CN107948133B - Intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system and method - Google Patents

Intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system and method Download PDF

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CN107948133B
CN107948133B CN201710997027.6A CN201710997027A CN107948133B CN 107948133 B CN107948133 B CN 107948133B CN 201710997027 A CN201710997027 A CN 201710997027A CN 107948133 B CN107948133 B CN 107948133B
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taking
drug
voice
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CN107948133A (en
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张博涵
张重阳
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Ningbo Haitang Information Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/08Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
    • H04L63/0876Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities based on the identity of the terminal or configuration, e.g. MAC address, hardware or software configuration or device fingerprint
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61JCONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J7/00Devices for administering medicines orally, e.g. spoons; Pill counting devices; Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine
    • A61J7/04Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine, e.g. programmed dispensers
    • A61J7/0409Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine, e.g. programmed dispensers with timers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/20Image preprocessing
    • G06V10/22Image preprocessing by selection of a specific region containing or referencing a pattern; Locating or processing of specific regions to guide the detection or recognition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/02Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
    • H04L67/025Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP] for remote control or remote monitoring of applications

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Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system which comprises an image acquisition module, a voice recording and playing module, a scanning module, a display module, an information confirmation module, an alarm clock setting module, a data storage module and a data export module. Meanwhile, an intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding method is provided. According to the invention, the picture paster is arranged on the medicine to be used as the medicine identity identification of the medicine, and the medicine taking dosage, the taking method and the taking time matched with the medicine identity identification are uniquely extracted through an image matching technology, so that the medicine taking of a user can be accurately assisted, and the medicine taking is safe and reliable; meanwhile, historical data statistical information can be extracted and sent to the associated guardian, so that the guardian can monitor and know the medication condition in time, the medication condition of the patient can be remotely monitored, and the purpose of remotely caring for the patient is achieved.

Description

Intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to an intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system and method.
Background
The Chinese society has already stepped into the aging society at present, and the old people are older, so that the health condition is reduced, and various medicines are often required to be taken for a long time. However, the old people are easy to forget to take the medicine on time and easy to forget to take the medicine because of vision deterioration and memory decline caused by aging; on the other hand, the medicine name is not clearly seen, and the taking method cannot be remembered, so that the problems of difficult recognition, easy mistaken taking and the like are caused.
Through search, the following results are found:
chinese patent application No. 201510089610.8 discloses intelligent medicine box of APP control, provides an intelligent medicine box of APP control, adopts APP to use and realizes long-range real-time supervision information of using medicine, and the video image when using medicine information and using medicine carries out real-time communication through GPRS communication or WLAN network form and cell-phone APP to carry out long-range looking over, settlement and control to the medicine box, realize that long-range supervision patient uses medicine the condition, reach the long-range purpose of looking after patient. This application has the following problems: through the remote monitoring of the medication information, because the medicines and the medication information are not in one-to-one correspondence, errors are easily caused under the condition that a plurality of medicines are taken simultaneously, and the harm is brought to patients.
Chinese patent application No. 201510595787.5 discloses an intelligent reminding device, provides an intelligent reminding device, adopts article detection module to detect the article of putting aside intelligent reminding device, reminds the setting with cell-phone APP, reminds the user to take medicine on time and drink water, has replaced intelligent medicine bottle and intelligent drinking cup, recognizable and remind drinking cup and the medicine of any shape, usable reputation is reminded and pronunciation are reminded, still can realize with cell-phone remote setting and warning. Various things can be reminded, and better and more convenient experience is brought to the user. The application still has the unique correspondence that can not ensure medicine and medication information, needs article detection module to detect articles, and is with high costs, use complicacy and detection performance is not robust enough.
At present, no explanation or report of the similar technology of the invention is found, and similar data at home and abroad are not collected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system and method. The system and the method carry out medicine confirmation and reminding through the picture matching technology, ensure the unique correspondence between the medicine and the medication information, and improve the safety of medicine taking reminding.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
According to one aspect of the invention, an intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system is provided, which comprises: the client comprises the following modules:
an image acquisition module:
-collecting image information of the photo sticker to generate a drug identity;
-acquiring drug image information, generating a drug confirmation image file matching the drug identity;
the voice recording and playing module:
-voice entering the drug information, generating a drug confirmation voice file matching the drug identity;
-voice recording the dose and method of administration, generating a medication intake prompt voice file matching the drug identity;
-voice recording of the time of taking the medication, generating a voice alert event matching the drug identity;
-voice recording a medication confirmation voice, generating a medication confirmation voice file matching the drug identity;
-playing a drug confirmation voice file, a medication intake prompt voice file and a voice prompt event;
a scanning module: scanning the picture paster, and performing image matching with the drug identity label;
a display module: displaying a drug confirmation image file;
an information confirmation module:
-generating a piece of drug confirmation information when the confirmation drug identity, the drug confirmation image file and the drug confirmation voice file are in agreement with the drug substance;
-generating a piece of medication intake information when it is confirmed that the medication has been taken;
the alarm clock setting module:
-setting a reminder alarm clock according to the dosing time;
-controlling the playing time of the drug confirmation image file and the drug confirmation voice file according to the playing time of the reminder alarm clock, and controlling the playing time of the medication reminding voice file according to the drug confirmation information; the medicine confirmation image file and the medicine confirmation voice file are played simultaneously, and the playing time of the medicine taking prompt voice file is later than that of the medicine confirmation voice file;
-setting a medication confirmation reminder alarm clock which sounds within a set time after the medication reminder voice file is played;
a data storage module: storing a medicine identity identification, a medicine confirmation image file, a medicine confirmation voice file, a medicine taking prompting voice file, a medicine taking confirmation voice file, medicine confirmation information and medicine taking information.
Preferably, the system further comprises a data import module, and the data export module generates historical data statistical information for storing the drug identity, the drug confirmation image file, the drug confirmation voice file, the drug taking prompt voice file, the drug taking confirmation voice file, the drug confirmation information and/or the drug taking information according to the requirements.
Preferably, the client is provided on a mobile device.
Preferably, the mobile device is a mobile phone or a tablet computer.
Preferably, the picture sticker is pasted on the outer package of the medicine object according to personal preference.
According to another aspect of the invention, an intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, client medication information setting: the method comprises the steps that a picture sticker is adopted to generate a medicine identity mark in a client for a medicine, medicine information is recorded as a medicine confirmation voice file matched with the medicine identity mark in the client, a medicine photo is recorded as a medicine confirmation image file matched with the medicine identity mark in the client, the administration dosage and the administration method are recorded as an administration prompting voice file matched with the medicine identity mark in the client, the administration time is set as a voice reminding event of taking the medicine on time matched with the medicine identity mark, and an administration time alarm clock is set;
step S2, medicine taking reminding and medicine identification and confirmation: when the alarm clock rings at the time of taking the medicine, scanning the picture paster by using a scanning module of the client, and identifying the medicine by image matching between the picture paster and the medicine identity in the client; according to the recognition result, the client displays the medicine confirmation image file, simultaneously plays the medicine confirmation voice file, and prompts a user to perform matching confirmation with the medicine object;
step S3, medication taking prompt: after confirming that the medicine real object is consistent with the medicine taking information recorded by the client, playing a medicine taking prompting voice file, explaining the taking dosage and the taking method, and prompting a user to take the medicine accurately;
step S4, recording and monitoring: after a certain time after the medicine taking prompt voice file is played, the client reminds the user to confirm medicine taking.
Preferably, the medicine information includes the kind, shape, color, and size of the internal medicine.
Preferably, the internal drug categories include: pill, capsule or oral liquid.
Preferably, the medicine photo comprises a medicine box photo and an internal medicine photo.
Preferably, the photograph of the kit includes a front view, a back view and a side view.
Preferably, step S3 further includes the steps of: and repeatedly playing the medicine taking prompt voice file according to the requirement.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and step S5, generating historical data statistical information by the client according to the requirement, and sending the historical data statistical information to the associated guardian.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the picture paster is arranged on the medicine to be used as the medicine identity identification of the medicine, and the medicine taking dosage, the taking method and the taking time matched with the medicine identity identification are uniquely extracted through an image matching technology, so that the medicine taking of a user can be accurately assisted, and the medicine taking is safe and reliable; the picture paster is not only cheap, convenient to purchase and use, but also high in identification accuracy rate based on the current image identification technology.
2. The medicine identification confirmation, the use time and the method of the old are reminded and prompted by means of images, voice and the like, and the problems that the old is easy to forget to take the medicine, is easy to take the medicine by mistake and the like due to vision deterioration (medicine package characters cannot be seen clearly) and memory decline (the taking time and the taking method cannot be remembered) can be effectively solved.
3. The historical data statistical information can be extracted and sent to the associated guardian, so that the guardian can monitor and know the medication condition in time, the medication condition of the patient can be remotely monitored, and the purpose of remotely caring for the patient is achieved.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of an intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail: the embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and a detailed implementation mode and a specific operation process are given. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
This embodiment provides an intelligence is assisted and is taken medicine warning system, includes: a client;
the client comprises the following modules:
a. an image acquisition module:
-collecting image information of the photo sticker to generate a drug identity;
-acquiring drug image information, generating a drug confirmation image file matching the drug identity;
b. the voice recording and playing module:
-voice entering the drug information, generating a drug confirmation voice file matching the drug identity;
-voice recording the dose and method of administration, generating a medication intake prompt voice file matching the drug identity;
-voice recording of the time of taking the medication, generating a voice alert event matching the drug identity;
-voice recording a medication confirmation voice, generating a medication confirmation voice file matching the drug identity;
-playing a drug confirmation voice file, a medication intake prompt voice file and a voice prompt event;
c. a scanning module: scanning the picture paster, and performing image matching with the drug identity label;
d. a display module: displaying a drug confirmation image file;
e. an information confirmation module:
-generating a piece of drug confirmation information when the user confirms that the drug identity, the drug confirmation image file and the drug confirmation voice file are consistent with the drug substance;
-generating a piece of medication intake information when the user confirms that the medication has been taken;
f. the alarm clock setting module:
-setting a reminder alarm clock according to the dosing time;
-controlling the playing time of the drug confirmation image file and the drug confirmation voice file according to the playing time of the reminder alarm clock, and controlling the playing time of the medication reminding voice file according to the drug confirmation information; the medicine confirmation image file and the medicine confirmation voice file are played simultaneously, and the playing time of the medicine taking prompt voice file is later than that of the medicine confirmation voice file;
-setting a medication confirmation reminder alarm clock which sounds within a set time after the medication reminder voice file is played;
g. a data storage module: storing a medicine identity identification, a medicine confirmation image file, a medicine confirmation voice file, a medicine taking prompting voice file, a medicine taking confirmation voice file, medicine confirmation information and medicine taking information.
Further, still include:
h. and the data export module generates historical data statistical information for storing the medicine identity identification, the medicine confirmation image file, the medicine confirmation voice file, the medicine taking prompt voice file, the medicine taking confirmation voice file, the medicine confirmation information and/or the medicine taking information according to the user requirements.
Further, the client is arranged on the mobile device.
Further, the mobile device adopts a mobile phone or a tablet computer.
Further, the picture sticker is pasted on the outer package of the medicine object according to personal preference of a user.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding method. The method can adopt the intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system provided by the embodiment 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises four steps:
step S1, client medication information setting: generating an identity mark for a medicine by using a picture sticker, recording medicine information (appearance shape, color, size and the like) as a medicine confirmation voice file in a client, recording a medicine photo (medicine box, medicine) as a medicine confirmation image file in the client, recording a taking dosage, a taking method and the like as a medicine taking prompt voice file in the client, and setting medicine taking time as a voice prompt event for taking the medicine on time;
step S2, medicine taking reminding and medicine identification and confirmation: when the medicine is taken, the alarm clock sounds and plays a prompt voice for taking the medicine on time to prompt the user to take the medicine on time; then, the old can scan the picture stickers on the medicines by using the client, and the client identifies the medicines through image matching; according to the recognition result, on one hand, the client calls the medicine confirmation image file to display the image, on the other hand, the client plays the medicine confirmation voice file to introduce the appearance characteristics of the medicine and prompt the old to perform matching confirmation with the medicine real object;
step S3, medication taking prompt: after the old people confirm that the medicines are consistent with the medicines recorded by the mobile phone, playing a medicine taking prompting voice file, explaining the taking dosage and method and prompting the old people to take the medicines accurately; the medicine taking prompt voice file can be repeatedly played according to the needs of the old (clicking or voice commands);
step S4, recording and monitoring: after playing the medicine taking prompt for a certain time (such as 5 minutes), the client reminds the old people with voice to confirm whether to take the medicine or not; after the old people confirm that the medicine taking is finished, the client can automatically record the medicine taking information (time, medicine name, dosage and the like), can collect and count the historical medicine taking information (namely historical data statistical information), and sends the historical medicine taking information to a related guardian (family members or nursing staff) in a mail, WeChat or short message mode and the like, so that the guardian can monitor and know the medicine taking condition in time, the medicine taking condition of a patient is remotely monitored, and the purpose of remotely caring the patient is achieved.
The present embodiment is further described below with reference to specific examples.
In this embodiment, the client is installed on a mobile phone to form a form of a mobile phone APP, but is not limited to the form of the mobile phone APP, and may also be installed on a mobile device such as a tablet computer.
The embodiment utilizes the picture sticker and the mobile phone APP to realize the identification of the old people to the medicine, the prompting of the using method and the reminding of the medicine taking time, and solves the problem that the old people accurately take the medicine on time due to vision deterioration and memory decline. The method specifically comprises the following functional steps:
(I) generating an identity for the medicine by using the picture paster and recording medicine information: purchasing some picture stickers with non-repetitive picture contents in advance, such as cartoon stickers and animal stickers liked by children; when a medicine is to be taken, a sticker is pasted on the medicine, namely, a unique identity of the medicine is generated, and medicine information is input in a mobile phone APP at the same time, wherein the input of four information is included: 1, medicine image confirmation information: the pictures are taken by a mobile phone, and a paper paste picture (as a picture mark of the medicine), a medicine box picture (one picture at the front/back/side) and a medicine picture (a pill or a medicine bottle) of the medicine are recorded, and the pictures are used as medicine image confirmation information. 2, medicine voice confirmation information: through voice recording, the types (pills, capsules, oral liquid and the like), shapes, colors, sizes and the like of the medicines are accurately described by voice and recorded as voice confirmation information; 3, reminding information of taking medicine on time: setting an on-time medicine taking alarm clock according to the medicine taking time requirement, and recording on-time medicine taking information (namely xx minutes at xx points and xxx needs to be taken) as a voice file as a reminding sound of the alarm clock; 4, medicine taking prompt information: the name, function indication, administration time and dosage, administration method and attention points of the medicine are recorded as the administration prompting voice file as the administration prompting information of the medicine by voice input mode (through voice speaking and microphone recording).
(II) identifying and reminding the medicines by the mobile phone: the intelligent auxiliary medicine taking is realized through four functions, including alarm clock reminding, medicine identification and confirmation, medicine taking prompting, medicine taking recording and monitoring.
(1) Reminding by using an alarm clock for taking medicine: when a medicine a needs to be taken, the alarm clock timing reminding function is set according to the taking time of the medicine: setting the taking time of the medicine as the reminding time of an alarm clock; taking the reminding information (voice file) of taking medicine on time as reminding voice; when the taking time is up, the alarm clock carries out medicine taking reminding by playing reminding voice;
(2) medicine identification and confirmation: before taking medicines, if the old people forgets or is difficult to identify different medicines, the old people click a 'medicine identification' button of a mobile phone APP, and then the functions of medicine identification and confirmation are achieved: the camera is opened by the mobile phone APP, the old people only need to align the camera to the picture sticker on the medicine for identification collection, the collected mobile phone APP automatically performs medicine matching, picture confirmation information and voice confirmation information of the medicine are displayed after the medicine is identified, the old people confirm whether the medicine identified by the mobile phone is consistent with the actual medicine or not by watching the picture and listening to voice, and if the medicine is consistent with the actual medicine, the old people confirm (click a confirmation button or answer 'medicine is correct') so as to take the medicine;
(3) medicine taking prompt: after the old people confirm the medicine, the mobile phone APP calls out medicine taking prompt information (voice file) of the medicine to play voice, and prompts the old people of the prompt information such as the name, the functional indication, the medicine taking dosage and the method of the medicine by voice, so that the old people can confirm the medicine taking dosage and the method by combining the prompt, and the problems that the old people easily forget how to take the medicine, and the medicine is easy to take by mistake and disorder are solved.
(4) Taking medicine recording and monitoring: after the mobile phone APP plays a medicine taking prompt for a certain time (such as 5 minutes), the mobile phone APP reminds the old people of voice whether to take the medicine or not; after the old people confirm that the medicine taking is finished, the mobile phone APP can automatically record the medicine taking information (time, medicine name, dosage and the like), can collect and count the historical medicine taking information, and sends the information to the associated guardians (family members or nursing staff) in a mail, WeChat or short message mode and the like, so that the guardians can monitor and know the medicine taking condition in time, the medicine taking condition of the patient is remotely monitored, and the purpose of remotely caring for the patient is achieved.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. An intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system comprises: the client is characterized by comprising the following modules:
an image acquisition module:
-collecting image information of the photo sticker to generate a drug identity;
-acquiring drug image information, generating a drug confirmation image file matching the drug identity;
the voice recording and playing module:
-voice entering the drug information, generating a drug confirmation voice file matching the drug identity;
-voice recording the dose and method of administration, generating a medication intake prompt voice file matching the drug identity;
-voice recording of the time of taking the medication, generating a voice alert event matching the drug identity;
-voice recording a medication confirmation voice, generating a medication confirmation voice file matching the drug identity;
-playing a drug confirmation voice file, a medication intake prompt voice file and a voice prompt event;
a scanning module: scanning the picture paster, and performing image matching with the drug identity label;
a display module: displaying a drug confirmation image file;
an information confirmation module:
-generating a piece of drug confirmation information when the confirmation drug identity, the drug confirmation image file and the drug confirmation voice file are in agreement with the drug substance;
-generating a piece of medication intake information when it is confirmed that the medication has been taken;
the alarm clock setting module:
-setting a reminder alarm clock according to the dosing time;
-controlling the playing time of the drug confirmation image file and the drug confirmation voice file according to the playing time of the reminder alarm clock, and controlling the playing time of the medication reminding voice file according to the drug confirmation information; the medicine confirmation image file and the medicine confirmation voice file are played simultaneously, and the playing time of the medicine taking prompt voice file is later than that of the medicine confirmation voice file;
-setting a medication confirmation reminder alarm clock which sounds within a set time after the medication reminder voice file is played;
a data storage module: storing a medicine identity identification, a medicine confirmation image file, a medicine confirmation voice file, a medicine taking prompting voice file, a medicine taking confirmation voice file, medicine confirmation information and medicine taking information.
2. The intelligent assisted medication reminding system of claim 1, wherein the client is disposed on a mobile device.
3. The intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system of claim 2, wherein the mobile device is a mobile phone or a tablet computer.
4. The intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the picture sticker is pasted on an outer package of the medicine real object.
5. The intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a data import module for generating historical data statistics information for storing medicine identification, medicine confirmation image files, medicine confirmation voice files, medicine taking prompt voice files, medicine taking confirmation voice files, medicine confirmation information and/or medicine taking information.
6. An intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, client medication information setting: the method comprises the steps that a picture sticker is adopted to generate a medicine identity mark in a client for a medicine, medicine information is recorded as a medicine confirmation voice file matched with the medicine identity mark in the client, a medicine photo is recorded as a medicine confirmation image file matched with the medicine identity mark in the client, the administration dosage and the administration method are recorded as an administration prompting voice file matched with the medicine identity mark in the client, the administration time is set as a voice reminding event of taking the medicine on time matched with the medicine identity mark, and an administration time alarm clock is set;
step S2, medicine taking reminding and medicine identification and confirmation: when the alarm clock rings at the time of taking the medicine, scanning the picture paster by using a scanning module of the client, and identifying the medicine by image matching between the picture paster and the medicine identity in the client; according to the recognition result, the client displays the medicine confirmation image file, simultaneously plays the medicine confirmation voice file, and prompts a user to perform matching confirmation with the medicine object;
step S3, medication taking prompt: after confirming that the medicine real object is consistent with the medicine taking information recorded by the client, playing a medicine taking prompting voice file, explaining the taking dosage and the taking method, and prompting a user to take the medicine accurately;
step S4, recording and monitoring: and in a certain time after the medicine taking prompt voice file is played, the client reminds the user to confirm medicine taking.
7. The intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding method according to claim 6, wherein the medicine information comprises the type, shape, color and size of the internal medicine;
the categories of the internal medicine include: pill, capsule or oral liquid.
8. The intelligent medicine taking assisting reminding method according to claim 6, wherein the medicine photos comprise a medicine box photo and an internal medicine photo;
the medicine box photo comprises a front photo, a back photo and a side photo.
9. The intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding method according to claim 6, wherein the step S3 further comprises the following steps: and repeatedly playing the medicine taking prompt voice file according to the requirement.
10. The intelligent auxiliary medicine taking reminding method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, further comprising a step S5, wherein the client generates historical data statistical information according to the requirement, and sends the historical data statistical information to the associated guardian.
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