CN107945264B - Three-dimensional modeling method for roadbed - Google Patents
Three-dimensional modeling method for roadbed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional modeling method for a railway roadbed, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing basic data for modeling a railway subgrade; s2: determining a dividing point of a embankment and cutting on one side of a left shoulder L1; s3: judging the roadbed form from the point0 to the point 1; s4: fixing the corresponding standard cross section of the roadbed; s5: a sweep adult; s6: a Boolean operation body; s7: completing all the section roadbed models on one side of the L1; s8: completing a roadbed model at one side of the right road shoulder line L2; s9: deleting L1, L2, a road embankment, a cutting standard cross section and a three-dimensional terrain surface M; s10: and obtaining a three-dimensional model of the railway roadbed. According to the method, roadbed sections are divided according to a high-precision three-dimensional terrain and a road shoulder line through a certain rule, a standard roadbed cross section is swept in the corresponding section to generate an entity, and the entity is subjected to Boolean operation to obtain a roadbed body attached to the terrain. The modeling efficiency is high; the extra manual measurement work is avoided, and the engineering quantity is accurately calculated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of roadbed engineering modeling, in particular to a three-dimensional modeling method for a railway roadbed.
Background
The three-dimensional modeling of the railway subgrade is a technology for researching the subgrade by combining subgrade information with a visual tool in a three-dimensional environment by using a computer technology. The technology can visually display the two-dimensional railway design result by using the three-dimensional graph, people can provide insight for the design scheme by means of the visual three-dimensional graph, convenience is provided for matching of various professions, and more reliable decision basis is provided for scheme examiners and high-level decision makers.
A three-dimensional roadbed modeling method based on a two-dimensional design cross section is adopted in traditional railway roadbed three-dimensional modeling. The design method can be understood as a section method, namely, a section is actually measured every 20-50 meters generally, a two-dimensional roadbed model is drawn on the actually measured section manually or by a program, if the roadbed forms of the adjacent sections are the same, the roadbed models of the sections are correspondingly connected point to form a road base, and if the roadbed forms are different, the models are manually disconnected at a certain position between the two sections. The precision of the three-dimensional model depends on the density degree of an actually measured cross section, but the road base condition between the cross sections cannot be accurately described, the combination of a designed model and a terrain curved surface cannot be accurately expressed, and the calculation of the engineering quantity is not accurate enough; since the design of the model must be determined in advance on a per cross-sectional basis, the demand of BIM for the forward design cannot be satisfied.
The traditional railway roadbed three-dimensional modeling method is restricted to a certain degree in the aspect of engineering application and mainly shows that:
first, the conventional modeling cross section and the linear connection between two adjacent cross sections and the fitting degree of the actual terrain depend on the accuracy of measuring personnel for measuring the ground line at the cross section and also depend on the undulation degree of the terrain between the two cross sections. The closer the cross section spacing is, the closer the actual terrain is, the higher the precision is, but the workload of measuring personnel is increased, and the manufacturing cost is higher.
Secondly, the subgrade comprises a embankment and a cutting, in the past three-dimensional design, the demarcation mileage of the embankment cutting is generally estimated by experience, the real demarcation of the embankment cutting cannot be accurately measured, the unreasonable arrangement of engineering measures at the demarcation position can be caused, and the calculation of the engineering quantity is inaccurate.
Thirdly, in the conventional three-dimensional design, because each cross section on which the model is designed must be given in advance, the conventional three-dimensional design can only be used for rollover design, and the requirement of the three-dimensional roadbed forward design based on the original terrain cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the traditional railway roadbed three-dimensional modeling method, the invention provides a brand-new three-dimensional roadbed modeling method. The traditional railway roadbed three-dimensional modeling method has the following defects: the accuracy of the model is influenced by the density degree of an actually measured cross section, the engineering measurement cost needs to be increased by times to improve the accuracy, the roadbed form needs to be determined by the experience of a designer, so that the measures are unreasonable, the engineering quantity is calculated inaccurately, and meanwhile, the three-dimensional forward design work of the roadbed cannot be directly carried out due to the fact that the limitation of the cross section cannot be eliminated. In view of the above, the invention determines the accurate boundary of the embankment and the cutting by using the known road bed shoulder line by means of the three-dimensional high-precision aerial survey terrain, stretches the adjacent boundary points into an entity according to the rule through the corresponding general cross section form diagram of the road bed, and calculates the entity and the terrain curved surface to obtain a section of three-dimensional model of the road bed; meanwhile, due to the regularity of the boundary points and the standard cross section form, the processes can be repeated through a program until the design of the three-dimensional model of the whole section of the roadbed is completed, and the rapid design of the roadbed is realized.
The invention relates to a roadbed three-dimensional modeling method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing basic data for modeling a railway subgrade;
given a three-dimensional terrain surface M, a left shoulder line L1 and a right shoulder line L2, and a standard cross section of a embankment and a cutting with layering and a high slope of 100M, projection lines L3 and L4 are obtained by projecting L1 and L2 on an XY plane; wherein the three-dimensional terrain surface S1 is generated from aerial point cloud data; l1 and L2 are obtained by spatially and downwardly deviating a specified displacement according to the cross section form of a embankment and a cutting based on a line midline, wherein the specified displacement is obtained by calculating the height of the built railway and the width of a road shoulder; obtaining a standard cross section of the roadbed according to a roadbed general drawing;
s2: determining a dividing point of a embankment and cutting on one side of a left shoulder L1;
selecting a left shoulder line L1, determining a starting POINT and an end POINT of the shoulder line along the left shoulder direction, recording the starting POINT as POINT0, the intersection POINT of the shoulder line L1 and the three-dimensional terrain surface M, recording the number of the intersection POINTs as n, recording the end POINT of L1 as POINT (n +1), and judging: if n is equal to 0, go to step S3, and if n is not equal to 0, designate the intersection POINTs as POINT1 and POINT2 … … POINT (n) in sequence along the shoulder line direction; wherein, the left road shoulder direction POINTs to the direction of the big mileage from the small mileage along the line, POINT0 is the end POINT of the L1 small mileage end, POINT (n +1) is the end POINT of the L1 big mileage end; POINT1 and POINT2 … … POINT are dividing POINTs of embankment and cutting, and divide L1 into n +1 sections;
s3: judging the roadbed form from the point0 to the point 1; utensil for cleaning buttock
Projecting POINT0 to the surface of the ground in the Z direction to obtain a projection POINT 0POINT, comparing Z coordinates Z1 and Z2 of POINT0 and 0POINT, if Z1 is larger than Z2, judging that the POINT is a embankment, and if Z1 is smaller than Z2, judging that the POINT is a cutting, and recording a parameter i which is 1;
s4: fixing the corresponding standard cross section of the roadbed;
drawing a standard cross section of a road embankment and a road cutting in a ratio of 1:1 by referring to a general subgrade drawing, placing the drawn cross section on a plane passing through a POINT POINT (i-1) and perpendicular to L1, wherein a road shoulder POINT in the cross section is superposed with the POINT POINT (i-1), and the extension line of the original vertical symmetry axis of the cross section is connected with the central line of a line;
s5: a sweep adult;
generating each closed body by sweeping from POINT (i-1) to POINT (i) along L1 by taking each closed frame in the standard cross section of the roadbed as an outline;
s6: a Boolean operation body;
performing Boolean operation on the swept volume and the three-dimensional terrain surface M generated in the step 5 to obtain a section of roadbed model;
s7: completing all the section roadbed models on one side of the L1;
1) comparing i in the step 2 with n +1, namely comparing the loop times with the paragraph number;
2) if i < n +1, indicating that a roadbed model needs to be added on the L1 side, determining the roadbed forms of the sections POINT (i) to POINT (i + 1): if the previous section of drop is determined to be a cutting, the current section is a cutting, and if the previous section of drop is a cutting, the current section is a cutting; let a be i +1, and then assign the value of a to i, i is a; repeating the step 4, the step 5, the step 6 and the step 7;
3) if i is not less than n +1, go to the next step S8;
s8: completing a roadbed model at one side of the right road shoulder line L2;
establishing a roadbed model at one side of a right road shoulder line L2 by referring to a roadbed model establishing method of the left road shoulder line L1; wherein, the right road shoulder direction POINTs to the direction of small mileage from big mileage along the line, POINT0 is the end POINT of L2 big mileage end, POINT (n +1) is the end POINT of L2 small mileage end; other steps are the same as the step of modeling the roadbed at the side of the L1;
s9: deleting L1, L2, a road embankment, a cutting standard cross section and a three-dimensional terrain surface M;
and S10, obtaining a three-dimensional model of the railway roadbed.
Further: the railway roadbed is a railway roadbed with a standard roadbed cross section being symmetrical.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the invention can complete modeling of a common roadbed to form a continuous roadbed model, the model is tightly attached to the terrain, the model precision is high, and the engineering quantity statistics is accurate.
(2) The method accurately divides the dividing positions of the cutting of the embankment, and avoids the defects of unreasonable arrangement of engineering measures and inaccurate calculation of the number of engineering caused by manual dividing.
(3) The invention can develop the three-dimensional modeling design of the roadbed as long as the original data are complete, and the dependence on the cross section of a construction drawing is separated, so that the method can be used for the three-dimensional forward design of the roadbed.
(4) The invention has definite logic and is programmable, thereby further improving the design efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the dividing points of the embankment and cutting according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a standard cross-section of a embankment and cutting according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a three-dimensional modeling method for a railroad bed includes the following steps:
s1: preparing basic data for modeling a railway subgrade;
given a three-dimensional terrain surface M, a left shoulder line L1 and a right shoulder line L2, and a standard cross section of a embankment and a cutting with layering and a high slope of 100M, projection lines L3 and L4 are obtained by projecting L1 and L2 on an XY plane; wherein the three-dimensional terrain surface S1 is generated from aerial point cloud data; l1 and L2 are obtained by spatially and downwardly deviating a specified displacement according to the cross section form of a embankment and a cutting based on a line midline, wherein the specified displacement is obtained by calculating the height of the built railway and the width of a road shoulder; obtaining a standard cross section of the roadbed according to a roadbed general drawing;
s2: determining a dividing point of a embankment and cutting on one side of a left shoulder L1;
selecting a left shoulder line L1, determining a start POINT and an end POINT of the shoulder line along a left shoulder direction K1, recording the start POINT as POINT0, the intersection POINT of the shoulder line L1 and the three-dimensional terrain surface M, recording the number of the intersection POINTs as n, and recording the end POINT of L1 as POINT (n +1), and judging: if n is equal to 0, go to step S3, and if n is not equal to 0, designate the intersection POINTs as POINT1 and POINT2 … … POINT (n) in sequence along the shoulder line direction; wherein, the left road shoulder direction indicates a direction that a line POINTs from a small mileage to a large mileage, the left side in fig. 2 is the small mileage, the right side is the large mileage, POINT0 is an end POINT of L1 small mileage, POINT (n +1) is an end POINT of L1 large mileage; POINT1 and POINT2 … … POINT are dividing POINTs of embankment and cutting, and divide L1 into n +1 sections;
s3: judging the roadbed form from the point0 to the point 1; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
projecting POINT0 to the surface of the ground in the Z direction to obtain a projection POINT 0POINT, comparing Z coordinates Z1 and Z2 of POINT0 and 0POINT, if Z1 is larger than Z2, judging that the POINT is a embankment, and if Z1 is smaller than Z2, judging that the POINT is a cutting, and recording a parameter i which is 1;
s4: fixing the corresponding standard cross section of the roadbed;
drawing a standard cross section of a road embankment and a road cutting in a ratio of 1:1 by referring to a general subgrade drawing, placing the drawn cross section on a plane passing through a POINT POINT (i-1) and perpendicular to L1, wherein a road shoulder POINT in the cross section is superposed with the POINT POINT (i-1), and the extension line of the original vertical symmetry axis of the cross section is connected with the central line of a line;
p in fig. 3 is a road shoulder point; the left part is in the form of the cross section of a railway roadbed embankment, and the right part is in the form of the cross section of a railway roadbed cutting;
s5: a sweep adult;
generating each closed body by sweeping from POINT (i-1) to POINT (i) along L1 by taking each closed frame in the standard cross section of the roadbed as an outline;
s6: a Boolean operation body;
performing Boolean operation on the swept volume and the three-dimensional terrain surface M generated in the step 5 to obtain a section of roadbed model;
s7: completing all the section roadbed models on one side of the L1;
1) comparing i in the step 2 with n +1, namely comparing the loop times with the paragraph number;
2) if i < n +1, indicating that a roadbed model needs to be added on the L1 side, determining the roadbed forms of the sections POINT (i) to POINT (i + 1): if the previous section of drop is determined to be a cutting, the current section is a cutting, and if the previous section of drop is a cutting, the current section is a cutting; let a be i +1, and then assign the value of a to i, i is a; repeating the step 4, the step 5, the step 6 and the step 7;
3) if i is not less than n +1, go to the next step S8;
s8: completing a roadbed model at one side of the right road shoulder line L2;
establishing a roadbed model at one side of a right road shoulder line L2 by referring to a roadbed model establishing method of the left road shoulder line L1; wherein, the right shoulder direction K2 POINTs to the direction of small mileage from big mileage along the line, POINT0 is the end POINT of L2 big mileage end, POINT (n +1) is the end POINT of L2 small mileage end; other steps are the same as the step of modeling the roadbed at the side of the L1;
s9: deleting L1, L2, a road embankment, a cutting standard cross section and a three-dimensional terrain surface M;
s10: and obtaining a three-dimensional model of the railway roadbed.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A three-dimensional modeling method for a railway roadbed is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing basic data of railway subgrade modeling, namely obtaining a projection line L3 and a projection line L4 by projecting a left shoulder line L1 and a right shoulder line L2 on an XY plane, wherein the three-dimensional terrain surface M, the left shoulder line L1 and the right shoulder line L2, and a standard cross section of a embankment and a cutting with a layered and 100M high slope are known; wherein the three-dimensional terrain surface S1 is generated from aerial point cloud data; the left shoulder line L1 and the right shoulder line L2 are obtained by downwards deviating a specified displacement in space according to the cross section form of a embankment and a cutting on the basis of a line central line, wherein the specified displacement is obtained by calculating the height of a built railway and the width of a shoulder; obtaining a standard cross section of the roadbed according to a roadbed general drawing;
s2, determining a dividing POINT of a embankment and a cutting on one side of a left shoulder L1, selecting a left shoulder line L1, determining a starting POINT and an end POINT of the shoulder line along the left shoulder direction, recording the starting POINT as POINT0, calculating an intersection POINT of the shoulder line L1 and the three-dimensional terrain surface M, recording the number of the intersection POINTs as n, and recording the end POINT of the left shoulder line L1 as POINT (n +1), and judging: if n is equal to 0, go to step S3, and if n is not equal to 0, designate the intersection POINTs as POINT1 and POINT2 … … POINT (n) in sequence along the shoulder line direction; wherein, the left shoulder direction POINTs to the direction of the big mileage from the small mileage along the line, POINT0 is the end POINT of the small mileage end of the left shoulder line L1, POINT (n +1) is the end POINT of the big mileage end of the left shoulder line L1; POINT1 and POINT2 … … POINTn are dividing POINTs of a embankment and cutting, and divide a left shoulder line L1 into n +1 sections;
s3, judging the roadbed form from POINT0 to POINT1, namely projecting POINT0 to the Z direction onto the surface of the ground to obtain a projection POINT 0POINT, comparing Z coordinates Z1 and Z2 of the POINT0 and the POINT 0POINT, judging that the roadbed is a embankment if Z1 is greater than Z2, judging that the roadbed is a cutting if Z1 is smaller than Z2, and recording a parameter i equal to 1;
s4, fixing the corresponding standard roadbed cross section, namely drawing a standard embankment and cutting cross section in a ratio of 1:1 by referring to a roadbed general drawing, placing the drawn cross section on a plane passing through a POINT POINT (i-1) and perpendicular to L1, wherein a road shoulder POINT in the cross section is coincided with the POINT POINT (i-1), and the original perpendicular symmetry axis extension line of the cross section passes through a line central line;
s5, sweeping the contour of each closed frame in the standard cross section of the roadbed along a left road shoulder line L1 from the POINT (i-1) to the POINT (i) to generate each closed body;
s6, performing Boolean operation on the swept volume and the three-dimensional terrain surface M generated in the step S5 to obtain a section of roadbed model;
s7, finishing all the section subgrade models on one side of the left shoulder line L1, wherein the section subgrade models comprise the following contents:
1) comparing i in step S2 with n +1, i.e. comparing the number of loops with the number of paragraphs;
2) if i < n +1, indicating that a roadbed model needs to be added on the L1 side of the left road shoulder line, determining the roadbed forms of the sections POINT (i) to POINT (i + 1): if the previous section of drop is determined to be a cutting, the current section is a cutting, and if the previous section of drop is a cutting, the current section is a cutting; let a be i +1, and then assign the value of a to i, i is a; repeating the step 4, the step 5, the step 6 and the step 7;
3) if i is not less than n +1, go to the next step S8;
s8, completing a roadbed model at the side of the right shoulder line L2, namely establishing a roadbed model at the side of the right shoulder line L2 by referring to a roadbed model establishing method of the left shoulder line L1; wherein, the right shoulder direction POINTs to the direction of small mileage from big mileage along the line, POINT0 is the end POINT of the end of big mileage of the right shoulder line L2, POINT (n +1) is the end POINT of the end of small mileage of the right shoulder line L2; the other steps are the same as the roadbed modeling step on the side of the left road shoulder line L1.
2. The three-dimensional modeling method for the railroad bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the railway subgrade is a railway or highway subgrade with symmetrical standard cross sections of the subgrade.
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| CN109241597A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-18 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Closed cutting BIM model implementation method and information data processing terminal |
| CN110472323B (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2023-04-28 | 广联达科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for constructing three-dimensional model of ramp and electronic equipment |
| CN111368437B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2022-11-04 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Railway roadbed engineering design method based on BIM technology |
| CN112580134B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-05-13 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Design method, device, equipment and storage medium for roadbed engineering |
| CN113204813B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2023-10-17 | 安徽省交通规划设计研究总院股份有限公司 | Correction method for clearing and leveling original three-dimensional terrain surface in roadbed engineering |
| CN113094802B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-05-16 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Highway subgrade modeling method and system |
| CN114892688B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-03-21 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional design method and system for side slope anchor rod frame beam |
| CN117521206A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-06 | 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Roadbed three-dimensional BIM model slope intersection cutting method and system |
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