CN107948675B - H.264/AVC video format compatible encryption method based on CABAC coding - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2347—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream encryption
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/0618—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation
- H04L9/0631—Substitution permutation network [SPN], i.e. cipher composed of a number of stages or rounds each involving linear and nonlinear transformations, e.g. AES algorithms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
- H04N19/159—Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/167—Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/4405—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream decryption
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/4408—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream encryption, e.g. re-encrypting a decrypted video stream for redistribution in a home network
Abstract
The invention provides an H.264/AVC video format compatible encryption method based on CABAC coding, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out block division on a video, selecting an interested region and a part of random blocks, encrypting the interested region and the part of random blocks, and then carrying out selective encryption on the rest blocks; and finally, calculating new parameters and reorganizing the residual blocks into a video with compatible format. The method not only encrypts the time-space related parameters, but also changes the original structure of the video, reduces the side information leakage and improves the security of the encryption algorithm; meanwhile, special protection can be provided for the region of interest, the method is suitable for different application scenes, and the capability of performing certain detection processing on the encrypted video is reserved, so that the method can provide help for applications such as a cloud monitoring system and a cloud storage system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of multimedia information security, in particular to an H.264/AVC video format compatible encryption method based on CABAC coding.
Background
In recent years, with the development of multimedia technology, video technology has increasingly appeared in people's daily life. Along with this, people pay more and more attention to video content and privacy protection related technologies.
For video, the existing method mainly encrypts the spatial domain and temporal domain related parameters in the video code stream. However, such algorithms all present a risk of privacy leakage if considered from a security point of view. In particular, the structure of the encrypted media data itself is not much different from that before encryption. The structure of the media data itself (block order, frame order, etc.) is accompanied by a lot of side information. This unencrypted structure information is likely to cause privacy disclosure. Because the media data structure after compression coding is complex, the context often has high correlation, and the coding standards used by different media data formats are different; meanwhile, the problems of coding efficiency, encryption time and the like need to be considered, and encrypting the structural information of the media data is a difficult task. The spatial domain and time domain related parameters are encrypted, and global lightweight protection is provided; it cannot meet the requirements of different application scenarios for the controllable adjustment of the region of interest and special local protection. In addition, the encrypted video is often used in a scene such as a cloud storage system, and a certain processing capacity needs to be reserved for the encrypted video.
An H.264/AVC video format compatible encryption method based on CABAC coding mainly encrypts the time, space parameters and structure information of the H.264/AVC video coded by CABAC; a multi-layer encryption system is designed, special protection is provided for the region of interest, and the adaptability of an encryption algorithm to different application scenes is improved; meanwhile, the capability of detecting and processing the encrypted video is reserved, and two requirements of cloud processing and video content protection are considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an H.264/AVC video format compatible encryption method based on CABAC coding, which can efficiently encrypt the H.264/AVC coded video coded by CABAC.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an H.264/AVC video format compatible encryption method comprises the following steps:
s1: grouping video blocks;
s2: encrypting the interested block and the random selection block;
s3: partially encrypting the remaining blocks;
s4: the encrypted block generated at S2 is packetized and reorganized with the partially encrypted block generated at S3 into a format-compatible encrypted video bitstream.
Further, the specific process of step S1 is:
s11: using detection algorithm, such as face detection, to locate the block positions belonging to the interested region in the video, and marking these blocks as interested blocks R, using Mp in R1Recording position information;
s12: randomly selecting some blocks, denoted as randomly selecting blocks S, S with Mp2Recording position information, and replacing an interested block in the corresponding R with a skip block in the S;
s13: the remaining blocks are denoted as O.
Further, the specific process of step S2 is:
s21: after arithmetic coding is carried out on the data in each block in the R, all bits are encrypted by using AES-CFB;
s22: after partial encryption and arithmetic coding are performed on the data in each block in S, all bits are encrypted using AES-CFB.
Further, the specific process of step S3 is:
s31: encrypting intra prediction mode IPM of each block in O;
s32: encrypting a suffix of a motion vector residual MVD code word of each block in the O;
s33: encrypting a suffix and a sign of a non-zero coefficient of each block in the O;
s34: for the data in each block in O, arithmetic coding is performed.
Further, the specific process of step S4 is:
s41, packaging the encrypted data in the R into NA L U of type 22;
s42, packaging the encrypted data in the S into NA L U of type 23;
s43: reorganizing the encrypted O data into a video segment, recording the video segment as NVB, and recalculating partial parameters in the parameter set in the NVB;
s44, marking the related original parameters in the NVB and the related parameter sets in R, S as P, and packaging the parameters after complete encryption into NA L U of type 17;
s45, placing the NA L U with the types of 17, 22 and 23 after the code stream of the NVB to obtain an encrypted video code stream.
Further, the method can select an interested area to encrypt according to the requirement, simultaneously provides multi-level protection for the video, and can recover partial information except the interested area by using partial secret keys for detecting and processing the encrypted video, and the specific process is as follows:
s51 decrypting the content in NA L U type 23 resulting in a partially encrypted randomly selected block
S52, decrypting the content in the NA L U type 17 to obtain the partially encrypted original parameters
S53 according to Mp2From
And partially encrypted residual block
And recovering the video with the original video structure, wherein the region information of the interested block is replaced by the skip block, and the partially encrypted video with the original video structure can be used for detection processing.
The corresponding decryption method comprises the following specific processes:
s61, sequentially decrypting the contents in the NA L U with the types of 17 and 23 to obtain a random selection block S and an original parameter P;
s62, decrypting the content in the NA L U with the type of 22 to obtain an interested block R;
s63, decrypting the content in the NVB to obtain the residual block O and other parameters;
s64 according to Mp1，Mp2And recovering the original video structure, and performing subsequent decoding work by using the decrypted data.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method of the invention firstly carries out format compatible encryption on the video, can provide special protection for the interested area, simultaneously encrypts the video structure information and reduces the side information leakage. The method can select different interesting regions according to different application scenes, and is more suitable for practical application expansion; meanwhile, by using the multi-layer encryption system, the detection processing capacity of the encrypted video can be reserved under the condition that sensitive information is not leaked, so that help can be provided for applications such as a cloud monitoring system and a cloud storage system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic flow diagram of a process employing the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic idea of encryption using the method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of partial encryption of non-zero coefficients using the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a method of implementing encryption in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is an example of a video frame encrypted using the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a format-based compatible encryption method in the method of the present invention. The basic idea of encryption is shown in fig. 2, where an interested block and a randomly selected block are encrypted first, and then used as additional information and placed behind a partially encrypted residual block to obtain an encrypted video code stream. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) grouping video data, specifically, grouping block data of a video according to the following mode:
① the blocks belonging to the region of interest in the video are located by a detection algorithm, such as face detection, and are denoted as blocks of interest R, where Mp is used for R1Recording position information, in particular
Mp1Can be represented as a sequence consisting of 0, 1, where 1 represents that the corresponding block is the block of interest and 0 is vice versa.
An example of R may be "Mp1，……，0，ri0, … … ", where 0 is a spacer and r isiRepresenting a block of interest.
② random selection of blocks, denoted as random selection blocks S, S with Mp2Recording position information, and replacing an interested block in the corresponding R with a skip block in the S;
Mp2can be represented as a sequence consisting of 0, 1, where 1 indicates that the corresponding block is in S and 0 is vice versa.
An example of S may be "Mp2，……，0，si0, skip, 0, … … ", where 0 is a spacer, siRepresenting a randomly selected block, skip being a skipped macroblock (replaced by another randomly selected block in the I-frame), skip being used to replace the block of interest in the corresponding position, enabling the video to use the recovered part side information for the detection processing operation.
③ denote the remaining blocks as O.
(2) Encrypting the block of interest and the randomly selected block:
① after arithmetic coding the data in each block of R, the key K is encrypted by AES-CFB3Adding all bitsObtaining FE { R }, wherein FE { } represents that all bits are encrypted by using AES-CFB;
② partial encryption is performed on the data in each block in S (see step (3) for a specific method), and the key K is used1To obtain
After arithmetic coding, all bits are encrypted by AES-CFB, and the key K2To obtain
(3) And partially encrypting the residual block, wherein the CABAC coding is partially encrypted by the following method:
① encrypt the intra prediction mode IPM for each block in O, where
The Intra-16 × 16 encryption method is that the last bit of the code word corresponding to the macro block type is encrypted;
intra _4 × 4 is encrypted by encrypting three bits of the suffix if the most likely pattern is identified as 0;
② encrypt the suffix of the motion vector residual MVD codeword for each block in O, specifically:
in H.264/AVC coded by CABAC, MVD is binarized by UEG3, and code words with MVD larger than 9 can be represented by EG3 code words to represent a part of information larger than 9. For these MVDs, the bits selected for encryption are suffixes of their EG codewords.
③ encrypt the magnitude of the non-zero coefficient and its sign for each block in O, specifically:
in h.264/AVC using CABAC coding, where non-zero coefficients are binarized using UEG0, codewords with amplitude greater than 15 would represent a portion of information greater than 15 from EG0 codewords. The suffix of these EG0 codewords is the bits used for encryption. Further, bits used for encoding non-zero coefficients and trailing coefficient symbols are also bits that need to be encrypted. The encryption process is shown in fig. 3.
④ after partial encryption (key K) for each block in O1) Data of (2)Arithmetic encoding is performed.
(4) And (3) packaging the generated encryption blocks in the step (2), and reorganizing the generated encryption blocks and the generated part of encryption blocks into an encryption video code stream with compatible format.
①, packaging the encrypted data in R into a NA L U of type 22;
②, packaging the encrypted data in S into NA L U of type 23;
③ reorganizing the encrypted data in O into a video segment, recording as NVB, and recalculating part of parameters in the parameter set in NVB, specifically the following types of parameters:
the height and width parameters of the video need to be converted into the size of NVB again;
the parameters of the address information of the first macro block in the video slice header need to be converted into addresses in NVB;
the intra prediction mode IPM of the edge macroblock in NVB needs to be converted into a mode that does not need prediction from out-of-range pixels (beyond the range of the image in NVB);
MVD needs to be recalculated from the formula MV PMV + MVD based on the predicted motion vector PMV in NVB.
④, marking the related original parameters in NVB and the related parameter sets in R, S as P, and packaging the parameters after complete encryption into NA L U of type 17;
⑤ placing NA L U of types 17, 22 and 23 after NVB code stream to obtain encrypted video code stream.
(5) The method can select the region of interest to encrypt according to requirements, and the overall implementation framework is shown in fig. 4. Meanwhile, multi-level protection is provided for the video, and partial information except the interested area can be recovered by using partial secret keys and is used for detecting and processing the encrypted video. The flow of using partial key to restore original video structure information for processing is as follows:
① using a key K2Decrypting content in NA L U type 23 resulting in a partially encrypted randomly selected block
② using a key K2Decrypting the content in NA L U type 17 to obtain the partially encrypted original parameters
③ according to Mp2From
And
and recovering the video with the original video structure for detection processing.
(6) The complete decryption process is the reverse process of encryption, and the specific flow is as follows:
① using a key K2、K1Sequentially decrypting the contents with the types of 17 and 23 in the NA L U to obtain a random selection block S and an original parameter P;
② using a key K3Decrypting the content in the NA L U type 22 to obtain the interested block R;
③ using a key K1Decrypting the content in the NVB to obtain the residual block O and other parameters;
④ according to Mp1、Mp2And recovering the original video structure, and performing subsequent decoding work by using the decrypted data.
The principle of the method of the invention is as follows:
the method extracts the region of interest by utilizing a preprocessing detection method, and performs special protection processing, so that the method can adapt to different application scenes and provides better protection compared with global lightweight encryption. The method combines bit-by-bit encryption and partial encryption simultaneously, and provides multi-level protection for video content, so that the method can meet the requirement of partial detection processing algorithm under the condition of not leaking information of the region of interest. The method adds the random selection block and reorganizes the video block information at the same time, so that the encrypted video code stream structure has great difference with the original video code stream structure, side information leakage can be better prevented, and the video content is protected.
The results of experiments carried out by the method of the invention are as follows:
taking the video of 352 × 288 as an example, part of the results are shown in fig. 5:
wherein, the image on the left is the original video frame, and the image on the right is the encrypted video frame. It can be seen that our algorithm can protect video content well. The detailed results are shown in the following table:
the video IR after the encryption of the method is very small, L SD is very large, and a good video content protection effect is achieved, meanwhile, the proportion of the encryption space in the whole parameter space exceeds 57%, and compared with the existing encryption (20%), brute force cracking can be better resisted, and video content can be protected.
The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar parts;
the positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An H.264/AVC video format compatible encryption method based on CABAC coding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: grouping video blocks;
s2: encrypting the interested block and the random selection block;
s3: partially encrypting the remaining blocks;
s4: packaging the encrypted block generated in the step S2, and reorganizing the encrypted block and the partial encrypted block generated in the step S3 into an encrypted video code stream with compatible format;
the specific process of step S1 is:
s11: using detection algorithm to locate the block positions belonging to the interested region in the video, and marking the blocks as interested blocks R, wherein Mp is used in R1Recording position information;
s12: randomly selecting some blocks, denoted as randomly selecting blocks S, S with Mp2Recording position information, and replacing an interested block in the corresponding R with a skip block in the S;
s13: recording the rest blocks as O;
the specific process of step S2 is:
s21: after arithmetic coding is carried out on the data in each block in the R, all bits are encrypted by using AES-CFB;
s22: after partial encryption and arithmetic coding are carried out on the data in each block in the S, all bits are encrypted by using AES-CFB;
the specific process of step S3 is:
s31: encrypting intra prediction mode IPM of each block in O;
s32: encrypting a suffix of a motion vector residual MVD code word of each block in the O;
s33: encrypting a suffix and a sign of a non-zero coefficient of each block in the O;
s34: performing arithmetic coding on the data in each block in the O;
the specific process of step S4 is:
s41, packaging the encrypted data in the R into NA L U of type 22;
s42, packaging the encrypted data in the S into NA L U of type 23;
s43: reorganizing the encrypted O data into a video segment, recording the video segment as NVB, and recalculating partial parameters in the parameter set in the NVB;
s44, marking the related original parameters in the NVB and the related parameter sets in R, S as P, and packaging the parameters after complete encryption into NA L U of type 17;
s45, placing the NA L U with the types of 17, 22 and 23 after the code stream of the NVB to obtain an encrypted video code stream.
2. The CABAC-coding-based h.264/AVC video format-compatible encryption method of claim 1, wherein the recovery method used is:
s51 decrypting the content in NA L U type 23 resulting in a partially encrypted randomly selected block
S52, decrypting the content in the NA L U type 17 to obtain the partially encrypted original parameters
S53: according to Mp2From
And partially encrypted residual block
And recovering the video with the original video structure for detection processing.
3. The CABAC-coding-based h.264/AVC video format-compatible encryption method according to claim 2, wherein the decryption method used is:
s61, sequentially decrypting the contents in the NA L U with the types of 17 and 23 to obtain a random selection block S and an original parameter P;
s62, decrypting the content in the NA L U with the type of 22 to obtain an interested block R;
s63: decrypting the content in the NVB to obtain the residual block O and other parameters;
s64: according to Mp1，Mp2And recovering the original video structure, and performing subsequent decoding work by using the decrypted data.
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| 基于参数自适应的加密域图像压缩方法研究;张国超;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库信息科技辑，2014年第3期》;20140315;第1-64页 * |
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