CN107954412A - A kind of preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge Download PDF

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CN107954412A
CN107954412A CN201711357928.5A CN201711357928A CN107954412A CN 107954412 A CN107954412 A CN 107954412A CN 201711357928 A CN201711357928 A CN 201711357928A CN 107954412 A CN107954412 A CN 107954412A
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aeroge
luffa
water
lotus root
charcoal
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CN107954412B (en
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李巧珍
张晶
陈可
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SHANDONG XINLANGHUA TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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李巧珍
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/90Other properties not specified above

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge, belong to aeroge preparing technical field.The luffa of the present invention is added in aeroge as the presoma of carbon fiber, carbonized at the same time with aeroge during charing, shrink consistent, luffa carbon fiber after charing can produce physics anchor force between aeroge, in conjunction with the physical network structure of luffa carbon fiber in itself, toughness is splendid, the final cohesive force for effectively increasing charcoal-aero gel, so that the mechanical performance of charcoal-aero gel is improved, and the amorphism starch gel of loofah fiber surface covering can have good compatibility as cushion and aeroge, it can be filled the micro-pore between loofah fiber and charcoal-aero gel into charcoal particle, the compactness between charcoal-aero gel and luffa fibre reinforced material is caused to be improved, the toughness and mechanical strength of charcoal-aero gel are improved again, have broad application prospects.

Description

A kind of preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge, belong to aeroge preparing technical field.
Background technology
Charcoal-aero gel is a kind of lightweight, porous, amorphous state, block nanometer Carbon Materials, its continuous three-dimensional net structure can Control and cut out in nanoscale.It is a kind of new aeroge, and porosity is up to 80~98%, and typical pore-size is small In 50nm, 3~20nm of network colloidal particle diameter.
For charcoal-aero gel compared with traditional inorganic aerogels, charcoal-aero gel has many excellent performances and more wide Application prospect.The features such as charcoal-aero gel is conductive good, specific surface area is big, variable density scope is wide, is to prepare electric double layer electricity The preferable electrode material of container.Charcoal-aero gel is unique conductive aeroge, the battery plate material available for ultracapacitor Material.Organic aerogel and charcoal-aero gel have living organism compatibility so that it can be used for manufacturing artificial biological tissue, artificial device Official and the pharmaceutical carrier of organ component, medical diagnosis agent and parenteral system.Since the component carbon of charcoal-aero gel is former Sub- ordinal number is low, thus is used to be better than Silica Aerogels during Cerenkov detectors.
The preparation of charcoal-aero gel generally can be divided into three steps:Form organogel, supercritical drying and charing.Wherein The formation of organogel can obtain the structural gel with three-dimensional space network shape;Supercritical drying can maintain the texture of gel And intrapore solvent removal;Charing adds mechanical performance, and keep organogel texture so that gel texture strengthening.
Charcoal-aero gel has very high heat endurance under inert conditions, and heatproof reaches as high as 3000 DEG C, therefore charcoal airsetting Glue is the heat-barrier material that performance is best under high temperature inert environment.However, since the mechanical property of charcoal-aero gel is very poor, actually make It must be strengthened with process using other materials, form composite material and use.Drach etc. is prepared for carbon fiber felt enhancing charcoal-aero gel Composite heat-insulated material, since the presoma of charcoal-aero gel produces obvious contraction, carbon during dry and high temperature cabonization The interface of fiber and charcoal-aero gel produces substantial amounts of crackle.
Charcoal-aero gel mechanical strength traditional at present is low, and brittleness is big, and common oxide fibre or Carbon foam enhancing The presoma of system and charcoal-aero gel shrinks inconsistent in carbonization process, causes to produce inside carbon aerogel composite material and splits Line, influences the strength of materials and performance.Therefore, inventing a kind of high-strength carbon aeroge has actively aeroge preparing technical field Meaning.
The content of the invention
Present invention mainly solves technical problem, low for traditional charcoal-aero gel mechanical strength at present, brittleness is big, and normal Oxide fibre or Carbon foam the enhancing system and the presoma of charcoal-aero gel seen are shunk inconsistent in carbonization process, are caused A kind of the defects of being cracked inside carbon aerogel composite material, influencing the strength of materials and performance, there is provided high-strength carbon airsetting The preparation method of glue.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge, it is characterised in that specifically preparation process is:
(1)Fresh lotus rhizome is weighed, 30~40min of crushing in tissue pulverizer is put into after removing rhizoma nelumbinis, obtains lotus rhizome crushed material, Ground after again mixing lotus rhizome crushed material and water with graphite, obtain lotus rhizome slurry;
(2)By above-mentioned lotus rhizome slurry with water rinse 2~3 days, daily agitation once, after lotus rhizome slurry clarification after, remove upper strata lotus root slag and Lower sediment, obtains the lotus root starch slurry in intermediate layer, then lotus root starch slurry is fitted into gauze bag, hangs and drains naturally, the lotus root that will be drained Powder takes out, and divides in stainless steel pallet, and it is 3~5% to dry in the sun to lotus root starch moisture content, up to lotus root starch is made by oneself;
(3)Weigh luffa and be put into 20~30min of crushing in airslide disintegrating mill, luffa fragment is obtained, by above-mentioned self-control lotus root starch Warm water with 20~30 DEG C is mixed to get mixed liquor, then luffa fragment is put into 1~2h of dipping in mixed liquor, after taking out dipping Luffa fragment, then with temperature be 70~80 DEG C brewed in hot water dipping after luffa fragment, filter residue is obtained by filtration, be Pre- modified loofah sponge;
(4)By above-mentioned pre- modified loofah sponge and castor oil by etc. mass ratio mix after be put into and be covered with the bamboo of brown paper and sieve, by bamboo Sieve is put into greenhouse, naturally mouldy to handle 5~7 days, and the mouldy product of mouldy after treatment deionized water rinsing 3~5 times, obtains To modified loofah sponge fiber;
(5)It is put into after resorcinol, formaldehyde, above-mentioned modified loofah sponge fiber and water are mixed in ultrasonic disperse instrument, decentralized processing 3 ~5h, obtains mixed liquor, and mixed liquor is put into water-bath, stood at 50~60 DEG C and be warming up to 90 after gel 20~24h~ 95 DEG C, continue to keep the temperature 60~70h of aging, obtain self-control aeroge;
(6)Above-mentioned self-control aeroge is put into baking oven, is moved into after dry 1~2h in retort, and with the speed of 10mL/min Argon gas is passed through into retort, in the case where flowing argon gas atmosphere, insulation 3~5h of charing, is naturally cooling to room temperature after charing, goes out Expect up to high-strength carbon aeroge.
Step(1)Described in lotus rhizome crushed material and water mass ratio be 1:3.
Step(3)Described in self-control lotus root starch and 20~30 DEG C of warm water mass ratio be 1:5.
Step(4)Described in greenhouse temperature be 30~40 DEG C, relative air humidity be 70~80%.
Step(5)Described in resorcinol, formaldehyde, the mass ratio of modified loofah sponge fiber and water be 10:20:5:50.
Step(6)Described in drying temperature be 40~50 DEG C, insulation carbonization temperature be 700~800 DEG C.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The present invention dries to obtain self-control lotus root starch, then the present invention will self-control first using lotus rhizome as raw material through attrition grinding, rinsing Lotus root starch and warm water are mixed to get mixed liquor, impregnate luffa with mixed liquor, reusable heat water brews the luffa after immersion, in heating power The lower lotus root starch starch milk of effect is heated, and in certain temperature range, amylum body is destroyed, and crystal structure disappears, enlarged volume, viscosity Steeply rise, be coated on luffa surface in sticky amorphism starch gel, obtain pre- modified loofah sponge, will then change in advance Property luffa and vegetable oil blending, fermentation of becoming sour naturally under hot and humid environment, using microorganism to luffa surface progress Micro- corruption so that luffa surface produces coarse micropore, and the physics anchoring be conducive between luffa and later stage aeroge increases By force, while in microbial spoilage the organic acid produced is also able to absorption and anchors in luffa skeleton, and organic acid is as isophthalic two Phenol and the catalyst of formaldehyde condensation polymer reaction, are conducive to the quick formation of aeroge, using modified loofah sponge fiber as reinforcing fiber Precast body, is incorporated into the reaction solution of formaldehyde and resorcinol, up to high-strength carbon aeroge, this hair after standing gel, charing Bright luffa is added in aeroge as the presoma of carbon fiber, is carbonized at the same time with aeroge during charing, is received Contracting is consistent, and the luffa carbon fiber after charing can produce physics anchor force between aeroge, in conjunction with luffa carbon fiber The physical network structure of itself, toughness is splendid, finally effectively increases the cohesive force of charcoal-aero gel so that the machine of charcoal-aero gel Tool performance is improved, and the amorphism starch gel of loofah fiber surface covering can be used as cushion and aeroge With good compatibility, it can be filled the micro-pore between loofah fiber and charcoal-aero gel into charcoal particle, Cause the compactness between charcoal-aero gel and luffa fibre reinforced material to be improved, improve the tough of charcoal-aero gel again Property and mechanical strength, have broad application prospects.
Embodiment
Fresh lotus rhizome is weighed, 30~40min of crushing in tissue pulverizer is put into after removing rhizoma nelumbinis, obtains lotus rhizome crushing Thing, then by lotus rhizome crushed material and water be 1 in mass ratio:Ground after 3 mixing with graphite, obtain lotus rhizome slurry;By above-mentioned lotus rhizome Slurry is rinsed 2~3 days with water, and agitation daily once, after lotus rhizome slurry clarification, removes upper strata lotus root slag and lower sediment, obtains centre The lotus root starch slurry of layer, then lotus root starch slurry is fitted into gauze bag, hang and drain naturally, the lotus root starch drained is taken out, is divided stainless In steel tray, it is 3~5% to dry in the sun to lotus root starch moisture content, up to lotus root starch is made by oneself;Weigh luffa and be put into air-flow crushing 20~30min is crushed in machine, obtains luffa fragment, is 1 in mass ratio by above-mentioned self-control lotus root starch and 20~30 DEG C of warm water:5 Mixed liquor is mixed to get, then luffa fragment is put into 1~2h of dipping in mixed liquor, takes out the luffa fragment after dipping, then With the luffa fragment after the brewed in hot water dipping that temperature is 70~80 DEG C, filter residue is obtained by filtration, is pre- modified loofah sponge;Will Above-mentioned pre- modified loofah sponge and castor oil by etc. mass ratio mixing after be put into be covered with brown paper bamboo sieve in, by bamboo sieve be put into temperature Naturally mouldy to handle 5~7 days in the greenhouse for being 70~80% for 30~40 DEG C, relative air humidity, mouldy after treatment is used The mouldy product of deionized water rinsing 3~5 times, obtains modified loofah sponge fiber;It is 10 in mass ratio:20:5:50 by resorcinol, It is put into after formaldehyde, above-mentioned modified loofah sponge fiber and water mixing in ultrasonic disperse instrument, disperses to locate with the supersonic frequency of 25~35kHz 3~5h is managed, mixed liquor is obtained, mixed liquor is put into water-bath, 90 are warming up to after standing 20~24h of gel at 50~60 DEG C ~95 DEG C, continue to keep the temperature 60~70h of aging, obtain self-control aeroge;Above-mentioned self-control aeroge is put into baking oven, 40~50 Moved at DEG C after dry 1~2h in retort, and argon gas is passed through into retort with the speed of 10mL/min, in flowing argon gas gas Under atmosphere, 700~800 DEG C are warming up to the rate program of 10 DEG C/min, insulation 3~5h of charing, is naturally cooling to after charing Room temperature, discharges up to high-strength carbon aeroge.
Example 1
Weigh fresh lotus rhizome, remove to be put into tissue pulverizer after rhizoma nelumbinis and crush 30min, obtain lotus rhizome crushed material, then by lotus It is 1 in mass ratio that lotus root starch, which minces with water,:Ground after 3 mixing with graphite, obtain lotus rhizome slurry;Above-mentioned lotus rhizome slurry is rinsed with water 2 days, agitation daily once, after lotus rhizome slurry clarification, removed upper strata lotus root slag and lower sediment, obtained the lotus root starch slurry in intermediate layer, then Lotus root starch slurry is fitted into gauze bag, hangs and drains naturally, the lotus root starch drained is taken out, is divided in stainless steel pallet, in sun Drying to lotus root starch moisture content is 3% under light, up to lotus root starch is made by oneself;Weigh luffa and be put into airslide disintegrating mill and crush 20min, obtain It is 1 in mass ratio by above-mentioned self-control lotus root starch and 20 DEG C of warm water to luffa fragment:5 are mixed to get mixed liquor, then by luffa Fragment, which is put into mixed liquor, impregnates 1h, takes out the luffa fragment after dipping, then with after the brewed in hot water dipping that temperature is 70 DEG C Luffa fragment, filter residue is obtained by filtration, be pre- modified loofah sponge;By above-mentioned pre- modified loofah sponge and castor oil by etc. quality It is covered with than being put into after mixing in the bamboo sieve of brown paper, bamboo sieve is put into the greenhouse that temperature is 30 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70% In, mouldy processing 5 days naturally, the mouldy product of mouldy after treatment deionized water rinsing 3 times, obtains modified loofah sponge fibre Dimension;It is 10 in mass ratio:20:5:50 will be put into ultrasound point after the mixing of resorcinol, formaldehyde, above-mentioned modified loofah sponge fiber and water Dissipate in instrument, with the supersonic frequency decentralized processing 3h of 25kHz, obtain mixed liquor, mixed liquor is put into water-bath, it is quiet at 50 DEG C 90 DEG C are warming up to after putting gel 20h, continues to keep the temperature aging 60h, obtains self-control aeroge;Above-mentioned self-control aeroge is put into baking oven In, moved at 40 DEG C after dry 1h in retort, and argon gas is passed through into retort with the speed of 10mL/min, in flowing argon Under gas atmosphere, 700 DEG C are warming up to the rate program of 10 DEG C/min, insulation charing 3h, room temperature is naturally cooling to after charing, Discharge up to high-strength carbon aeroge.
Example 2
Weigh fresh lotus rhizome, remove to be put into tissue pulverizer after rhizoma nelumbinis and crush 35min, obtain lotus rhizome crushed material, then by lotus It is 1 in mass ratio that lotus root starch, which minces with water,:Ground after 3 mixing with graphite, obtain lotus rhizome slurry;Above-mentioned lotus rhizome slurry is rinsed with water 2 days, agitation daily once, after lotus rhizome slurry clarification, removed upper strata lotus root slag and lower sediment, obtained the lotus root starch slurry in intermediate layer, then Lotus root starch slurry is fitted into gauze bag, hangs and drains naturally, the lotus root starch drained is taken out, is divided in stainless steel pallet, in sun Drying to lotus root starch moisture content is 4% under light, up to lotus root starch is made by oneself;Weigh luffa and be put into airslide disintegrating mill and crush 25min, obtain It is 1 in mass ratio by above-mentioned self-control lotus root starch and 25 DEG C of warm water to luffa fragment:5 are mixed to get mixed liquor, then by luffa Fragment, which is put into mixed liquor, impregnates 1.5h, takes out the luffa fragment after dipping, then impregnated with the brewed in hot water that temperature is 75 DEG C Luffa fragment afterwards, is obtained by filtration filter residue, is pre- modified loofah sponge;By above-mentioned pre- modified loofah sponge and castor oil by etc. matter Amount is covered with than being put into after mixing in the bamboo sieve of brown paper, and bamboo sieve is put into the greenhouse that temperature is 35 DEG C, relative air humidity is 75% In, mouldy processing 6 days naturally, the mouldy product of mouldy after treatment deionized water rinsing 4 times, obtains modified loofah sponge fibre Dimension;It is 10 in mass ratio:20:5:50 will be put into ultrasound point after the mixing of resorcinol, formaldehyde, above-mentioned modified loofah sponge fiber and water Dissipate in instrument, with the supersonic frequency decentralized processing 4h of 30kHz, obtain mixed liquor, mixed liquor is put into water-bath, it is quiet at 55 DEG C 92 DEG C are warming up to after putting gel 22h, continues to keep the temperature aging 65h, obtains self-control aeroge;Above-mentioned self-control aeroge is put into baking oven In, moved at 45 DEG C after dry 1.5h in retort, and argon gas is passed through into retort with the speed of 10mL/min, flowing Under argon gas atmosphere, 750 DEG C are warming up to the rate program of 10 DEG C/min, insulation charing 4h, room is naturally cooling to after charing Temperature, discharges up to high-strength carbon aeroge.
Example 3
Weigh fresh lotus rhizome, remove to be put into tissue pulverizer after rhizoma nelumbinis and crush 40min, obtain lotus rhizome crushed material, then by lotus It is 1 in mass ratio that lotus root starch, which minces with water,:Ground after 3 mixing with graphite, obtain lotus rhizome slurry;Above-mentioned lotus rhizome slurry is rinsed with water 3 days, agitation daily once, after lotus rhizome slurry clarification, removed upper strata lotus root slag and lower sediment, obtained the lotus root starch slurry in intermediate layer, then Lotus root starch slurry is fitted into gauze bag, hangs and drains naturally, the lotus root starch drained is taken out, is divided in stainless steel pallet, in sun Drying to lotus root starch moisture content is 5% under light, up to lotus root starch is made by oneself;Weigh luffa and be put into airslide disintegrating mill and crush 30min, obtain It is 1 in mass ratio by above-mentioned self-control lotus root starch and 30 DEG C of warm water to luffa fragment:5 are mixed to get mixed liquor, then by luffa Fragment, which is put into mixed liquor, impregnates 2h, takes out the luffa fragment after dipping, then with after the brewed in hot water dipping that temperature is 80 DEG C Luffa fragment, filter residue is obtained by filtration, be pre- modified loofah sponge;By above-mentioned pre- modified loofah sponge and castor oil by etc. quality It is covered with than being put into after mixing in the bamboo sieve of brown paper, bamboo sieve is put into the greenhouse that temperature is 40 DEG C, relative air humidity is 80% In, mouldy processing 7 days naturally, the mouldy product of mouldy after treatment deionized water rinsing 5 times, obtains modified loofah sponge fibre Dimension;It is 10 in mass ratio:20:5:50 will be put into ultrasound point after the mixing of resorcinol, formaldehyde, above-mentioned modified loofah sponge fiber and water Dissipate in instrument, with the supersonic frequency decentralized processing 5h of 35kHz, obtain mixed liquor, mixed liquor is put into water-bath, it is quiet at 60 DEG C 95 DEG C are warming up to after putting gel 24h, continues to keep the temperature aging 70h, obtains self-control aeroge;Above-mentioned self-control aeroge is put into baking oven In, moved at 50 DEG C after dry 2h in retort, and argon gas is passed through into retort with the speed of 10mL/min, in flowing argon Under gas atmosphere, 800 DEG C are warming up to the rate program of 10 DEG C/min, insulation charing 5h, room temperature is naturally cooling to after charing, Discharge up to high-strength carbon aeroge.
Comparative example
With the high-strength carbon aeroge of Hebei company as a comparison case
High-strength carbon aeroge in high-strength carbon aeroge produced by the present invention and comparative example is subjected to performance detection, detection knot Fruit is as shown in table 1:
1st, test method:
Brittleness test method:The cement mortar prepared in the example 1~3 and comparative example of equivalent is stood, and after its drying, it is anti-to measure it Compressive Strength.
Young's modulus test is detected using static method.
Table 1
Test event Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example
Compression strength(MPa) 39 42 46 21
Impact flexibility(KJ/cm2 6.2 6.5 6.8 5.1
Young's modulus(MPa) 10.6 10.7 10.8 5.2
Note:Static method refers to the one constant bending stress of application on sample, measures its elastic bending amount of deflection, or on sample Apply a constant stretching(Or compression)Stress, measures its elastic deformation amount;Or elasticity modulus is calculated according to stress and strain.
According to data in table 1, the compression strength of high-strength carbon aeroge produced by the present invention is high, and impact flexibility is high, Brittleness is low, and Young's modulus reaches 10.8MPa, is more than twice of charcoal-aero gel in comparative example, high mechanical strength, has wide Application prospect.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge, it is characterised in that specifically preparation process is:
(1)Fresh lotus rhizome is weighed, 30~40min of crushing in tissue pulverizer is put into after removing rhizoma nelumbinis, obtains lotus rhizome crushed material, Ground after again mixing lotus rhizome crushed material and water with graphite, obtain lotus rhizome slurry;
(2)By above-mentioned lotus rhizome slurry with water rinse 2~3 days, daily agitation once, after lotus rhizome slurry clarification after, remove upper strata lotus root slag and Lower sediment, obtains the lotus root starch slurry in intermediate layer, then lotus root starch slurry is fitted into gauze bag, hangs and drains naturally, the lotus root that will be drained Powder takes out, and divides in stainless steel pallet, and it is 3~5% to dry in the sun to lotus root starch moisture content, up to lotus root starch is made by oneself;
(3)Weigh luffa and be put into 20~30min of crushing in airslide disintegrating mill, luffa fragment is obtained, by above-mentioned self-control lotus root starch Warm water with 20~30 DEG C is mixed to get mixed liquor, then luffa fragment is put into 1~2h of dipping in mixed liquor, after taking out dipping Luffa fragment, then with temperature be 70~80 DEG C brewed in hot water dipping after luffa fragment, filter residue is obtained by filtration, be Pre- modified loofah sponge;
(4)By above-mentioned pre- modified loofah sponge and castor oil by etc. mass ratio mix after be put into and be covered with the bamboo of brown paper and sieve, by bamboo Sieve is put into greenhouse, naturally mouldy to handle 5~7 days, and the mouldy product of mouldy after treatment deionized water rinsing 3~5 times, obtains To modified loofah sponge fiber;
(5)It is put into after resorcinol, formaldehyde, above-mentioned modified loofah sponge fiber and water are mixed in ultrasonic disperse instrument, decentralized processing 3 ~5h, obtains mixed liquor, and mixed liquor is put into water-bath, stood at 50~60 DEG C and be warming up to 90 after gel 20~24h~ 95 DEG C, continue to keep the temperature 60~70h of aging, obtain self-control aeroge;
(6)Above-mentioned self-control aeroge is put into baking oven, is moved into after dry 1~2h in retort, and with the speed of 10mL/min Argon gas is passed through into retort, in the case where flowing argon gas atmosphere, insulation 3~5h of charing, is naturally cooling to room temperature after charing, goes out Expect up to high-strength carbon aeroge.
A kind of 2. preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1)Middle institute The lotus rhizome crushed material and the mass ratio of water stated are 1:3.
A kind of 3. preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(3)Middle institute The self-control lotus root starch and the mass ratio of 20~30 DEG C of warm water stated are 1:5.
A kind of 4. preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(4)Middle institute The temperature in the greenhouse stated is 30~40 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70~80%.
A kind of 5. preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(5)Middle institute The mass ratio of resorcinol, formaldehyde, modified loofah sponge fiber and the water stated is 10:20:5:50.
A kind of 6. preparation method of high-strength carbon aeroge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(6)Middle institute The drying temperature stated is 40~50 DEG C, and insulation carbonization temperature is 700~800 DEG C.
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