CN107952085A - 一种超声造影剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种超声造影剂及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超声造影剂及其制备方法、以及其用于子宫输卵管造影术的用途,所述超声造影剂的制剂包括冻干粉、生理盐水和活性气体三部分,使用时将三者混合,形成由冻干粉包裹生物活性气体的乳剂,所制得的乳剂的比例为每5ml生理盐水含10ml气体和62.5mg冻干基质;其中,所述冻干基质包括0.1‑5重量%的磷脂,0.01‑0.05重量%的表面活性剂,0.1‑1重量%的成膜稳定剂,其余组分为冻干保护剂。使用该配方的成膜材料可以很好地进行乳化,生成的气泡粒径均匀,数目可以达到108个/ml,并别不易破裂,在体内能存在较长时间,其可以用于子宫输卵管超声造影,使用该超声造影剂的子宫输卵管超声造影术对黏膜无刺激,对人体无危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医学用超声造影剂,及其制备方法、以及其用于子宫输卵管造影的用途,属于医学超声影像诊断领域。
背景技术
超声造影剂(ultrasound contrast agent,UCA)是一类能够显著增强医学超声检测信号的诊断药剂,在人体微小血管和组织灌注检测与成像方面具有其他检测方法(如OCT、MRI等)无法比拟的优点。微泡因其较强的回波反射性能而被认为是目前最好的人体微血管内的造影材料。理想的UCA能作为一种血球示踪剂随血流分布到全身;反映器官的血流灌注情况,而又不干扰血流动力学。这种血球示踪技术在心肌、肝及肾的超声诊断方面有广阔的应用前景。近年的研究资料表明,包膜气泡正逐渐地在许多方面显示其优越性,成为造影剂发展的主流。包膜微泡UCA最基本性质是能增强组织的回波能力,可在B型超声成像中提高图像的清晰度和对比度。其非线性效应能产生一定能量的谐波分量,该谐波分量可能携带着关于血液的物理和其他它特征的更丰富的信息。
目前国内普遍采取的诊断输卵管通畅性的筛查方法为X线子宫输卵管造影和腹腔镜直视下输卵管通染液。但X线子宫输卵管造影使生殖器官暴露于放射线中,患者有可能发生对X线碘油造影引起的超敏反应;其次碘油吸收较慢,可引起输卵管黏膜肉芽组织增生,甚至造成腹腔粘连,严重并发症则可导致肺栓塞等;腹腔镜检查是诊断输卵管通畅性的金标准,在直视条件下既可作为检查手段也可进行治疗,但其需要麻醉,具有创伤性且费用较昂贵。子宫输卵管超声造影(hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography,HyCoSy)是通过子宫腔注入超声造影剂,利用造影剂在超声下呈无回声或强回声的特点,在超声监视下实时观察造影剂在子宫腔、输卵管内的流动情况,用于诊断子宫腔病变和评价输卵管通畅性。HyCoSy技术在诊断卵巢、宫腔内病变及输卵管病变方面取得了较满意的效果,但国内外现有的超声造影剂存在一些问题:如,超声微泡膜材料成分复杂,用料多,合成制备的过程中,使用氯仿、叔丁醇等对人体有害的溶剂,所以需要选择制膜材料及其配置比例,以制备出更节约、有效、安全和易于制备的微泡;合成工艺复杂,步骤繁琐,超声空化法、机械制定法、冷冻干燥法、反复冻融法等,要么制备工艺较复杂、要么制备微泡粒径及分布还不够理想,都需要进一步改进;包裹气体的膜状材料层数多导致脂质体在血管或者腔内不能及时的将气体释放出,从而影响超声的效果。
针对上述现有超声造影剂工艺和技术的不足,本发明提供一种新的医学用超声造影剂,使用该配方的成膜材料可以很好地进行乳化,生成的气泡粒径均匀,数目可以达到108个/ml,并别不易破裂,在体内能存在较长时间。其可以用于子宫输卵管超声造影,使用该超声造影剂的子宫输卵管超声造影术对黏膜无刺激,对人体无危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种超声造影剂,及其制备方法,以及其用于子宫输卵管造影的用途。使用本发明方法制备的超声微泡大小适宜、粒径分布均一、稳定、浓度适宜,并且制备方法简单。
本发明的具体内容为一种超声造影剂,所述超声造影剂的制剂包括冻干粉、生理盐水和活性气体三部分,使用时将三者混合,形成由冻干粉包裹生物活性气体的乳剂,其中,所述冻干粉包括0.1-5重量%的磷脂,0.01-0.05重量%的表面活性剂,0.1-1重量%的成膜稳定剂,其余组分为冻干保护剂。
根据本发明所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述磷脂为二棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)、二花生酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DAPC)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPPE)、二花生酰基磷脂酰甘油(DAPG)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰甘油(DSPG)中的任意一种或几种的混合物。
根据本发明所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述表面活性剂为选自失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯(Span-60)、失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span-80)、吐温-60、吐温-80中的一种。
根据本发明所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述成膜稳定剂为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、月桂酸、花生酸、油酸、山嵛酸中的一种。
根据本发明所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述冻干保护剂为聚乙二醇4000、聚丁基-2-氰基丙烯酸酯、多聚糖中的一种。
根据本发明所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述气体为空气、氮气、六氟化硫中的一种。
根据本发明所述的超声造影剂,其中,所制得的乳剂比例为每5ml生理盐水含10ml气体和62.5mg冻干粉。
另外,本发明还提供一种所述超声造影剂的制备方法,该方法为取处方量的磷脂、表面活性剂、成膜稳定剂、冻干保护剂,加水制成固定含量比的溶液,作为水相,加入处方量的有机溶剂后,剪切乳化制得乳剂,灭菌处理;取乳剂,分装后,进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干粉,使用时将冻干粉和气体按照比例溶解在生理盐水中即可使用。
根据本发明所述的超声造影剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述有机溶剂为密度大于水的卤代烃。
此外,本发明还提供所述超声造影剂用于子宫输卵管造影的用途。
本发明制备的超声造影剂微泡大小适宜、粒径分布均一、稳定,生物相容性好,可作为超声波回波检测术增强剂,主要用于临床妇科经阴道三维输卵管、卵巢或子宫等方面的靶向超声造影,本发明采用的原料和溶剂安全无毒,制备方法简单,可量化,形成稳定生产线,具有较好的潜在的临床应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明的超声造影剂的微气泡粒径分布图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明的超声造影剂进行进一步描述,本发明的内容包括但不限于下述实施例。
实施例1超声造影剂的制备
取处方量的DSPC、DSPG、吐温60,、PEG4000、棕榈酸,加水制成每1ml含DSPC 0.5mg、DSPG 0.5mg、吐温60 0.5mg、PEG4000 60.9mg、棕榈酸0.1mg的溶液,作为水相,加入处方量的氯三氟甲烷后,剪切乳化60s,制得乳剂,灭菌处理;取乳剂,分装后,进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干粉,使用时与生理盐水和六氟化硫气体充分混合得到每5ml生理盐水含10ml气体和62.5mg冻干粉的微气泡乳剂。
实施例2超声造影剂的制备
取处方量的DPPC、DSPG、Span-80、PEG4000、山嵛酸,加水制成每1ml含DSPG 0.4mg、DPPC 0.6mg、Span-80 0.3mg、PEG4000 61.1mg、山嵛酸0.1mg的溶液,作为水相,加入处方量的全氟丁烯后,剪切乳化60s,制得乳剂,灭菌处理;取乳剂,分装后,进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干粉,使用时与生理盐水和六氟化硫充分混合得到每5ml生理盐水含10ml气体和62.5mg冻干粉的微气泡乳剂。
实施例3超声造影剂的制备
取处方量的DAPC、DAPG、Span-60、聚丁基-2-氰基丙烯酸酯、棕榈酸,加水制成每1ml含DAPC 0.5mg、DAPG 0.5mg、Span-60 0.6mg、聚丁基-2-氰基丙烯酸酯60.8mg、棕榈酸0.1mg的溶液,作为水相,加入处方量的全氟环己烷后,剪切乳化60s,制得乳剂,灭菌处理;取乳剂,分装后,进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干粉,使用时与药用水和氮气充分混合得到每5ml生理盐水含10ml气体和62.5mg冻干粉的微气泡乳剂。
取实施例1-3制备的超声造影剂进行具体检测,结果如下:
平均粒径及粒子数
对本发明的超声造影剂(3批)分别进行检测,用5ml 0.9氯化钠溶解后,测定平均粒径及粒子数。
仪器:PSS·NICOMP Particle Sizing Systems AccuSizer APS仪。
测定范围:0.7um-20um
结果如下:
表1本发明的超声造影剂的平均粒径与粒子数
结论:根据测定结果,本发明的超声造影剂的平均粒径为1.19-1.23um,粒子数为6.65×108-9.36×108个/ml。
微泡稳定性考察
取本发明的超声造影剂3批,分别于25℃,-20℃下放置0h、2h、4h、8h。分别用5ml0.9%氯化钠溶解,测定平均粒径及粒子数,考察微泡稳定性。
结果如下:
表2本发明的超声造影剂的微泡稳定性考察
结论:本发明的超声造影剂的微泡于25℃、-20℃下放置8h,其平均粒径与粒子数无明显变化,微泡性质稳定。
实施例4使用本发明的超声造影剂进行子宫输卵管超声造影术
选择患者月经完全干净后第3日行子宫输卵管通液,通液剂为含庆大霉素8万单位和生理盐水配成的100ml液体。通液过程行超声造影实时监测。采用本发明的实施例1的超声造影剂,检查前每瓶加入生理盐水5ml,充分摇荡并混匀,得到白色、乳状的SF6微气泡混悬液,抽取0.6ml混悬液加入生理盐水20ml稀释备用。使用SEQUOIA 512型超声诊断仪(SIEMENS,Germany),配备对比脉冲序列造影成像技术超声造影技术及AXIUSACQ造影分析软件。经阴道探头频率4~8MHz,MI 0.06,深度50mm,2点聚焦,动态范围81dB。患者排空膀胱,取膀胱截石位,常规消毒、铺巾,用阴道内窥器暴露子宫颈内口。先行超声检查子宫形态大小、位置、宫壁回声、子宫内膜厚度、双侧卵巢大小形态、附件有无肿块、子宫直肠窝有无积液等情况。若无异常,常规在无菌操作下将F12双腔球囊导管固定于子宫颈内口,气囊注入2ml生理盐水,取出阴道内窥器;采用微泵持续、匀速(0.5~1.0ml/min)推注造影剂,应用脉冲反向谐波造影模式,全程数码记录,造影结束后回放图像,观察造影剂在子官腔、输卵管的充盈情况和在盆腔的弥散情况。然后在二维超声监测下,经注药管缓慢注入通液剂,如遇阻力可轻度加压注入,反复冲洗、疏通,通液术后再采用声诺维造影观察输卵管畅通情况。必要时2天后行第2次通液。嘱患者通液术后1周内禁止性生活。通液治疗每月1次,连续3个月。
评价结果:
1.输卵管通畅
造影剂能顺利注入,无阻力,注完后无反流,宫腔造影剂即刻呈三角形强回声,纵切宫腔分离<1.0cm,并见造影剂自子宫角迅速向两侧移动,输卵管迅速全段充满造影剂回声,伞端见喷射状造影回声;部分患者卵巢周围可见环状带回声,子宫直肠陷窝或子宫底部出现造影剂回声区,造影剂在2s内通过输卵管伞端,并在卵巢周围见到造影剂移动,子宫直肠窝内有造影剂积聚。
2.输卵管狭窄
注入造影剂有阻力,子宫腔轻度扩张,纵切宫腔分离1.0~1.5cm,见少量液体反流。输卵管内造影剂呈纤细光带或某一段不显影,造影剂流动缓慢,造影剂通过输卵管伞端≥2s。单侧或双侧输卵管伞端见少量造影剂回声散在溢出,无明显喷射气流形成。患者稍感腹胀。
3.输卵管阻塞
需加压注射液体,注射量不超过15ml,停止加压后见造影剂全部反流,造影剂在宫腔内滚动,到达某处时倒流或积聚于某段,宫腔扩张>1.5cm。输卵管全段不显像或某段显示,阻塞侧卵巢周围无环状回声带,盆腔无造影剂流入,因注射阻力大,故患者术中腹部胀痛明显。
以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种超声造影剂,其特征在于,所述超声造影剂的制剂包括冻干粉、生理盐水和活性气体三部分,使用时将三者混合,形成由冻干粉包裹生物活性气体的乳剂,其中,所述冻干粉包括0.1-5重量%的磷脂,0.01-0.05重量%的表面活性剂,0.1-1重量%的成膜稳定剂,其余组分为冻干保护剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述磷脂为二棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)、二花生酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DAPC)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPPE)、二花生酰基磷脂酰甘油(DAPG)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰甘油(DSPG)中的任意一种或几种的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述表面活性剂为选自失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯(Span-60)、失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span-80)、吐温-60、吐温-80中的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述成膜稳定剂为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、月桂酸、花生酸、油酸、山嵛酸中的一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述冻干保护剂为聚乙二醇4000、聚丁基-2-氰基丙烯酸酯、多聚糖中的一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的超声造影剂,其中,所述气体为空气、氮气、六氟化硫中的一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的超声造影剂,其中,所制得的乳剂的比例为每5ml生理盐水含10ml气体和62.5mg冻干粉。
8.如权利要求1-7所述的超声造影剂的制备方法,其特征在于取处方量的磷脂、表面活性剂、成膜稳定剂、冻干保护剂,加水制成固定含量比的溶液,作为水相,加入处方量的有机溶剂后,剪切乳化制得乳剂,灭菌处理;取乳剂,分装后,进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干粉,使用时将冻干粉和气体按照比例溶解在生理盐水中即可使用。
9.如权利要求8所述的超声造影剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述有机溶剂为密度大于水的卤代烃。
10.如权利要求1-9所述的超声造影剂,其特征在于所述超声造影剂用于子宫输卵管造影的用途。
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