CN107937748A - A kind of method that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering - Google Patents

A kind of method that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering Download PDF

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CN107937748A
CN107937748A CN201710983770.6A CN201710983770A CN107937748A CN 107937748 A CN107937748 A CN 107937748A CN 201710983770 A CN201710983770 A CN 201710983770A CN 107937748 A CN107937748 A CN 107937748A
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composite material
tungsten
sintering
prepared
copper composite
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CN107937748B (en
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冯可芹
周虹伶
柯思璇
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045Alloys based on refractory metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/04Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The method disclosed by the invention that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering is first fully to mix tungsten powder, molybdenum powder and copper powder ball milling, powder after mixing is put into mould and is pressed into cylindrical structure green compact, then green compact are put into reative cell, with specific heat treatment process, tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared at a lower temperature.Due to the present invention be directed to existing infiltration method prepare tungsten copper alloy there are the problem of, a kind of method that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering is provided, compared with existing infiltration method, this method can make preparation temperature be reduced to 700 ~ 1000 DEG C by 1100 ~ 1600 DEG C, also preparation time can be made to foreshorten to 4 ~ 27min by 100 ~ 760min, and the present invention directly acts on base substrate using electric field and can complete densification process to its instant heating, technique, easy to implement is simplified, can also obtain that crystal grain is tiny and compact product.Solves the shortcomings of sintering temperature height existing for existing sintering method, sintering time length, complex process.

Description

A kind of method that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of composite preparation, and in particular to a kind of compound with high current resistance sintered tungsten molybdenum copper The preparation method of material.
Background technology
W-Cu and Mo-Cu alloys are all the two-phase mixtures tissue groups by being neither dissolved and not formed intermetallic compound mutually Into composite material.W-Cu has the characteristics that good resistance to arc erosion, resistance fusion welding, high intensity and high rigidity, extensive Applied to electric, military equipment, aerospace and other new technical fields, though Mo-Cu can largely realize component Loss of weight requirement, but its elevated temperature strength and Burning corrosion resistance are still not competent under high-temperature severe environment, and can be only applied to some makes With the relatively low occasion of temperature, such as airvane, counterweight, connecting plate.Therefore, on the basis of W-Cu alloys, with part Mo into Divide upper replacement W, synthesis W-Mo-Cu composite materials are expected to realize the optimum organization of W-Cu, Mo-Cu alloy property, and can be according to need Change tungsten proportioning more neatly to regulate and control to material property, further widen the application range of material, be suitable for More fields.
Research report at present both at home and abroad to W-Mo-Cu composite materials is very few, and newly retrieved and institute is looked into through technology The technology related to the present invention recognized only has two.Tang Liang is bright et al., and (tungsten oozes the mechanical property of copper product and tissue is ground Study carefully, powder metallurgy industry, 2011,21 (3):Tungsten 6-10) is prepared using traditional infiltration method and oozes copper product, this method is by powder Granularity be respectively 6.64 μm tungsten powder and 5.0 μm molybdenum powder mix after through cold isostatic compaction, pass through specific heat treatment process Tungsten skeleton is made(Do not provided in specific process parameter text), metal infiltration of copper is then obtained into tungsten into skeleton in copper stove is oozed Molybdenum oozes copper product.CN103194629 discloses a kind of preparation method of tungsten molybdenum copper composite material, equally with tungsten mixed-powder pressure Tungsten biscuit is made, then tungsten skeleton is obtained with the sintering method pre-burning of first vacuum, rear hydrogen atmosphere, then soaks pre-burning skeleton Enter in liquid phase copper and tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared.Its preparation process is:By tungsten biscuit be placed under vacuum with 10 ~ The heating rate of 30 DEG C/min keeps the temperature 60 ~ 240min after being warming up to 800 ~ 1600 DEG C, is then switched off vacuum, is filled with into heating furnace Hydrogen, continues 60 ~ 240min of insulation, last furnace cooling, obtains tungsten skeleton;Again in 1100 ~ 1400 DEG C of 20 ~ 120min of infiltration Postcooling obtains tungsten molybdenum copper composite material.This method is not only more demanding to production equipment, and it is high to consume energy;Secondly because need to first obtain Tungsten skeleton infiltration again is obtained, need to pass through and be heat-treated twice, therefore complex process, long preparation period, considerably increases production cost;And Sintering temperature is high, sintering time length, be easy to cause that material grains are thick, influences application of the material as new function material.
To sum up, the method for above-mentioned existing two preparations tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is infiltration method, i.e., first in high temperature Under the conditions of prepare tungsten skeleton, then copper is oozed to prepare tungsten molybdenum copper composite material by high temperature.There are sintering temperature height, burning for this method Knot time length, crystal grain are grown up the shortcomings of serious, and these cumbersome processes add production process, increase the difficulty of production Degree, increases production cost, so as to limit the popularization and application of tungsten molybdenum copper composite material to a certain extent.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, providing a kind of with the preparation of high current electrical resistance sintering The method of tungsten molybdenum copper composite material, this process simplify technique and easy to implement, reduces production cost.With existing infiltration Method prepares tungsten molybdenum copper composite material and compares, and high current resistance sintering process is applied to sintering prepares W-Mo-Cu alloys, preparation temperature 700 ~ 1000 DEG C can be reduced to by 1100 ~ 1600 DEG C, preparation time can also be foreshortened to 4 ~ 27min by 100 ~ 760min, and tungsten, molybdenum are brilliant Grain is tiny and is tightly combined, it consumes electric energy and there was only the 1/4 ~ 1/3 of conventional sintering technique, solves the existing burning of existing infiltration method The shortcomings of junction temperature is high, sintering time length, complex process.
The method provided by the invention that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering, the concrete technology of this method Step and condition are as follows.
1st, first 25 ~ 45wt%W, 35 ~ 55wt%Mo and 10 ~ 30wt%Cu powder are added stainless in high-energy planetary formula ball mill In steel ball grinding jar, ball milling is then carried out to be uniformly mixed(Rotational speed of ball-mill is 80 ~ 150r/min, when Ball-milling Time is 0.5 ~ 4 small), A little alcohol is added while ball milling to prevent powder from being aoxidized in mechanical milling process.
2nd, by the uniform tungsten copper powders of ball milling mixing be pressed into a mold cylindrical structure and relative density for 68% ~ Green compact, are then positioned in heating equipment by 80% green compact, output voltage be 3 ~ 10V, output current be 4000 ~ 12000A Electric field, directly act on base substrate using electric field and sintering densification realized to its instant heating.It is 10 in vacuum-3The condition of Pa Under, green compact is kept the temperature 1 ~ 5min after being warming up to 200 DEG C, be then continuously heating to 700 ~ 1000 with the heating rate of 10 ~ 200 DEG C/s DEG C after-applied dwell pressure P(10~45MPa), then keep the temperature power-off after 5 ~ 15min and obtain W-Mo-Cu alloys.
In order to which the purpose of the present invention is better achieved, the present invention additionally uses following measures:The grain of W, Mo powder used Spend and for 2 ~ 3 μm, use granularity as 20 ~ 30 μm of Cu powder.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have the positive effect that.
1st, acted directly on due to of the invention using electric field on pressed compact, so as to reduce activation energy, promote lattice diffusion, The solid-state diffusion between the powder in pressed compact can thus be accelerated, be conducive to the densification of sintered body, and then realize in cryogenic conditions Under can also realize solid-state diffusion and reach densification, obtain the purpose of sintered body.
2nd, the present invention prepares tungsten molybdenum copper composite material with high current resistance sintering process, and tungsten copper is prepared with existing infiltration method Composite material is compared, and this method can make preparation temperature be reduced to 700 ~ 1000 DEG C by 1100 ~ 1600 DEG C, can also make preparation time by 100 ~ 760min foreshortens to 4 ~ 27min, it consumes electric energy and there was only the 1/4 ~ 1/3 of conventional sintering technique.
3rd, since the sintering temperature with the method for the present invention sintering tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is low, sintering time is short, thus sinters The grain growth of body can be effectively controlled, and can obtaining 0.5 ~ 3 μm or so of superfine grained structure, (existing infiltration method prepares tungsten The grain structure of copper alloy be 10 ~ 15 μm), be conducive to improve material performance.
4th, tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared compared to infiltration method, and the present invention directly rapidly adds it by base substrate using electric current Heat can complete densification process and prepare tungsten molybdenum copper composite material, thus enormously simplify production technology, shorten manufacturing cycle, Energy consumption can be not only reduced, production cost is further saved, can also improve the operating condition for preparing environment.Therefore consume energy low, all Phase is short, efficient, meets the requirement of " green production ".
5th, since the technological parameters such as the programming rate of the present invention, pressure can be adjusted, can conveniently and effectively control Heating process.
6th, the method for the present invention is simple, reliable, can easily be accommodated control.
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is thermal simulation machine heating part schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is tungsten molybdenum copper composite material microstructure figure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Fig. 3 is tungsten molybdenum copper composite material microstructure figure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 6.
Fig. 4 is tungsten molybdenum copper composite material microstructure figure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 11.
Fig. 5 is tungsten molybdenum copper composite material microstructure figure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 12.
Fig. 6 is tungsten molybdenum copper composite material microstructure figure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 15.
Fig. 7 is tungsten molybdenum copper composite material microstructure figure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 20.
Embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to which indicated herein is that the present embodiment is served only for The present invention is further described, it is impossible to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the person skilled in the art in the field Some nonessential modifications and adaptations can be made according to the content of the invention described above.
What deserves to be explained is:1) ratio of material is mass percent used in following embodiment;2) present invention is implemented Example is all to be pressed into a diameter of 13.1mm, the highly cylinder green compact for 11mm, then controllable pulse electric current is added on green compact(4000 ~12000A), directly act on base substrate using electric field and sintering densification process realized to its instant heating.
Specific implementation steps of the invention are as follows.
Embodiment 1 ~ 20.
1st, by the copper powder that granularity is 20 ~ 30 μm, the tungsten powder and molybdenum powder that granularity is 2 ~ 3 μm are respectively according to quality listed in table Proportioning, which adds, carries out ball milling in high-energy planetary formula ball mill, while adds a little alcohol in ball grinder to prevent powder in ball milling During aoxidized.
2nd, the tungsten copper powders for mixing ball milling load in mould the green compact for being pressed into cylindrical structure, and green relative density It is maintained at 68% ~ 80%.
3rd, green compact are positioned in heating equipment, in the electricity that output voltage is 3 ~ 10V, output current is 4000 ~ 12000A , vacuum 10-3Under conditions of Pa, to green compact direct-electrifying carry out instant heating, make green compact be warming up to 200 DEG C after insulation 1 ~ 5min, is then continuously heating to 700 ~ 1000 DEG C of after-applied dwell pressure P with the heating rate of 10 ~ 200 DEG C/s(10~45MPa), Power-off obtains W-Mo-Cu alloys after keeping the temperature 5 ~ 15min again.
4th, blank shape remains intact in sintering process, and the densification degree of gained tungsten copper alloy is very high;In order to compare The microscopic appearance difference for the tungsten copper alloy that the method for the present invention is prepared with traditional infiltration method, by the embodiment of the present invention 3,6,11,12, 15th, 20 sintering gained tungsten copper alloys it has been carried out with scanning electron microscope observation photograph, its photo see respectively Fig. 2,3,4,5,6, 7.It can be seen from the figure that all extremely tiny with the method for the present invention sintering tungsten molybdenum copper composite material crystal grain, this illustrates energy of the present invention Obtain fine grain structure and tungsten copper alloy with high performance
The formula and process conditions of each embodiment of 1 W-Mo-Cu composite materials of table

Claims (6)

1. a kind of preparation method with high current resistance sintered tungsten composite material of molybdenum and copper, it is characterised in that first will be with percentage by weight 25 ~ 45wt%W, the 35 ~ 55wt%Mo and 10 ~ 30wt%Cu powder of meter are uniformly mixed according to proportioning, then the tungsten copper powders that will be mixed Cylindrical structure is pressed into a mold and relative density is 68% ~ 80% green compact, and green compact are then positioned over heating equipment In, in the electric field that output voltage is 3 ~ 10V, output current is 4000 ~ 12000A, vacuum 10-3Under conditions of Pa, to green compact Direct-electrifying carries out instant heating, green compact is kept the temperature 1 ~ 5min after being warming up to 200 DEG C, then with the heating rate of 10 ~ 200 DEG C/s It is continuously heating to 700 ~ 1000 DEG C of after-applied dwell pressure P(10~45MPa), then keep the temperature power-off after 5 ~ 15min and obtain W-Mo-Cu Alloy.
2. the method according to claim 1 that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering, it is characterised in that This method directly acts on base substrate using electric field can complete densification process to its instant heating, simplify technique, be easy to real Apply.
3. the method according to claim 1 that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering, it is characterised in that This method controls in 10 ~ 200 DEG C/s the sintering programming rate of green compact.
4. the method according to claim 1 that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering, it is characterised in that This method can complete sintering at low temperature and prepare tungsten molybdenum copper composite material(700~1000℃).
5. the method according to claim 1 that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering, it is characterised in that Whole heating preparation process only needs 4 ~ 27min.
6. the method according to claim 1 that tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with high current electrical resistance sintering, it is characterised in that The granularity of W, Mo powder used is 2 ~ 3 μm, uses granularity as 20 ~ 30 μm of Cu powder.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109207762A (en) * 2018-10-29 2019-01-15 四川大学 A method of tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with microwave sintering
CN110480008A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-22 北京工业大学 It is a kind of to prepare three-dimensional communication tungsten-based composite material and method using laser 3D printing
CN110983085A (en) * 2019-12-28 2020-04-10 泰州市华诚钨钼制品有限公司 Manufacturing process of tungsten-molybdenum composite material
CN112620631A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-04-09 四川大学 Method for preparing Mo-Cu alloy by field-assisted activation sintering
EP4169639A4 (en) * 2020-06-18 2024-06-19 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Electric current sintering method and electric current sintering device

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CN102154568A (en) * 2011-05-16 2011-08-17 中北大学 Method for preparing Mo-W-Cu alloy
CN103194629A (en) * 2013-03-26 2013-07-10 金堆城钼业股份有限公司 Method for preparing tungsten molybdenum copper composite material

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US2983996A (en) * 1958-07-30 1961-05-16 Mallory & Co Inc P R Copper-tungsten-molybdenum contact materials
CN102154568A (en) * 2011-05-16 2011-08-17 中北大学 Method for preparing Mo-W-Cu alloy
CN103194629A (en) * 2013-03-26 2013-07-10 金堆城钼业股份有限公司 Method for preparing tungsten molybdenum copper composite material

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109207762A (en) * 2018-10-29 2019-01-15 四川大学 A method of tungsten molybdenum copper composite material is prepared with microwave sintering
CN110480008A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-22 北京工业大学 It is a kind of to prepare three-dimensional communication tungsten-based composite material and method using laser 3D printing
CN110983085A (en) * 2019-12-28 2020-04-10 泰州市华诚钨钼制品有限公司 Manufacturing process of tungsten-molybdenum composite material
EP4169639A4 (en) * 2020-06-18 2024-06-19 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Electric current sintering method and electric current sintering device
CN112620631A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-04-09 四川大学 Method for preparing Mo-Cu alloy by field-assisted activation sintering

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