gas discharge in machine glass capsulation case, replace oxygen cylinder, are then shut off outlet valve, then reopen inlet valve, will Bearing system press-in is underwater, continues subsequent experimental;
(5) lid of cylinder mould, collects micro- plastics in opening;First, collecting net is routed to and collected on rack, clamped with clip, Then the lid of cylinder mould side in opening, in the support plate for the stainless steel bracing frame for being placed on collection system, with filtering in advance Good clean sea water, in flushing on the outside of cylinder mould, under flow action, micro- plastics in interior cylinder mould are washed into rapidly collecting net In, then collecting net net bottom is cut, the micro- plastics that will accumulate in collecting net net bottom are put into togerther jelly together with the collecting net cut Deposit pipe, after good seal, mark is finished writing on cryopreservation tube, be put into that liquid nitrogen container is quick-frozen rapidly, micro- plastic sample of collection is taken back into reality Test room and carry out biological analysis;
(6) while collecting sample, the water quality characteristic that micro- plastics launch area, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity are monitored, and receive Collection certain volume water sample takes back laboratory and carries out nutrient concentrations analysis, by surveyed water quality index and the micro- plastics of different type Biological characteristic analysis result is combined, and carries out the response analysis of micro- plastics ecological niche architectural feature and culture zone envirment factor, meter The correlation of micro- plastic type and envirment factor and micro- plastics ecological niche architectural feature is calculated, determines to influence the master of its architectural feature Inducement element.
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