CN107937012B - Critical hydrolysis treatment device and method for waste tires - Google Patents
Critical hydrolysis treatment device and method for waste tires Download PDFInfo
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- CN107937012B CN107937012B CN201711106458.5A CN201711106458A CN107937012B CN 107937012 B CN107937012 B CN 107937012B CN 201711106458 A CN201711106458 A CN 201711106458A CN 107937012 B CN107937012 B CN 107937012B
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- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The critical hydrolysis treatment device for the waste tires comprises a reaction kettle, a combustor, a heat exchanger and a water tank; the lower part and the upper part of the heat exchanger are respectively connected with the lower part and the upper part of the reaction kettle; the top of the reaction kettle is provided with a feed inlet and a gas discharge pipe, and the bottom of the reaction kettle is provided with a slag outlet and a liquid discharge pipeline; the burner is arranged at the lower part of the heat exchanger; the water tank is connected with the heat exchanger. The lower part of the reaction kettle is connected with the lower part of the heat exchanger through a liquid discharge pipeline, and an oil-water filter, an oil circulating valve and an oil check valve are sequentially connected onto the liquid discharge pipeline; the liquid discharge pipeline is also connected with a discharge valve, and the discharge valve is connected with the oil-water filter in parallel. The oil-water filter is also connected with the water tank through a water return pipe. The burner is adopted to heat water in the heat exchanger into steam, the steam is supplied to the reaction kettle to be used as a heating agent and a reactant to react with the waste tire, and the temperature and the pressure are regulated to reach a water critical state to hydrolyze the waste tire. The invention has the advantages of high reaction speed, simple process, small secondary pollution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to solid waste treatment equipment and a method, in particular to critical water treatment equipment and a method for waste tires, belongs to the fields of environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, and is particularly suitable for producing fuel oil and fuel gas by hydrolyzing the waste tires and the like at high temperature.
Background
With the rapid development of automobile industry in China, the demand on automobile tires is increased year by year. It is reported that 1.9 million tires were scrapped in our country in 2008 only one year. The service life of tires is generally not longer than 10 years, and therefore the number of discarded tires will also increase rapidly year by year. Developed countries have invested large amounts of capital and resources for the treatment or recycling of scrap tires over the last several decades. At present, the methods for treating the waste tires mainly comprise: direct integral utilization, renovation, heat energy utilization, rubber powder preparation, pyrolysis and the like.
The direct and integral utilization of waste tires is generally in the aspects of civil engineering, agriculture and animal husbandry. For example, tires may be used as farm guardrails; can be used as a buffer for ships at a wharf port; the method is used for reinforcing and preventing scour at two sides of the embankment. The retreading of the tyre is to remove the worn tyre outer layer, then attach new rubber and other raw materials to carry out vulcanization, repair and processing again, thereby achieving the purpose of prolonging the service life of the tyre. The heat value of the tire can reach 36MJ/kg, so the tire can be used as fuel for heat utilization, and at present, two methods are internationally adopted, namely direct incineration and mixing of the tire with other fuels for combustion. The waste tires can be pyrolyzed to obtain substances such as crude carbon black, pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and the like. For the pyrolysis of waste tires, chinese patent CN101842464A discloses an apparatus and a method for pyrolyzing waste tires, wherein the pyrolysis apparatus includes two reaction chambers, different pyrolysis parameters can be selected in the two reaction chambers for different tires, and hot flue gas generated by a gas burner is used to directly heat the reactor. Chinese patent CN1944581A discloses a method for continuously pyrolyzing waste tires by using a gas furnace kiln, wherein a gas push plate type tunnel kiln is used as a cracking device, a catalyst is added, the pyrolysis temperature is 250-550 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 1-4 h. Chinese patent CN103980925A discloses a pyrolysis furnace and a treatment process for treating waste tires, wherein after the broken tire blocks are pyrolyzed, the pyrolysis residue is used for recovering steel wires and carbon black, the liquid phase is used for obtaining light oil, and the pyrolysis gas provides fuel for the pyrolysis furnace. Chinese patent CN206204225U discloses a fixed bed reactor for low-temperature continuous pyrolysis treatment of waste tires, which is provided with a magnetic separator, a steel wire conveyor, a fixed carbon collection bin and the like, and can feed continuously. In the above tire pyrolysis processes, tire pyrolysis is performed in an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient atmosphere, and the pyrolysis speed and the oil production quality need to be improved. The pyrolysis speed and the oil production quality can be improved by pyrolysis under the action of the solvent. The critical water (SCW) is water in a critical state (critical temperature 374 ℃ and critical pressure 22.1MPa), and a vapor-liquid two-phase interface of the critical water disappears, so that the critical water has the characteristics of high liquid dissolving capacity, density, high gas diffusion coefficient and low viscosity, and the characteristics enable the tire to be hydrolyzed by utilizing the critical water, but an effective process system for hydrolyzing the waste tire by utilizing the critical water is lacked at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides equipment and a method for treating waste tires by using critical water or supercritical hydrolysis based on technologies such as high-temperature pyrolysis, hydrolysis and the like, and the equipment and the method can be used for treating waste automobile tires and recovering fuel oil and fuel gas.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the critical hydrolysis treatment device for the waste tires comprises a reaction kettle, a combustor, a heat exchanger and a water tank; the lower part and the upper part of the heat exchanger are respectively connected with the lower part and the upper part of the reaction kettle; a feed inlet and a gas discharge pipe are arranged at the top of the reaction kettle, and a slag outlet and a liquid discharge pipeline are arranged at the bottom of the reaction kettle; the burner is arranged at the lower part of the heat exchanger; the water tank is connected with the heat exchanger.
In the technical scheme, the lower part of the reaction kettle is connected with the lower part of the heat exchanger through a liquid discharge pipeline, and an oil-water filter, an oil circulating valve and an oil check valve are sequentially connected between the reaction kettle and the heat exchanger on the liquid discharge pipeline; the liquid discharge pipeline is further connected with a discharge valve, and the discharge valve is connected with the oil-water filter in parallel.
In the technical scheme, the oil-water filter is also connected with the upper part of the water tank through a water return pipe, and a water return valve and an oil-water separator are arranged on the water return pipe; the oil-water separator is also provided with a bypass pipeline, and the bypass pipeline is provided with an oil outlet valve.
In the technical scheme, a heat exchange tube is arranged in the heat exchanger; the upper part of the heat exchanger is provided with a main steam pipe which is connected with the upper part of the reaction kettle; a main steam valve and a water spraying desuperheater are connected between the main steam pipe and the reaction kettle; and a temperature sensor is arranged between the water spray desuperheater and the reaction kettle.
In the technical scheme, a water replenishing pump is arranged between the water tank and the heat exchanger, and water in the water tank is fed into the heat exchanger through the water replenishing pump; and the outlet of the water replenishing pump is provided with a water check valve; the outlet of the water check valve is also connected with the water spray desuperheater through a desuperheater water pipe, and the desuperheater water pipe is connected with the heat exchanger in parallel; and a water spraying valve is also arranged on the temperature reduction water pipe.
As a further improved technical scheme, a pressure sensor is also arranged on the reaction kettle.
As a further improved technical scheme, a safety valve and a gas discharge valve are arranged on the gas discharge pipe.
The method for the critical hydrolysis treatment of the waste tires by using the critical hydrolysis treatment device of the waste tires comprises the following steps:
cutting waste tires to be treated and the like into small pieces, and placing the small pieces into a reaction kettle from a feed inlet of the reaction kettle;
filling water into the water tank and filling the water into the heat exchange tubes in the heat exchanger;
starting a burner to heat water in the heat exchange tube into steam;
introducing steam in the heat exchange tube into the reaction kettle to serve as a heating agent to react with the waste tire;
adjusting the pressure and temperature in the reaction kettle to reach the range of preset values (critical state of water);
and (3) after the waste tire is decomposed for a certain time t in a preset temperature and pressure range, shutting down the combustor, and collecting a gas product through a gas discharge pipe and a liquid product through a liquid discharge pipe after the pressure in the reaction kettle is reduced to a preset value.
The critical hydrolysis treatment method for the waste tires also comprises a pressure and temperature regulation method:
the steam enters a reaction kettle;
opening a water return valve, sending low-temperature and low-pressure condensate water in the reaction kettle back to the water tank through the oil-water separator, and closing the water return valve after the indicated value of the pressure sensor of the reaction kettle is increased to a preset pressure value P1;
opening a discharge valve, discharging the high-temperature and high-pressure condensate water in the reaction kettle until the waste tire in the reaction kettle is heated to a preset temperature T1, and closing the discharge valve;
opening an oil circulating valve, simultaneously adjusting the output of a combustor, and maintaining the indicated value of a pressure sensor on the reaction kettle within the range of a preset pressure value P2;
the water spray valve is adjusted to maintain the indicated value of the temperature sensor within the range of the preset temperature value T2.
In the above method, the pressure value and the temperature value range are as follows: p1 is less than or equal to 0.2MPa, T1 is less than or equal to 150 ℃, P2 is less than or equal to 20MPa, T2 is less than or equal to 360 ℃ and 390 ℃, and T is less than or equal to 2 hours.
The method has the advantages and prominent effects that the ① critical hydrothermal hydrolysis technology has the characteristics of high organic matter solubility, easy product separation, high reaction speed, recyclable reaction heat and the like, the ② process is simple, the steam supply system can continuously operate, the pyrolysis device intermittently operates and is convenient to fill, the ③ reaction medium is clean and pollution-free purified water, the cost is low, the purified water can be recycled, the ④ hydrolysis product is liquid-phase oil, gas-phase fuel gas and solid-phase carbon black, the added value of the product is high, the ⑤ hydrolysis reaction is an exothermic reaction, the heat released by the reaction can be used as much as possible to meet the requirement of preheating of reactants, and the heat supplied from the outside is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a critical hydrolysis treatment apparatus for waste tires according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a reaction kettle; 2-a slag outlet; 3-a liquid discharge conduit; 4-a discharge valve; 5-oil water filter; 6-oil outlet valve; 7-oil water separator; 8-a water return valve; 9-oil check valve; 10-oil circulation valve; 11-water check valve; 12-a water replenishing pump; 13-a water tank; 14-a water return pipe; 15-a burner; 16-a temperature reduction water pipe; 17-a heat exchanger; 18-heat exchange tubes; 19-a chimney; 20-a main steam pipe; 21-main steam valve; 22-water spray desuperheater; 23-a temperature sensor; 24-a feed port; 25-safety valve; 26-gas discharge pipe; 27-a gas discharge valve; 28-a pressure sensor; 29-water spray valve.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments and operation of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The terms of orientation such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear in the present specification are established based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings. The corresponding positional relationship may also vary depending on the drawings, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection.
As shown in FIG. 1, the critical hydrolysis treatment device for waste tires comprises a reaction kettle 1, a burner 15, a heat exchanger 17 and a water tank 13. The lower part and the upper part of the heat exchanger 17 are connected with the lower part and the upper part of the reaction kettle 1 respectively. The water tank 13 is connected with the heat exchanger 17 and supplies water working medium to the heat exchanger 17. The burner 15 is arranged at the lower part of the heat exchanger 17 and is used for heating the water working medium in the heat exchanger 17. The top of the heat exchanger 17 is provided with a chimney 19.
The top of the reaction kettle 1 is provided with a feed inlet 24 and a gas discharge pipe 26, and the bottom of the reaction kettle 1 is provided with a slag outlet 2 and a liquid discharge pipeline 3. The gas discharge pipe 26 is provided with a safety valve 25 and a gas discharge valve 27 for pressure relief of the reaction vessel 1 or collection of discharged gas products.
The lower part of the reaction kettle 1 is connected with the lower part of the heat exchanger 17 through a liquid discharge pipeline 3. An oil-water filter 5, an oil circulating valve 10 and an oil check valve 9 are sequentially connected between the reaction kettle 1 and the heat exchanger 17 on the liquid discharge pipeline 3. The liquid discharge pipeline 3 is also provided with a bypass, a discharge valve 4 is connected to the bypass, and the discharge valve 4 is connected with the oil-water filter 5 in parallel.
The oil-water filter 5 is also connected with the upper part of the water tank 13 through a water return pipe 14, and a water return valve 8 and an oil-water separator 7 are further sequentially arranged on the water return pipe 14 from the oil-water filter 5 to the water tank 13. In other words, the return valve 8 and the oil circulation valve 10 are connected in parallel to the oil-water filter 5. And the oil-water separator 7 is also provided with a bypass pipeline corresponding to the water return pipe 14, the bypass pipeline is connected with an oil outlet valve 6, the opening and closing of the bypass pipeline are controlled, and the oil outlet valve 6 is opened, so that the oil separated by the oil-water separator 7 is discharged from the device for treatment or utilization.
The upper part of the heat exchanger 17 is provided with a main steam pipe 20 which is connected with the upper part of the reaction kettle 1, and after the burner 15 heats the working medium water in the heat exchanger 17 to generate steam, the steam is supplied to the reaction kettle 1 through the main steam pipe 20. In order to realize the control of the steam quantity and the temperature, a main steam valve 21 and a water spray desuperheater 22 are connected between the main steam pipe 20 and the reaction kettle 1. If the steam temperature exceeds the desired temperature, water is sprayed through the water spray desuperheater 22 for desuperheating. A temperature sensor 23 is arranged between the water spray desuperheater 22 and the reaction kettle 1. The reaction kettle 1 is also provided with a pressure sensor 28 for measuring the pressure in the reaction kettle 1 in real time.
A water replenishing pump 12 is arranged between the water tank 13 and the heat exchanger 17, the water replenishing pump 12 supplies water in the water tank 13 to the heat exchanger 17, a heat exchange pipe 18 is arranged in the heat exchanger 17, and working medium water flows in the heat exchange pipe 18. To prevent the water in the heat exchanger 17 from flowing back to the water tank 13, a water check valve 11 is provided at the outlet of the water replenishing pump 12. The water replenishing pump 12 also supplies water to the water spray desuperheater 22, namely, a desuperheater water pipe 16 is arranged at the outlet of the water check valve 11 and connected with the water spray desuperheater 22, and the desuperheater water pipe 16 is connected with a heat exchanger 17 in parallel. In order to control the flow rate of the desuperheating water, the desuperheating water pipe 16 is further provided with a water spray valve 29.
The method for the critical hydrolysis treatment of the waste tires by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
cutting waste tires to be treated and the like into small pieces, and placing the small pieces into the reaction kettle 1 from a feed port 24 of the reaction kettle 1;
filling the water tank 13 with water and injecting the water into the heat exchanger 17;
starting the combustor 15 to heat the water in the heat exchanger 17 into steam;
introducing steam in the heat exchange tube 18 into the reaction kettle 1, preheating the waste tires as a heating agent, and reacting the waste tires as a reaction agent;
low-temperature preheating, namely opening a water return valve 8, sending low-temperature and low-pressure condensate water in the reaction kettle 1 back to a water tank 13 through an oil-water separator 7, closing the water return valve 8 after the indicated value of a pressure sensor 28 of the reaction kettle 1 is increased to a preset pressure value P1, and entering the next section of high-temperature preheating;
preheating at high temperature, opening a discharge valve 4, discharging high-temperature and high-pressure condensate water in the reaction kettle 1 until the waste tires in the reaction kettle 1 are heated to a preset temperature T1, and closing the discharge valve 4;
the steam consumption is saved by combining low-temperature preheating and high-temperature preheating;
opening the oil circulating valve 10, adjusting the output of the burner 15, and maintaining the indicated value of the pressure sensor 28 on the reaction kettle 1 within the range of the preset pressure value P2;
adjusting the water spray valve 29 to maintain the indicated value of the temperature sensor 23 within the range of the preset temperature value T2;
at the moment, the pressure and the temperature in the reaction kettle 1 are adjusted to be within a preset value range, namely the critical state value range of water;
after the waste tire is decomposed for a certain time t within a predetermined temperature and pressure range, the burner 15 is stopped, and after the pressure in the reaction vessel is reduced to a predetermined value, the gaseous product is collected through the gas discharge pipe 26, and the liquid product is collected through the liquid discharge pipe 3.
In the above method, the gas product collection requires opening the gas discharge valve 27 on the gas discharge pipe 26. And the liquid product needs to be collected by opening the discharge valve 4 connected to the liquid discharge pipeline 3, and the water return valve 8 and the oil circulating valve 10 need to be closed.
The pressure and temperature values range from: p1 is less than or equal to 0.2MPa, T1 is less than or equal to 150 ℃, P2 is less than or equal to 20MPa, T2 is less than or equal to 360 ℃ and 390 ℃, and T is less than or equal to 2 hours.
In operation, the waste material is gradually heated to a preset critical temperature by opening the oil circulating valve to enable the fluid in the reaction kettle and the fluid in the heat exchange pipe to form thermodynamic circulation. And through the thermal circulation of the fluid in the reaction kettle and the heat exchange tube, the heat required by the hydrolysis of the waste tire can be supplemented in time, and the stability of the temperature and the pressure in the reaction kettle is favorably maintained.
And (3) continuously supplying water by using a water replenishing pump, increasing the output of the combustor at the same time, raising the pressure in the reaction kettle to a preset critical pressure, and then maintaining the pressure by adjusting the output of the combustor.
When the temperature in the reaction kettle is over-high, the temperature and the pressure in the reaction kettle can be maintained to be stable through water spraying, temperature reduction and drainage discharge.
The technology can utilize oil or gas produced by the pyrolysis process as fuel of the burner, and can also utilize externally supplied gas or fuel oil as fuel.
The technology can also be used for treating other plastic product wastes which are difficult to degrade, medical wastes which need high-temperature treatment and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The critical hydrolysis treatment device of the waste tire is characterized in that: the device comprises a reaction kettle (1), a combustor (15), a heat exchanger (17) and a water tank (13); the lower part and the upper part of the heat exchanger (17) are respectively connected with the lower part and the upper part of the reaction kettle (1); a feed inlet (24) and a gas discharge pipe (26) are arranged at the top of the reaction kettle (1), and a slag outlet (2) and a liquid discharge pipeline (3) are arranged at the bottom of the reaction kettle (1); the burner (15) is arranged at the lower part of the heat exchanger (17); the lower part of the reaction kettle (1) is connected with the lower part of the heat exchanger (17) through a liquid discharge pipeline (3), and an oil-water filter (5), an oil circulating valve (10) and an oil check valve (9) are sequentially connected between the reaction kettle (1) and the heat exchanger (17) on the liquid discharge pipeline (3); the liquid discharge pipeline (3) is also connected with a discharge valve (4), and the discharge valve (4) is connected with the oil-water filter (5) in parallel; the oil-water filter (5) is connected with the upper part of the water tank (13) through a water return pipe (14), and a water return valve (8) and an oil-water separator (7) are arranged on the water return pipe (14); the water tank (13) is connected with the heat exchanger (17).
2. The critical hydrolysis treatment apparatus for waste tires according to claim 1, wherein: the oil-water separator (7) is provided with a bypass pipeline, and the bypass pipeline is provided with an oil outlet valve (6).
3. The critical hydrolysis treatment apparatus for waste tires according to claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the heat exchanger (17) is provided with a main steam pipe (20) which is connected with the upper part of the reaction kettle (1); a main steam valve (21) and a water spray desuperheater (22) are further connected between the main steam pipe (20) and the reaction kettle (1), and a temperature sensor (23) is arranged between the water spray desuperheater (22) and the reaction kettle (1).
4. The critical hydrolysis treatment apparatus for waste tires according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: a water replenishing pump (12) is arranged between the water tank (13) and the heat exchanger (17), and a water check valve (11) is arranged at the outlet of the water replenishing pump (12); the outlet of the water check valve (11) is also connected with a water spray desuperheater (22) through a desuperheater water pipe (16), and the desuperheater water pipe (16) and the heat exchanger (17) are arranged at the outlet of the water check valve (11) in parallel; and a water spraying valve (29) is also arranged on the temperature reduction water pipe (16).
5. The critical hydrolysis treatment apparatus for waste tires according to claim 1, wherein: and a pressure sensor (28) is arranged on the reaction kettle (1).
6. The critical hydrolysis treatment apparatus for waste tires according to claim 1, wherein: the gas discharge pipe (26) is provided with a safety valve (25) and a gas discharge valve (27).
7. The critical hydrolysis treatment method of the waste tire is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method employs the apparatus of claim 1, and comprises:
cutting the waste tire to be treated into small blocks, and placing the small blocks into the reaction kettle (1) from a feed port (24) of the reaction kettle (1);
filling the water tank (13) with water, and injecting the water into the heat exchanger (17);
starting a combustor (15) to heat water in the heat exchanger (17) into steam;
introducing steam in the heat exchanger (17) into the reaction kettle (1) as a heating agent to preheat the waste tires, and then as a reaction agent to react with the waste tires;
preheating the reaction kettle (1) at a low temperature, opening a water return valve (8), sending low-temperature and low-pressure condensate water in the reaction kettle (1) back to a water tank (13) through an oil-water separator (7), adjusting the pressure of the reaction kettle (1) to be raised to a preset pressure value P1, and closing the water return valve (8); preheating the reaction kettle (1) at a high temperature, opening a discharge valve (4), discharging high-temperature and high-pressure condensate water in the reaction kettle (1) until the waste tire in the reaction kettle (1) is heated to a preset temperature T1, and closing the discharge valve (4);
opening an oil circulating valve (10), adjusting the output of a combustor (15), and maintaining the pressure on the reaction kettle (1) within a preset pressure value P2 range;
adjusting the pressure and temperature in the reaction kettle (1) to reach a preset value range;
after the waste tire is decomposed for a certain time t in a preset temperature and pressure range, the burner (15) is closed, after the pressure in the reaction kettle is reduced to a preset value, a gas product is collected through a gas discharge pipe (26), and a liquid product is collected through a liquid discharge pipeline (3).
8. The method for critical hydrolysis treatment of discarded tires according to claim 7, characterized in that: the upper part of the heat exchanger (17) is provided with a main steam pipe (20) which is connected with the upper part of the reaction kettle (1); a main steam valve (21) and a water spray desuperheater (22) are further connected between the main steam pipe (20) and the reaction kettle (1), and a temperature sensor (23) is arranged between the water spray desuperheater (22) and the reaction kettle (1); a water replenishing pump (12) is arranged between the water tank (13) and the heat exchanger (17), and a water check valve (11) is arranged at the outlet of the water replenishing pump (12); the outlet of the water check valve (11) is also connected with a water spray desuperheater (22) through a desuperheater water pipe (16), and the desuperheater water pipe (16) and the heat exchanger (17) are arranged at the outlet of the water check valve (11) in parallel; a water spray valve (29) is also arranged on the temperature reduction water pipe (16); the method further comprises the following steps:
the water spray valve (29) is adjusted to maintain the indication value of the temperature sensor (23) within the predetermined temperature value T2.
9. The method for critical hydrolysis treatment of discarded tires according to claim 8, characterized in that: the pressure and temperature values range from: p1 is less than or equal to 0.2MPa, T1 is less than or equal to 150 ℃, P2 is less than or equal to 20MPa, T2 is less than or equal to 360 ℃ and 390 ℃, and T is less than or equal to 2 hours.
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| CN107937012B true CN107937012B (en) | 2020-02-14 |
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| CN113648930A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-16 | 清华大学 | Solid phase support and automatic oil-solid separation high-pressure reaction kettle |
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| CN102039297B (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2012-12-19 | 上海国环能源开发有限公司 | Medical waste subcritical hydrolysis processing apparatus |
| WO2014178831A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Systems and methods for reducing corrosion in a reactor system |
| CN106554794A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-04-05 | 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 | A kind of junked tire prepares fuel oil and carbon black process |
| CN106350094A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-01-25 | 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 | Waste tire supercritical water catalysis recycling method |
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