CN108111875B - H.264/AVC encrypted video motion detection method based on CABAC - Google Patents

H.264/AVC encrypted video motion detection method based on CABAC Download PDF

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CN108111875B
CN108111875B CN201711173073.0A CN201711173073A CN108111875B CN 108111875 B CN108111875 B CN 108111875B CN 201711173073 A CN201711173073 A CN 201711173073A CN 108111875 B CN108111875 B CN 108111875B
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CN108111875A (en
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郑培嘉
郭剑艇
黄继武
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2347—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving video stream encryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/0618—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation
    • H04L9/0631—Substitution permutation network [SPN], i.e. cipher composed of a number of stages or rounds each involving linear and nonlinear transformations, e.g. AES algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
    • H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
    • H04N19/139—Analysis of motion vectors, e.g. their magnitude, direction, variance or reliability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/167—Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/593—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/4408—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving video stream encryption, e.g. re-encrypting a decrypted video stream for redistribution in a home network

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Abstract

The invention provides a motion detection method of an H.264/AVC encrypted video based on CABAC coding. During detection, firstly carrying out arithmetic decoding on the code words, then extracting binary motion residual errors according to the code stream structure of the encrypted video, then estimating motion information according to the code word length of the motion residual errors, and generating a preliminary detection result; and finally, updating the preliminary result, and reducing the offset supplement deficiency. The method proposes a method of estimating motion information for CABAC coded video. Due to the fact that CABAC compression rate is higher, the application range is wider, and the method is suitable for more scenes. When the video is encrypted, the original video format and the capability of carrying out motion detection processing on the encrypted video are reserved, and help can be provided for applications such as a remote monitoring system and cloud storage.

Description

H.264/AVC encrypted video motion detection method based on CABAC
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of multimedia information security, in particular to an H.264/AVC encrypted video motion detection method based on CABAC.
Background
With the development of cloud technology, more and more video data are stored in the cloud. The cloud storage brings convenience such as low cost and everywhere downloading, and simultaneously makes the cloud storage face not little potential safety hazard. Especially for common users, special attention needs to be paid to the privacy protection problem of data stored in the cloud. Generally, before transmitting privacy-related video data to the cloud, it needs to be encrypted. However, this often causes problems, such as that the cloud cannot effectively manage the encrypted data, and the cloud application cannot process the encrypted data. The encryption video processing technology provides an effective solution to the problem. Namely, the encrypted video is directly processed under the condition of not revealing privacy.
Encrypted video motion detection may be used for cloud segmentation or classification of encrypted video. The user can directly obtain the required video clip with the motion tag without worrying about the problem of privacy disclosure. Encrypted video motion detection may also be used in remote monitoring systems. In the remote monitoring system based on the encrypted video motion detection, the uploaded images are encrypted, so that the privacy of a user can be better protected. Meanwhile, the detection capability is kept, and the practicability and the safety are both considered. The encrypted video motion detection can also be used for a third-party evidence obtaining system, and the third-party evidence obtaining work can be conveniently carried out by the third party under the condition that the privacy and the safety of a content provider are guaranteed.
Generally, video is compressed and encoded before being transmitted and stored. In particular, in h.264/AVC, except for the basic profile (base profile), CAVLC is used, and other profiles (main profile, for example) are encoded using CABAC. Compared with CAVLC, CABAC has higher coding efficiency and better effect. Therefore, it is very important to design a format-compatible encrypted video detection method for H.264/AVC of CABAC coding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a CABAC-based H.264/AVC encrypted video motion detection method. The method can efficiently realize the detection and the positioning of the moving object on the encrypted compressed video.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a CABAC-based H.264/AVC encrypted video motion detection method comprises the following steps:
s1: performing format-compatible encryption on CABAC-encoded video;
s2: carrying out arithmetic decoding on the encrypted video to obtain a binary code word;
s3: estimating motion information by using the binary code word;
s4: and performing motion detection by using the estimated motion information.
Further, the specific process of step S1 is:
s11: selecting a block belonging to a privacy area in a video, and encrypting all bits of the block by using AES-CFB (advanced encryption Standard-CFB), and recording as S;
s12: selecting a random block in a video, firstly carrying out partial encryption, and encrypting all bits of the block by using AES-CFB (advanced encryption Standard-CFB), and recording the encrypted bits as R; in particular, for blocks in S, their respective positions are supplemented in R with a Skip macroblock (for P-frames) or a random macroblock (for I-frames) for the detection processing step.
S13: all the remaining blocks are partially encrypted, denoted as O, and then re-organized into a segment of reduced resolution video (NVB), with associated parameters recalculated. The original parameters are retained and denoted as P.
Wherein, the partial encryption methods of S12 and S13 are:
selecting bits of partial parameters for encryption in a video code stream, wherein the bits comprise residual coefficients, intra-frame prediction modes and motion vector residuals; encrypting the selected bits by using an AES-CFB encryption algorithm; and replacing the encrypted bit to the position of the original bit.
S14: s, R, P, are integrated as suffix information, wherein the blocks of S are packed in NALU of NALU type 23, R, P are packed in NALU of macroblock type 22.
Further, the specific process of step S2 is:
s21, recovering the partially encrypted video code stream without S by using the provided key for processing;
s22: positioning a macro block position with a motion vector residual error according to format information remained after the video is encrypted;
s23: and performing arithmetic decoding on the code words related to the motion vector residual in the video to obtain the motion vector residual code words which are binarized by utilizing UEG 3.
Further, the specific process of step S3 is:
s31: for codewords having a codeword length L (excluding sign bits) of no greater than 9, the absolute value estimate of the motion vector residual is L-1.
S32: for codewords with codeword length L (excluding sign bits) greater than 9, the motion vector residual is estimated by the equation:
when L > 4:
Figure BDA0001477626430000031
when L < ═ 4:
n′＝13
s33: and generating a motion vector residual map with the motion vector residual size carried by the macro block for each frame.
Further, the specific process of step S4 is:
s41: removing insignificant parts of the motion vector residual map, specifically, the condition satisfied by the remaining parts is:
Figure BDA0001477626430000032
wherein, among others,
Figure BDA0001477626430000033
to estimate the resulting x-direction motion vector residual component,
Figure BDA0001477626430000034
to estimate the resulting y-direction motion vector residual component,
Figure BDA0001477626430000036
for the length of the motion vector, TlThe length of the significant motion vector is the lower bound, and the adjustment is carried out according to the resolution; r is the frame rate of video coding;
s42: for the motion vector residual error map, with motion vector residual errorAnd is larger than the area N of a plurality of macro blockscon＞TcMarked with a smallest rectangular box. T iscIs the lower bound on the number of connected macroblocks. And marking the generated preliminary detection result, and marking the motion areas continued by the previous and the next frames as the same motion area series, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
1) scanning the preliminary detection results in time sequence: firstly, the motion areas which appear for the first time in the preliminary detection result, i.e. the areas which do not overlap or are adjacent in the previous 100 frames, are respectively the new series Oi,j＝1,2,…，Oi,jA series number representing the jth motion region in the ith frame; secondly, in the subsequent frame, if the region which is overlapped or adjacent to the previous frame exists, the region is marked as the same series, and finally the region which belongs to a plurality of series is temporarily marked as a pending series;
2) for each motion region series, while marking the series number, recording the average size of the motion region series to the current frame position
Figure BDA0001477626430000035
S43: updating the motion area in the series to be determined, wherein the specific updating method comprises the following steps:
4) the area with abnormal size or shape in the motion series is updated by the recorded average value, and the formula is
Figure BDA0001477626430000041
Where δ { B }i,jDenotes a motion region Bi,jThe size of (d);
5) merging the two series with the same motion trend, and dividing the undetermined series area with different motion trends into two areas;
6) and updating the motion area which is lacked between the previous frame and the next frame.
Furthermore, the method does not need to decrypt the encrypted video in the whole detection process of the video, is completed in the encrypted video code stream, and updates the detection result in real time according to the received video code stream, namely, a part is received and a part is updated until the video is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can carry out motion detection processing on the H.264/AVC encrypted video code stream coded by CABAC under the condition of incomplete decoding. The method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out arithmetic decoding on a video, then extracting motion residual error information according to a code stream structure of an encrypted video and the characteristics of UEG3 code words, and then carrying out motion detection according to the motion residual error information. The method is wider in application range aiming at CABAC coded videos. The method of directly processing the compressed code stream is adopted, so that the algorithm efficiency is higher, the method is more suitable for practical application scenes, meanwhile, the detection result is updated in a self-adaptive mode by utilizing the characteristics of physical world object motion, the detection accuracy is further improved, the problem that the motion information which can be processed by the encrypted video is deficient is solved, and the method can provide help for applications such as a cloud monitoring system and a cloud storage system.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method employing the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of format-compatible encryption using the method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an example of the results of motion detection using the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the present embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an encrypted domain motion detection method in the method of the present invention, which includes the following specific steps:
(1) the format compatible encryption is performed on the video, the format compatible encryption can be performed on the CABAC coded video by adopting the existing video format compatible encryption method, and the following methods can also be used:
firstly, selecting a block belonging to a privacy area in a video, encrypting all bits of the block by using AES-CFB, and recording the encrypted bit as S;
secondly, selecting a random block in the video, firstly carrying out partial encryption, and encrypting all bits of the random block by using AES-CFB (advanced encryption standard-CFB), and marking as R; in particular, for blocks in S, their respective positions are supplemented in R with a Skip macroblock (for P-frames) or a random macroblock (for I-frames) for the detection processing step.
Thirdly, all the remaining blocks are partially encrypted and marked as O, and then are reorganized into a segment of video with reduced resolution (NVB), and relevant parameters are recalculated. The original parameters are retained and denoted as P.
S, R, P is integrated into suffix information, wherein, the block of S is packed in NALU with NALU type 23, R, P is packed in NALU with macroblock type 22. Where the key for the second encryption of R is the key used for processing.
The partial encryption method comprises the following steps:
selecting bits of partial parameters for encryption in a video code stream, wherein the bits comprise residual coefficients, intra-frame prediction modes and motion vector residuals; encrypting the selected bits by using an AES-CFB encryption algorithm; and replacing the encrypted bit to the position of the original bit.
(2) Carrying out arithmetic decoding on the encrypted video to obtain a binary code word:
restoring a partially encrypted video code stream which does not contain S by using the provided key for processing;
secondly, positioning the macro block position with the motion vector residual error according to the format information remained after the video is encrypted;
and thirdly, performing arithmetic decoding on the code words related to the motion vector residual in the video to obtain the motion vector residual code words after binary processing by utilizing UEG 3.
(3) And utilizing the code word after binarization to carry out motion information estimation:
for code words with a code word length L (excluding sign bits) not greater than 9, the absolute value estimation size of the motion vector residual is | L-1 |.
For code words with a code word length L (excluding sign bits) greater than 9, the estimation formula of the motion vector residual is:
when L > 4:
Figure BDA0001477626430000051
when L < ═ 4:
n′＝13
and thirdly, generating a motion vector residual error image with the motion vector residual error size carried by the macro block for each frame.
(4) And using the estimated motion information to perform motion detection:
removing the insignificant part in the motion vector residual image, and keeping the following formula:
Figure BDA0001477626430000061
wherein, the residual components of the motion vectors in the x and y directions obtained by estimation are respectively
Figure BDA0001477626430000062
And
Figure BDA0001477626430000063
is the length of the vector, TlThe value of (c) is adjusted according to the resolution. Assuming a resolution of w × h, Tl0.06 w. r is the frame rate of the video coding.
Second, for the area N with residual motion vector and larger than several macro blocks in the residual motion vector imagecon＞TcMarked with a smallest rectangular box. Assuming p is wh, then Tc＝0.08p。
Marking the generated preliminary detection result, marking the motion area continued by the previous frame and the next frame as a same motion area series, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
scanning the preliminary detection results in time sequence: first, the motion areas that appear for the first time in the preliminary detection result, i.e. the areas that do not overlap or are adjacent in the previous 100 frames, are respectively the new series Oi,j1,2, …; secondly, in the subsequent frame, if the region which is overlapped or adjacent to the previous frame exists, the subsequent frame is marked as the same series, and finally the regions which belong to a plurality of series are temporarily marked as undetermined series; for each motion region series, while marking the series number, recording the average size of the motion region series to the current frame position
Figure BDA0001477626430000064
Figure BDA0001477626430000065
Comprises that
Figure BDA0001477626430000066
And
Figure BDA0001477626430000067
two parts. Suppose a motion region of size
Figure BDA0001477626430000068
And O ═ Oi,jThen
Figure BDA0001477626430000069
Fourthly, updating the areas, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
the area with abnormal size or shape in the motion series is updated by the recorded average value, and the formula is
Figure RE-GDA0001630469750000019
δ{Bi,jDenotes a motion region Bi,jThe size of (c). Outer dotted lines of two dotted frames as in fig. 3The region shown by the line frame, the motion region becomes larger suddenly in a certain frame, which may be caused by encoding itself or encryption, in this frame we update it to the motion region of the blue frame, the center position of the motion region of the current frame is calculated by using the motion regions of the previous and the next frames, and the normal size region is recovered by using the recorded series average size;
updating the motion areas in the series to be determined, merging the two series with the same motion trend, and dividing the area of the series to be determined with different motion trends into two areas;
and updating the motion area which is lacked between the previous frame and the next frame. The specific method is shown in 4, Bi-1,j'And Bi+1,j”Is the motion region of the previous and the next frames of the current frame, and the motion region B of the current framei,jIt cannot be detected in the preliminary detection due to encoding (no motion vector residual in I-frame) or encryption. The motion of an object is temporally and spatially continuous, according to the nature of the physical world object motion. We can be according to Bi-1j'And Bi+1,j”Recover Bi,j。Bi,jIs centered at Bi-1,j'Point of direction Bi+1,j”Vector of (2)
Figure BDA0001477626430000071
At the midpoint of (d), the size is the recorded series average size
Figure BDA0001477626430000072
(5) The whole detection process is completed in the encrypted video code stream without decrypting the encrypted video and only performing arithmetic decoding on the encrypted video.
The principle of the method of the invention is as follows:
the method extracts information which can be used for motion detection from the encrypted video code stream by utilizing the motion information which is remained in the H.264/AVC code stream structure after the format compatibility encryption. Meanwhile, a method for estimating motion information in the encrypted video is redesigned by combining the characteristics of CABAC coding. By utilizing the continuity of the motion of the object, the situation of lack of the encrypted video information is processed, so that the method can detect the motion situation of the object in the encrypted video.
The results of experiments carried out by the method of the invention are as follows:
the experimental data is a 384 x 288 video sequence from CAVIR, and fig. 3 is an example of partial detection results, where the green box is the marked motion region and the red box is the detected motion region. It can be seen that the method of the present invention can accurately locate the position of the motion region in the encrypted H.264/AVC video.
The results in the test video sequence using the method of the invention are shown in the following table:
video sequence F1
Walk 0.8878
6b 0.9104
It can be seen that the method of the present invention can obtain a good detection effect on the test sequence.
The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar parts;
the positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A motion detection method of H.264/AVC encrypted video based on CABAC coding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: performing format-compatible encryption on CABAC-encoded video;
s2: carrying out arithmetic decoding on the encrypted video to obtain a binary code word;
s3: estimating motion information by using the binary code word;
s4: performing motion detection by using the estimated motion information;
the specific process of step S1 is:
s11: selecting a block belonging to a privacy area in a video, encrypting all bits of the block by using AES-CFB, and recording as S;
s12: selecting a random block of blocks which do not belong to a privacy area in a video, firstly encrypting any part of the random block, and then encrypting all bits of the encrypted part of the random block by using AES-CFB (advanced encryption Standard-computational fluid dynamics), wherein the random block is marked as R;
s13: partially encrypting all the remaining blocks, marking as O, reorganizing the blocks into a segment of video with reduced resolution, recalculating related parameters, and keeping original parameters and marking as P;
s14: s, R, P, are integrated as suffix information.
2. The motion detection method for h.264/AVC encrypted video based on CABAC coding according to claim 1, wherein said specific procedure of step S2 is:
s21: recovering a partially encrypted video code stream which does not contain S by using the provided key for processing;
s22: positioning a macro block position with a motion vector residual error according to format information remained after the video is encrypted;
s23: and performing arithmetic decoding on the code words related to the motion vector residual in the video to obtain the motion vector residual code words which are binarized by utilizing UEG 3.
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H_264_AVC标准中基于CABAC的数字视频加密研究;包先雨等;《通信学报》;20070630;第28卷(第6期);第3节 *

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