CN107937847A - A kind of homogenizing heat treatment of the strong 7 line aluminium alloy material of superelevation for heavy haul train draw bar - Google Patents
A kind of homogenizing heat treatment of the strong 7 line aluminium alloy material of superelevation for heavy haul train draw bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN107937847A CN107937847A CN201711487688.0A CN201711487688A CN107937847A CN 107937847 A CN107937847 A CN 107937847A CN 201711487688 A CN201711487688 A CN 201711487688A CN 107937847 A CN107937847 A CN 107937847A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of homogenizing heat treatment of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material, comprise the following steps, aluminium alloy stock is subjected to melting and casting after dispensing first, obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot；Then the aluminium alloy cast ingot that above-mentioned steps obtain is obtained into the aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenization heat treatment after the heat treatment of low temperature homogenization and high-temperature homogenization heat treatment.Present invention employs the homogenizing heat treatment of " low temperature+high temperature ", with reference to the characteristics of alloying component element and microscopic structure, has obtained more excellent alloy casting state performance.Also it is follow-up extrusion process, there is provided good ingot casting blank, improves strength character, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance of alloy etc., meet the requirement of train body key load bearing component.Preparation process is simple, fully meets normal industrial production speed without adding expensive production equipment and cumbersome technique, speed of production, cost is low, is suitable for industrialized large-scaled production, and has important practical significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of metal material, is related to a kind of homogenizing heat treatment of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material
And the production method of 7xxx line aluminium alloy materials, more particularly to a kind of strong 7xxx of inexpensive superelevation for heavy haul train draw bar
The homogenizing heat treatment of line aluminium alloy material and the strong 7xxx line aluminium alloys of inexpensive superelevation for heavy haul train draw bar
The production method of material.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is a kind of alloy using aluminium as base, and main alloy element has copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc and manganese.Aluminium alloy is industry
In most widely used a kind of non-ferrous metal structural material.With the rapid development of economy, aluminum alloy materials Aeronautics and Astronautics,
Widely applied in automobile, machine-building, ship and chemical industry, especially in recent years, with global economic integration, thing
Stream and traffic are fast-developing, and logistics and traffic have driven flourishing for transport service, and aluminum and aluminum alloy mateial is transported in traffic
The application of defeated equipment manufacture above also obtain significant progress, although gap is bright compared with the advanced industrial country such as American-European-Japanese
It is aobvious, but the application potential of aluminum alloy materials is huge.According to initial estimate, to the year two thousand twenty, only china railway cargo transport demand will
Up to 4,000,000,000 tons, average annual growth 4%.
In many transportation equipments, draw bar is a very crucial component, and being must not in a variety of mechanical devices
Accessory that can be less, is a kind of traction coupling device being used between rail truck, different from hitch, draw bar is between car body
Fixed connection apparatus.Continuous with railway freight increases, and the performance of power car is constantly lifted, the increasingly increase of freight volume, traction
Tonnage also hits new peak repeatly.And critical component among these, draw bar, particularly heavy haul train draw bar is in vehicle operation
The longitudinal traction and impact force of vehicle are born, is crucial load bearing component.
Thus, relationship for new ultra high strength aluminum alloy is researched and developed, with aluminium for steel, further realizes railway freight car body light weight
Change, in energy-saving and emission-reduction, reduce cost of transportation, increase economic efficiency etc., have very important significance.Lorry light weight is rearranged at a high speed
Change research and commercial application, be concentrated mainly in heavy-duty freight car car body lightweight.At present, the high strength alumin ium alloy routinely produced
Mechanical property, cannot meet heavy haul train draw bar aluminium alloy yield strength >=650MPa, and require to extend at the same time
The requirement of rate >=5.0%.The draw bar of high-speed heavy-load trains, weighs about 238Kg (E grades of steel, ZG25MnCrNiMo), installed in two
Between a vehicle, for replacing swivel draw bar and fixed hitch.And if the draw bar of high-speed heavy-load trains uses superhigh intensity
Aluminium alloy replaces E grades of steel, every can 100~120Kg of loss of weight, greatly reduce the dead weight of vehicle body.And superhigh intensity aluminium closes
Gold can be also widely applied in fields such as aerospace, oil explorations (drilling rod).
The design and exploitation of existing ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy, the country is since the 1960s, in more than 50 years, although grinding
Have issued 700MPa grades of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy, but rest on the laboratory research stage mostly, or using jet deposition into
The small lots such as shape are manufactured experimently, and are not that complex process is exactly that speed of production is slow, are failed to realize industrialized production all the time, although and also having
Research shows that ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy can be obtained by adding noble metal or rare element, but be transported for daily civilian and traffic
Defeated, its high cost is clearly unpractiaca.
Therefore, new, high performance aluminum alloy materials how are researched and developed, meets above-mentioned mechanical property, can be used in
The load bearing component of heavy haul train key, while common preparation method can be used again, using conventional addition element, reduce production
Cost, it has also become a difficult problem in face of pendulum many line researchers in the field of business.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide at a kind of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material homogenization heat
Science and engineering skill and preparation method thereof.7 line aluminium alloy materials after Homogenization Treatments provided by the invention, have higher yield strength
And elongation percentage, and precious metal and rare element are not added, process is conventional, and cost is low, the popularization being suitable for industrialized large-scaled production
And application.
The present invention provides a kind of homogenizing heat treatment of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material, comprise the following steps：
A) aluminium alloy stock is subjected to melting and casting after dispensing, obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot；
B) by the aluminium alloy cast ingot that above-mentioned steps obtain after the heat treatment of low temperature homogenization and high-temperature homogenization heat treatment.
Preferably, the temperature of the melting is 720~760 DEG C；
The time of the melting is 5~10h；
The casting speed of the casting is 20~45mm/min；
The cooling water flow of the casting is 15~28m3/h；
The temperature of the casting is 730~755 DEG C.
Preferably, the length of the aluminium alloy cast ingot is 4800~5800mm；
A diameter of 162~590mm of the aluminium alloy cast ingot.
Preferably, the temperature of the low temperature homogenization heat treatment is 380~420 DEG C；The low temperature homogenization heat treatment
Time is 8~12h；
The temperature of the high-temperature homogenization heat treatment is 460~470 DEG C；The time of the high-temperature homogenization heat treatment is 16
~24h；
Cooling step is further included after the homogenization heat treatment.
Preferably, the composition of the 7xxx line aluminium alloys material includes：
Cu：1.0%~1.5%；
Mg：2.3%~3.0%；
Cr：0.1%~0.25%；
Zn：9.0%~10.0%；
Zr：0.1%~0.15%；
Si：≤ 0.10%；
Fe：≤ 0.12%；
Mn：≤ 0.60%；
Ti：≤ 0.07%；
The aluminium of surplus.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy materials are aluminium alloy small dimension extruded bars or tubing；
A diameter of 15~45mm of the bar；
A diameter of 40~55mm of the tubing；The wall thickness of the tubing is 6~10mm.
The present invention provides a kind of production method of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material, comprise the following steps：
1) homogenization prepared described in the homogenizing heat treatment described in above-mentioned technical proposal any one is heat-treated
Aluminium alloy cast ingot afterwards obtains squeeze wood after extruding；
2) by the squeeze wood that above-mentioned steps obtain after solution hardening and artificial aging, 7xxx line aluminium alloy materials are obtained
Material.
Preferably, the temperature of the extruding is 380~450 DEG C；
The speed of the extruding is 0.4~0.7m/min；
The squeeze wood includes extruding tubing or bar.
Preferably, the temperature of the solid solution is 460~470 DEG C；
The soaking time of the solid solution is 2.0~8.0h；
Further included after the solution hardening and park step；
The time parked is 5~8 days.
Preferably, the temperature of the artificial aging is 105~140 DEG C；
The time of the artificial aging is 12~24h；
The aluminum alloy materials are T6 states；
The artificial aging includes twin-stage artificial aging.
The present invention provides a kind of homogenizing heat treatment of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material, comprise the following steps, first
Aluminium alloy stock is subjected to melting and casting after dispensing, obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot；Then aluminium alloy above-mentioned steps obtained
Ingot casting obtains the aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenization heat treatment after the heat treatment of low temperature homogenization and high-temperature homogenization heat treatment.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is directed to existing ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy, the deficiency in yield strength and elongation percentage, and is directed to
The design of existing ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy, remains in the laboratory research stage, or using small lots such as jet deposition formations
Trial-production, is not that complex process is exactly low production efficiency, it is difficult to realizes industrialized production, and adds noble metal or rare element,
Such as Sc, Er, cause the defects of with high costs.
The present invention especially have studied heat treatment process based on influence of the alloying element to alloy casting and alloy strength
Influence to alloy comprehensive performance, research and development obtained 7 ××× line aluminium alloy of superhigh intensity, by heat treatment process to alloy
The influence of microscopic structure, employs the homogenizing heat treatment of " low temperature+high temperature ", with reference to alloying component element and microscopic structure
The characteristics of, under conditions of not using fine aluminium shop fixtures, without wiper, obtain more excellent alloy casting state performance.Also after being
Continuous extrusion process, there is provided good ingot casting blank, improves the strength character, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance of alloy
Deng meeting the requirement of train body key load bearing component.
And in the strong 7xxx line aluminium alloys material preparation process of superelevation provided by the invention, any noble metal or dilute is not added
There is an element, while preparation section is also using conventional processes, by the inventive combination to process and selection, with reference to specific
Technological parameter so that preparation process is simple, is fully met without adding expensive production equipment and cumbersome technique, speed of production
Normal industrial production speed, cost is low, the promotion and application being suitable for industrialized large-scaled production, and has important practical significance, has
Hope in fields such as heavy haul train, aerospace, oil explorations (drilling rod), be widely applied.
Experimental study and industrialized production show, the novel ultra-high strength 7xxx aluminum alloy materials developed, tension
Intensity can reach 788MPa, yield strength 772MPa, elongation percentage more than 7.5%, available for key structure load bearing component, to traffic
Lightweight application, the loss of weight such as carriage body and parts, geological prospecting drilling rod are obvious.700MPa grades of relationship for new ultra high strength aluminum alloy
Material, can obtain in communications and transportation lightweight, geological prospecting drilling rod, baseball bat, golf clubs and bicycle structure part etc.
Obtain extensive use.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the electromicroscopic photograph of the extruded bars quenching state after solution hardening prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention 1 prepare superhigh intensity 7xxx aluminum alloy materials compared with the performance of 7075 alloys figure；
Fig. 3 is the mirco structure photo of the extruding tubing quenching state after solution hardening prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Embodiment
For a further understanding of the present invention, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described with reference to embodiment, still
It should be appreciated that these descriptions are intended merely to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than to invention claim
Limitation.
All raw materials of the present invention, are not particularly limited its source, commercially buying or according to people in the art
Known to member prepared by conventional method.
All raw materials of the present invention, are not particularly limited its purity, and present invention preferably employs technical pure or aluminium alloy to prepare
The purity requirement of field routine.
All raw materials of the present invention, its trade mark and abbreviation belong to this area routine trade mark and abbreviation, each trade mark and abbreviation
In the field of its associated uses be it is explicit, those skilled in the art according to the trade mark, abbreviation and corresponding purposes,
It can be commercially available from city's mid-sales or conventional method is prepared.
Technique used in the present invention, its abbreviation belong to the conventional abbreviation in this area, the specific steps of each abbreviation and conventional ginseng
Number is explicit in its association area, and those skilled in the art can be realized in conventional manner according to referred to as.
The present invention provides a kind of homogenizing heat treatment of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step：
A) aluminium alloy stock is subjected to melting and casting after dispensing, obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot；
B) by the aluminium alloy cast ingot that above-mentioned steps obtain after the heat treatment of low temperature homogenization and high-temperature homogenization heat treatment,
Obtain the aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenization heat treatment.
The composition of the 7xxx line aluminium alloys material is not particularly limited in the present invention, the composition of the 7xxx line aluminium alloys
Preferably include：
Cu：1.0%~1.5%；
Mg：2.3%~3.0%；
Cr：0.1%~0.25%；
Zn：9.0%~10.0%；
Zr：0.1%~0.15%；
Si：≤ 0.10%；
Fe：≤ 0.12%；
Mn：≤ 0.60%；
Ti：≤ 0.07%；
The aluminium of surplus.
Definition of the present invention to above-mentioned degree is not particularly limited, with aluminium alloy well known to those skilled in the art
The definition of conventional degree, the above-mentioned degree of the present invention are both preferably mass percentage content.
In the composition and content of 7xxx line aluminium alloys of the present invention, the mass content of the Cu is preferably 1.0%~
1.5%, more preferably 1.1%~1.4%, more preferably 1.2%~1.3%.The mass content of the Mg is preferably 2.3%~
3.0%, more preferably 2.4%~2.9%, more preferably 2.6%~2.7%.The mass content of the Cr is preferably 0.1%~
0.25%, more preferably 0.12%~0.23%, more preferably 0.15%~0.20%.The mass content of the Zn is preferably
9.0%~10.0%, more preferably 9.2%~9.8%, more preferably 9.4%~9.6%.The mass content of the Zr is preferred
For 0.1%~0.15%, more preferably 0.11%~0.14%, more preferably 0.12%~0.13%.As aluminum alloy materials
Impurity in, the mass content of the Si can be 0.01%~0.1% preferably≤0.10%, can be 0.03%~
0.08%, or 0.05%~0.06%.The mass content of the Fe preferably≤0.12%, can be 0.01%~
0.12%, can be 0.03%~0.10%, or 0.05%~0.08%.The mass content of the Mn preferably≤
0.60%, it can be 0.01%~0.6%, can be 0.05%~0.5%, or 0.1%~0.3%.The Ti's
Mass content can be 0.01%~0.07% preferably≤0.07%, can be 0.02%~0.06%, or 0.03%
~0.05%.In the present invention other impurities element, its list can also be included in the composition of the 7xxx line aluminium alloys and content
A content is preferably smaller than equal to 0.05%, and overall content is preferably smaller than equal to 0.15%, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1%.
The form of the 7xxx line aluminium alloys material is not particularly limited in the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art
The form of conventional aluminum alloys, those skilled in the art can according to practical situations, product requirement and quality requirement into
Row selection and adjustment, 7xxx line aluminium alloys material of the present invention is preferably aluminium alloy small dimension extruded bars or tubing.
The specific size of the small dimension extruded bars is not particularly limited in the present invention, with known to those skilled in the art
Conventional small dimension rods and bars of aluminium alloy size, those skilled in the art can be according to practical situations, product requirement
And quality requirement makes choice and adjusts, the diameter of bar of the present invention is preferably 15~45mm, more preferably 20~40mm,
More preferably 25~35mm.The diameter of tubing of the present invention is preferably 40~55mm, more preferably 42~53mm, more preferably
45~50mm.The wall thickness of tubing of the present invention is preferably 6~10mm, more preferably 7~9mm, more preferably 7.5~8.5mm.
The state of the 7xxx line aluminium alloys material is not particularly limited in the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art
The state of conventional aluminum alloys, those skilled in the art can according to practical situations, product requirement and quality requirement into
Row selection and adjustment, the state of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material of the present invention is preferably T states, more preferably T6 states.
The present invention design and optimized to the chemical composition of aluminium alloy, has rationally designed alloy composition, full
While sufficient alloy superhigh intensity, follow-up aluminium alloy cast ingot melting and casting is molded by adding alloying element, metallurgical quality
Influence, particularly emphasis considers influence of the alloy microscopic structure to alloy property, so that constantly optimized alloy component, obtains
7xxx line aluminium alloy materials.
The present invention preferably additionally provides the strong 7xxx line aluminium alloys material of superelevation including above-mentioned homogenizing heat treatment
Production method, comprises the following steps：
1) aluminium alloy stock is subjected to melting and casting after dispensing, obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot；
2) aluminium alloy cast ingot that above-mentioned steps obtain is heat-treated by homogenization, obtains the aluminium after homogenization heat treatment and close
Golden ingot casting；
3) aluminium alloy cast ingot after the homogenization heat treatment for obtaining above-mentioned steps obtains squeeze wood after extruding；
4) by the squeeze wood that above-mentioned steps obtain after solution hardening and artificial aging, 7xxx line aluminium alloy materials are obtained
Material.
The present invention is to aluminum alloy materials component, form, size and condition selecting and ratio prepared in above-mentioned preparation process
Example, and aluminum alloy materials component corresponding in corresponding optimum principle, with the strong 7xxx line aluminium alloys material of foregoing superelevation, shape
State, size and condition selecting and ratio, and corresponding optimum principle can be corresponded to, and this is no longer going to repeat them.
Aluminium alloy stock is carried out melting and casting by the present invention after dispensing first, obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot.
The ratio and order of the dispensing is not particularly limited in the present invention, with this eka-aluminum well known to those skilled in the art
The ratio and order of the dispensing of alloy, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
It is required that make choice and adjust.
The step of present invention is to the melting and parameter are not particularly limited, with this eka-aluminum well known to those skilled in the art
The step of melting of alloy and parameter, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
It is required that making choice and adjusting, the temperature of melting of the present invention is preferably 730~755 DEG C, more preferably 730~750 DEG C, more
Preferably 735~745 DEG C.The time of melting of the present invention is preferably 5~10h, more preferably 6~9h, more preferably 7~
8h。
The step of present invention is to the casting and parameter are not particularly limited, with this eka-aluminum well known to those skilled in the art
The step of casting of alloy and parameter, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
It is required that making choice and adjusting, the mode of casting of the present invention is preferably heat top semi-continuous casting.Casting of the present invention
Casting speed can be 20~45mm/min, can be 25~40mm/min, or 30~35mm/min.It is of the present invention
The cooling water flow of casting can be 15~28m3/ h, can be 18~25m3/ h, can be 20~23m3/h.It is of the present invention
The temperature of casting can be 730~755 DEG C, can be 735~750 DEG C, or 740~745 DEG C.
The present invention has obtained aluminium alloy cast ingot by above-mentioned steps.The present invention is to the parameter of the aluminium alloy cast ingot without spy
Do not limit, with the parameter of common process metaplasia well known to those skilled in the art production aluminium alloy cast ingot, people in the art
Member can make choice and adjust according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement, aluminium alloy cast ingot of the present invention
Length can be 4800~5800mm, can be 5000~5600mm, or 5200~5400mm.Aluminium of the present invention
The diameter of alloy cast ingot can be 162~590mm, can be 250~500mm, can be 350~400mm.
The present invention is formulated by the influence of casting temperature, casting speed and cooling water pressure to alloy ingot casting shaping and tissue
Above-mentioned rational production technology, optimizes alloy casting technological parameter, helps to combine follow-up extrusion process, to alloy material
The tissue and performance of material complement each other.
The aluminium alloy cast ingot that above-mentioned steps obtain then is heat-treated by the present invention by homogenization, obtains homogenization heat treatment
Aluminium alloy cast ingot afterwards.
The step of present invention is heat-treated the homogenization and parameter are not particularly limited, with known to those skilled in the art
Such aluminium alloy homogenization heat treatment the step of and parameter, those skilled in the art can be according to actual production feelings
Condition, product requirement and quality requirement make choice and adjust, and the present invention further lifts aluminium and close to coordinate the design of alloy compositions
The performance of golden product, the homogenization heat treatment particularly preferably include the heat treatment of low temperature homogenization and high-temperature homogenization heat treatment.
The parameter of low temperature homogenization heat treatment is not particularly limited in the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art
The parameter of low temperature homogenization heat treatment, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
It is required that making choice and adjusting, the present invention is coordinates the design of alloy compositions, and further the performance of lifting alloy product, described
The temperature of low temperature homogenization heat treatment is preferably 380~420 DEG C, more preferably 385~415 DEG C, more preferably 390~410 DEG C,
More preferably 395~405 DEG C.The time of the low temperature homogenization heat treatment is preferably 8~12h, more preferably 8.5~11.5h,
More preferably 9~11h, more preferably 9.5~10.5h.
The parameter of high-temperature homogenization heat treatment is not particularly limited in the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art
The parameter of high-temperature homogenization heat treatment, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
It is required that making choice and adjusting, the present invention is coordinates the design of alloy compositions, and further the performance of lifting alloy product, described
The temperature of high-temperature homogenization heat treatment is preferably 460~470 DEG C, more preferably 462~468 DEG C, more preferably 464~466 DEG C.
The time of the high-temperature homogenization heat treatment is preferably 16~24h, more preferably 18~24h, more preferably 19~24h.
The present invention especially considers influence of the alloying element to alloy casting and alloy strength, meanwhile, especially research
Influence of the heat treatment process to alloy comprehensive performance, research and development have obtained 7 ××× line aluminium alloy of superhigh intensity, by alloy
Influence of the techniques such as melting and casting, heat treatment to alloy microscopic structure, designs and has formulated alloy production processing technology.Particularly
The homogenizing heat treatment of " low temperature+high temperature " is employed, with reference to the characteristics of alloying component element and microscopic structure, is not being adopted
With fine aluminium shop fixtures, without wiper under conditions of, obtained more excellent alloy casting state performance.Also it is follow-up extrusion process, carries
Good ingot casting blank has been supplied, has improved strength character, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance of alloy etc., has met that train body closes
The requirement of key load bearing component.
Aluminium alloy cast ingot after the homogenization heat treatment that the present invention again obtains above-mentioned steps, cooling (more preferably cool down
To room temperature), then after extruding, obtain squeeze wood.
The mode of the extruding is not particularly limited in the present invention, with such aluminium alloy well known to those skilled in the art
Fashion of extrusion, those skilled in the art can be made choice according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement and
Adjustment, extruding of the present invention are preferably hot extrusion.
The parameter of the extruding is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the parameter with extruding well known to those skilled in the art is
Can, those skilled in the art can make choice and adjust according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement, the present invention
The temperature of the extruding is preferably 380~450 DEG C, more preferably 390~440 DEG C, more preferably 400~430 DEG C, more preferably
410~420 DEG C.The speed of the extruding is preferably 0.4~0.7m/min, more preferably 0.45~0.65m/min, more preferably
0.5~0.55m/min.
The present invention has obtained squeeze wood by above-mentioned steps.The form of the squeeze wood is not particularly limited in the present invention,
In the form of the squeeze wood of common process metaplasia well known to those skilled in the art production, those skilled in the art can basis
Practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement make choice and adjust, and squeeze wood of the present invention preferably includes extruded tube
Material or bar.
The present invention obtains 7xxx systems aluminium finally by the squeeze wood that above-mentioned steps obtain after solution hardening and artificial aging
Alloy material.
The step of present invention in the solution hardening to being dissolved and parameter are not particularly limited, ripe with those skilled in the art
The step of solid solution for the such aluminium alloy known and parameter, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, products
It is required that and quality requirement make choice and adjust, the temperature of solid solution of the present invention can be 460~470 DEG C, can be 462~
468 DEG C, or 464~466 DEG C.The soaking time of solid solution of the present invention can be 2.0~8.0h, can be 3.0~
7.0h, or 4.0~6.0h.
The step of present invention in the solution hardening to quenching and mode are not particularly limited, ripe with those skilled in the art
The step of quenching for the such aluminium alloy known and mode, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, products
It is required that and quality requirement make choice and adjust, the mode of quenching of the present invention is preferably vertical quenching；The quenching it is cold
But mode is preferably water quenching.
The present invention is to further improve the performance of alloy product, complete and refinement production technology, after the solution hardening
Further include and park step.The parameter for parking step is not particularly limited in the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art
The parameter of step is parked, those skilled in the art can carry out according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
Selection and adjustment, the time of the present invention parked is preferably 5~8 days, more preferably 5.5~7.5 days, more preferably 6~7
My god.
The present invention to the artificial aging the step of and parameter be not particularly limited, with it is well known to those skilled in the art this
The step of artificial aging of class aluminium alloy and parameter, those skilled in the art can want according to practical condition, product
Ask and quality requirement makes choice and adjusts, the temperature of artificial aging of the present invention is preferably 105~140 DEG C, more preferably
110~135 DEG C, more preferably 115~130 DEG C, more preferably 120~125 DEG C.The time of artificial aging of the present invention is preferred
For 12~24h, more preferably 14~22h, more preferably 16~20h.
Of the invention is the performance for further improving alloy product, complete and refinement production technology, of the present invention artificial
Timeliness further preferably uses twin-stage artificial aging.
The temperature of the level-one artificial aging of twin-stage artificial aging of the present invention is preferably 100~110 DEG C, more preferably
102~108 DEG C, more preferably 104~106 DEG C.The time of the level-one artificial aging of twin-stage artificial aging of the present invention is preferred
For 5~12h, more preferably 7~10h, more preferably 8~9h.
The temperature of the two level artificial aging of twin-stage artificial aging of the present invention is preferably 105~140 DEG C, more preferably
120~140 DEG C, more preferably 123~138 DEG C, more preferably 125~135 DEG C.The two level of twin-stage artificial aging of the present invention
The time of artificial aging is preferably 8~20h, more preferably 10~18h, more preferably 12~16h.
Present invention employs the solid solution system of special parameter, but especially make use of alloy solid solution quench after, stronger nature
Ageing behavior, carries out parking processing, the mechanical strength and hardness of alloy is further improved by natrual ageing, and be based on alloy aluminum
For material after solution hardening, compound phase is largely solid-solution in alloy substrate, after specific artificial aging step, alloy
Intensity is obviously improved.
Above-mentioned steps of the present invention provide the preparation of a kind of strong 7xxx line aluminium alloys material of superelevation and its low-cost industrial
Method.The present invention carries out creative selection and combination to each component of aluminium alloy, and is aided with specific proportional amount, also spy
It not have studied in alloy the master alloying such as Zn, Mg, Cu in each alloys producing and the influence to alloy property, especially alloy
Influence of the content and proportioning (particularly Zn/Mg ratios, Cu/Mg ratios) of element to alloy casting, mechanical property, in conjunction with grinding
The alloying elements such as alloy trace element Ni, Zr, Ti and Impurity Fe, Si are studied carefully to fracture toughness, corrosion resistance, fatigue behaviour
Influence, finally obtained the strong 7xxx line aluminium alloy materials of superelevation.And the strong 7xxx line aluminium alloys of superelevation provided by the invention
Material does not add any noble metal or rare element, while preparation section passes through the wound to process also using conventional processes
The property made combines and selection, with reference to specific technological parameter so that preparation process is simple, without adding expensive production equipment and numerous
Trivial technique, speed of production fully meet normal industrial production speed, and cost is low, the popularization that is suitable for industrialized large-scaled production and should
With there is important practical significance, be expected in fields such as heavy haul train, aerospace, oil explorations (drilling rod), obtain extensive
Using.
Experimental study and industrialized production show, the novel ultra-high strength 7xxx aluminum alloy materials developed, tension
Intensity can reach 788MPa, yield strength 772MPa, elongation percentage more than 7.5%, available for key structure load bearing component, to traffic
Lightweight application, the loss of weight such as carriage body and parts, geological prospecting drilling rod are obvious.700MPa grades of relationship for new ultra high strength aluminum alloy
Material, can obtain in communications and transportation lightweight, geological prospecting drilling rod, baseball bat, golf clubs and bicycle structure part etc.
Obtain extensive use.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, with reference to embodiments to a kind of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material provided by the invention
Homogenizing heat treatment and the production methods of 7xxx line aluminium alloy materials be described in detail, but it is to be understood that these
Embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, gives detailed embodiment and specifically operated
Journey, is simply further explanation the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than limiting to the claimed invention, guarantor of the invention
Shield scope is also not necessarily limited to following embodiments.
Raw and auxiliary material used is commercially available in following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
7xxx alloy compositions：Si is 0.05%, Fe 0.04%, and Cu 1.4%, Mn 0.35%, Mg are
2.8%, Cr 0.12%, Zn 9.3%, Ti 0.05%, single impurity≤0.05%, adds up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus
For Al.
Ingot diameters are 162mm；
Ingot homogenization：Ingot casting first order soaking, heating-up temperature are 400 DEG C, soaking time for 8 it is small when, then carry out the
Two level soaking, heating-up temperature are 465 DEG C, and when soaking time is 24 small, the type of cooling is air-cooled to come out of the stove.
Ingot casting railway carriage machines：After ingot casting excision head, tail, machining turnning and milling removes surface defect layer.
Casting rod temperature is 420 DEG C, and extrusion cylinder temperature is 430 DEG C, and mold temperature is 430 DEG C, extrusion speed 0.54m/min,
Straightening deformation rate is 1% or so, and extruded rod finished product diameter of rod is
Solution hardening：Using vertical heater quenching solution, heating-up temperature is 465 DEG C, when soaking time is 6 small, the type of cooling
For water cooling, quenching shift time is 25 seconds.
7xxx Aluminium Alloy Extruded Bars after the solution hardening prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 1 characterize.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the electromicroscopic photograph of the extruded bars quenching state after solution hardening prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Artificial aging：Using box timeliness air furnace timeliness.Heating-up temperature is 120 DEG C, when soaking time is 16 small, cooling
Mode is air-cooled to come out of the stove.
Performance detection is carried out with reference to national standard to superhigh intensity 7xxx aluminum alloy materials prepared by the embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the property of superhigh intensity 7xxx aluminum alloy materials prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 and 7075 alloys
Figure can be compared.
The mechanical performance data of the superhigh intensity 7xxx aluminum alloy materials prepared referring to table 1, table 1 for the embodiment of the present invention.
Table 1
Embodiment 2
7xxx alloy compositions：Si is 0.02%, Fe 0.10%, and Cu 1.3%, Mn 0.01%, Mg are
2.7%, Cr 0.16%, Zn 9.5%, Ti 0.058%, single impurity≤0.05%, adds up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus
For Al.
Ingot diameters are 385mm；
Ingot homogenization：Ingot casting first order soaking, heating-up temperature are 390 DEG C, soaking time for 10 it is small when, then carry out the
Two level soaking, heating-up temperature are 468 DEG C, and when soaking time is 24 small, the type of cooling is air-cooled to come out of the stove.
Ingot casting railway carriage machines：After ingot casting excision head, tail, machining turnning and milling removes surface defect layer.
Casting rod temperature is 430 DEG C, and extrusion cylinder temperature is 425 DEG C, and mold temperature is 430 DEG C, extrusion speed 0.48m/min,
Straightening deformation rate is 1% or so, and extruded rod finished product tubing is a diameter of
Solution hardening：Using vertical heater quenching solution, heating-up temperature is 468 DEG C, when soaking time is 8 small, the type of cooling
For water cooling, transfer time is 20 seconds.
The aluminium alloy extruded finished product tubing of 7xxx after the solution hardening prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 2 characterizes.
Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the mirco structure of the extruding tubing quenching state after solution hardening prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2
Photo.
Artificial aging：Using box timeliness air furnace timeliness.Heating-up temperature is 115 DEG C, when soaking time is 24 small, cooling
Mode is air-cooled to come out of the stove.
Performance detection is carried out with reference to national standard to superhigh intensity 7xxx aluminum alloy materials prepared by the embodiment of the present invention.
The mechanical performance data of the superhigh intensity 7xxx aluminum alloy materials prepared referring to table 1, table 1 for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
7xxx alloy compositions：Si is 0.05%, Fe 0.085%, and Cu 1.2%, Mn 0.54%, Mg are
2.9%, Cr 0.13%, Zn 9.4%, Ti 0.06%, single impurity≤0.05%, adds up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus
For Al.
Ingot diameters are 590mm；
Ingot homogenization：Ingot casting first order soaking, heating-up temperature are 400 DEG C, soaking time for 10 it is small when, then carry out the
Two level soaking, heating-up temperature are 470 DEG C, and when soaking time is 24 small, the type of cooling is air-cooled to come out of the stove.
Ingot casting railway carriage machines：After ingot casting excision head, tail, machining turnning and milling removes surface defect layer.
Casting rod temperature is 430 DEG C, and extrusion cylinder temperature is 420 DEG C, and mold temperature is 430 DEG C, extrusion speed 0.50m/min,
Straightening deformation rate is 1% or so, and extruded rod finished product tubing is a diameter of
Solution hardening：Using vertical heater quenching solution, heating-up temperature is 465 DEG C, when soaking time is 8 small, the type of cooling
For water cooling, transfer time is 20 seconds.
Artificial aging：Using box timeliness air furnace timeliness.Heating-up temperature is 125 DEG C, when soaking time is 12 small, cooling
Mode is air-cooled to come out of the stove.
Performance detection is carried out with reference to national standard to superhigh intensity 7xxx aluminum alloy materials prepared by the embodiment of the present invention.
The mechanical performance data of the superhigh intensity 7xxx aluminum alloy materials prepared referring to table 1, table 1 for the embodiment of the present invention.
Above to a kind of strong 7xxx line aluminium alloys material of inexpensive superelevation for heavy haul train draw bar provided by the invention
The production of the homogenizing heat treatment of material and the strong 7xxx line aluminium alloys material of inexpensive superelevation for heavy haul train draw bar
Method is described in detail, and specific case used herein is set forth the principle of the present invention and embodiment,
The explanation of above example is only intended to helping to understand method and its core concept of the invention, including best mode, and
So that any person skilled in the art can put into practice the present invention, including manufacture and using any device or system, and implement
The method of any combination.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, the principle of the invention is not being departed from
Under the premise of, some improvement and modification can also be carried out to the present invention, these are improved and modification also falls into the claims in the present invention
In protection domain.The scope of patent protection of the present invention is defined by the claims, and may include that those skilled in the art can
The other embodiment expected.If these other embodiments have the structural element for being not different from claim character express,
Or if they include equivalent structural elements of the character express without essence difference with claim, then these other implementations
Example should also be included in the range of claim.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of homogenizing heat treatment of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A) aluminium alloy stock is subjected to melting and casting after dispensing, obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot；
B) aluminium alloy cast ingot that above-mentioned steps obtain is obtained after the heat treatment of low temperature homogenization and high-temperature homogenization heat treatment
Aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenization heat treatment.
2. homogenizing heat treatment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of the melting is 720~760
℃；
The time of the melting is 5~10h；
The casting speed of the casting is 20~45mm/min；
The cooling water flow of the casting is 15~28m3/h；
The temperature of the casting is 730~755 DEG C.
3. homogenizing heat treatment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the length of the aluminium alloy cast ingot is
4800~5800mm；
A diameter of 162~590mm of the aluminium alloy cast ingot.
4. homogenizing heat treatment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of the low temperature homogenization heat treatment
Spend for 380~420 DEG C；The time of the low temperature homogenization heat treatment is 8~12h；
The temperature of the high-temperature homogenization heat treatment is 460~470 DEG C；The time of high-temperature homogenization heat treatment for 16~
24h；
Cooling step is further included after the homogenization heat treatment.
5. homogenizing heat treatment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the group of the 7xxx line aluminium alloys material
Into including：
Cu：1.0%~1.5%；
Mg：2.3%~3.0%；
Cr：0.1%~0.25%；
Zn：9.0%~10.0%；
Zr：0.1%~0.15%；
Si：≤ 0.10%；
Fe：≤ 0.12%；
Mn：≤ 0.60%；
Ti：≤ 0.07%；
The aluminium of surplus.
6. homogenizing heat treatment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aluminum alloy materials are small for aluminium alloy
Specification extruded bars or tubing；
A diameter of 15~45mm of the bar；
A diameter of 40~55mm of the tubing；The wall thickness of the tubing is 6~10mm.
7. a kind of production method of 7xxx line aluminium alloys material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) by after the homogenization heat treatment prepared described in the homogenizing heat treatment described in claim 1~6 any one
Aluminium alloy cast ingot obtains squeeze wood after extruding；
2) by the squeeze wood that above-mentioned steps obtain after solution hardening and artificial aging, 7xxx line aluminium alloy materials are obtained.
8. production method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the temperature of the extruding is 380~450 DEG C；
The speed of the extruding is 0.4~0.7m/min；
The squeeze wood includes extruding tubing or bar.
9. production method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the temperature of the solid solution is 460~470 DEG C；
The soaking time of the solid solution is 2.0~8.0h；
Further included after the solution hardening and park step；
The time parked is 5~8 days.
10. production method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the temperature of the artificial aging is 105~140 DEG C；
The time of the artificial aging is 12~24h；
The aluminum alloy materials are T6 states；
The artificial aging includes twin-stage artificial aging.
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| CN109295352A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-01 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of yield strength is higher than the high-conductivity aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof of 350MPa |
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