CN107935904A - 一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN107935904A
CN107935904A CN201711142677.9A CN201711142677A CN107935904A CN 107935904 A CN107935904 A CN 107935904A CN 201711142677 A CN201711142677 A CN 201711142677A CN 107935904 A CN107935904 A CN 107935904A
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palladium
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benzazole compounds
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王玉波
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Tianjin Chong Yan Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/04Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
    • C07D209/08Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/04Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
    • C07D209/10Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/04Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
    • C07D209/10Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
    • C07D209/12Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms

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Abstract

本发明提供一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法,通过苯胺及其类似物与炔烃在钯/碳作用下进行催化环化反应,形成相应的吲哚类化合物。本方法的有益效果是:制备方法工艺简单、原料廉价易得、产率高、无需惰性气体保护、反应温度较温和。

Description

一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及吲哚类化合物的合成领域,特别是一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法。
背景技术
吲哚类衍生物在自然界中广泛存在,在药物研发,农业化学和香料等领域得到了广泛的应用。因其独特的化学性质,它们备受科学工作者的青睐。参阅:1)Gul W,Hamann MT.Indole alkaloid marine natural products:An established source of cancerdrug leads with considerable promise for the control of parasitic,neurological and other diseases.Life.Scien,2005,78(5):442-453;2)Smart B P,Oslund R C,Walsh L A,et al.The first potent inhibitor of mammal ian group Xsecreted phosphol ipase A2:elucidation of sites for enhancedbinding.J.Med.Chem,2006,49(10):2858-2860;3)Tanimori S,Ura H,KirihataM.Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles.Eur.J.Org.Chem,2007,2007(24):3977-3980;4)Denekamp C,Feringa B L.Optically ActiveDiarylethenes for Multimode Photoswitching Between Liquid-CrystallinePhases.Adv.Mater,1998,10(14):1080-1082;5)Remaud G S,Martin Y L,Martin G G,etal.Authentication of mustard oils by combined stable isotope analysis(SNIF-NMR and IRMS).J.Agric.Food Chem,1997,45(5):1844-1848.
在过去的一个世纪中,吲哚类化合物的合成一直是有机化学的一个重要研究领域,各种新颖的方法被成功的开发出来,吲哚及其衍生物可以由含有铜,铑,钯及其他金属的催化剂催化相对应的原料制得,参阅:6)Tanimori S,Ura H,Kirihata M.Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles.
Eur.J.Org.Chem,2007,2007(24):3977-3980;7)Cai Q,Li Z,Wei J,etal.Assembly of indole-2-carboxylic acid esters through a ligand-free copper-catalysed cascade process.Chem.Comm,2009(48):7581-758;8)Ackermann L,Barfuesser S,Potukuchi H K.Copper-catalyzed N-arylation/hydroamin(d)ationdomino synthesis of indoles and its application to the preparation of aChek1/KDR Kinase Inhibitor Pharmacophore.Adv.Synth.Catal,2009,351(7-8):1064-1072;9)Wei Y,Deb I,Yoshikai N.Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic OxidativeCyclization of N-Aryl Imines:Indole Synthesis from Anilines andKetones.J.Am.Chem.Soc,12,134(22):9098-9101;10)Zhao D,Shi Z,Glorius F.IndoleSynthesis by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Hydrazine-Directed C-H Activation:RedoxNeutral and Traceless by N-N Bond Cleavage.Angew.Chem.In.Ed,2013,52(47):12426-12429;11)Zheng L,Hua R.Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation and IndoleSynthesis With Hydrazone as an Auto-Formed and Auto-leavable DirectingGroup.Chem.Eur.J,2014,20(16):2352-2356.迄今为止没有文献报道利用钯/碳作为催化剂直接催化苯胺和炔烃合成吲哚类衍生物的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述技术分析和存在问题,开发了一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法,该合成方法利用钯/碳作为催化剂,由苯胺及其衍生物与炔烃衍生物一步反应合成吲哚类化合物,其起始原料廉价易得、合成工艺简单、无需惰性气体保护、收率高、官能团普适性范围广、反应温度温和,钯/碳催化剂可以重复使用。
本发明的技术方案:
一类吲哚类化合物,其化学结构通式为(I):
式中:R1可以为氢、甲基、甲氧基、卤素(氟、氯、溴),苯基、酯基、氰基;R2、R3可以相同,也可以不同。R2、R3可以为芳香族取代基例如:苯基、4-甲苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-氯苯基、3-氯苯基;可以为脂肪族取代基,例如:乙基。
一种所述吲哚类衍生物的制备方法,通过苯胺及其衍生物与炔烃衍生物在钯/碳催化剂的催化下进行环化反应,形成吲哚类化合物,其具体操作步骤如下:
1)在提前烘干的装有磁子的Schlenk反应瓶中,依次加入苯胺、炔烃、钯/碳、碳酸盐、碘化物,得到混合物;
2)在上述混合物中加入反应溶剂,拧紧旋塞,然后将Schlenk反应瓶置于提前预热好的150℃油浴中,开启搅拌,反应48h,得到棕黑色反应液;
3)在上述反应液中加入水和乙酸乙酯,分液得到有机相,用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸馏,除去乙酸乙酯,过硅胶柱,得到类白色固体状目标产物。
所述苯胺为含有不同取代基的苯胺类衍生物,其中取代基可以为给电子取代基(甲基、甲氧基)、吸电子取代基(酯基、氰基)、苯基以及卤素(氟、氯、溴)。
所述炔烃衍生物包括苯环上含有甲基、甲氧基、氯的芳香双取代对称炔烃或者含有乙基的对称烷基炔烃以及一侧为苯环一侧为烷基的非对称炔烃。
所述钯/碳催化剂中钯的含量为催化剂总质量的5-10﹪。
所述碳酸盐为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾。
所述碘化物为碘化钠、碘化钾或碘化铵。
所述反应溶剂为二甲基亚砜或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
所述苯胺、炔烃、钯/碳、碳酸盐、碘化物的摩尔比为1:2:0.1:1.5:0.5。
所述二甲基亚砜或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或苯胺衍生物的用量比为2.0mL:0.2mmol。
本方法的优点在于:该吲哚类化合物的合成工艺简单、钯/碳催化剂可重复利用、原料廉价易得、反应条件温、无需惰性气体保护、产率高以及官能团的普适性广等特点。该方法制备的吲哚类衍生物可广泛用于医药的制备。
具体实施方式
本发明的突出的实质性特点和显著效果,可以从下列实例中得以体现,但它们不对本发明作任何限制。
实施例1-16:
一种吲哚类化合物,其化学结构通式为(I):
式中:R1为脂肪族取代基或芳香族取代基;R2、R3为脂肪族取代基、芳香族取代基,R2、R3可以相同,也可以不同。
所述吲哚类化合物1-16的制备方法,通过苯胺与炔烃在钯/碳催化下发生环化反应,形成相应的吲哚类化合物,步骤如下:
1)在预先烘干的装有磁子的50mL Schlenk反应管中,加入0.3mmol苯胺、0.9mmol炔烃、0.03mmol钯/碳、0.3mmol碳酸钠、0.15mmol二水合碘化钠,混合均匀;
2)加入1.0mL二甲基甲酰胺后,将反应管置于预热好的150℃油浴中,封闭反应48小时;
3)加入水和乙酸乙酯,分液得到有机相,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,过硅胶柱,制得白色固体状目标物。
所述实施例中:苯胺为不同取代基的苯胺类化合物,包括脂肪族取代基、芳香族取代基、含酯基、含有氧或卤素杂原子碳的脂肪族取代基,见表1;炔烃包括苯环上带有甲基、甲氧基或氯的芳香双取代对称炔烃、1-苯基丙炔或及一侧为苯环一侧为烷基的非对称炔烃,见表1;钯-碳催化剂中钯的质量为催化剂总质量的5﹪;碘化物为碘化钠。
表1为实施例1-16原料、产物分子式及产率
实施例1-16的产物结构式如下所示:
其中:化合物1-10中为脂肪族取代基、芳香族取代基、含酯基,甲氧基及卤素取代的苯环取代基的苯胺类化合物与二苯乙炔环化形成的不同R1取代的吲哚类化合物;化合物11-16为苯环上带甲基、甲氧基、氯的对称炔烃或者3-己炔以及1-苯基丁炔与苯胺环化形成的不同R2,R3取代的吲哚类化合物。
化合物1-16的核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、高分辨质谱参见文献:D.Zhao,Z.Shi,F.Glorius,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2013,52,12426–12429.
化合物1-16的核磁氢谱、核磁碳谱,见表2,3
表2化合物1-16的1H NMR数据
表3化合物1-16的13C NMR数据
以上所制备的吲哚类化合物,均可用于医药中间体的制备。
以上对本发明的一个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法,其特征在于:通过苯胺及其衍生物与炔烃在钯/碳的催化下发生环化反应,形成吲哚类化合物,步骤如下:
1)在预先烘干的装有磁子的反应管中,加入苯胺、炔烃、钯/碳、碳酸钠、碘化物,混合均匀,得到混合液;
2)在上述混合液中加入二甲基甲酰胺,然后将反应管置于预热好的150℃油浴中,密封反应48小时,得到反应液;
3)在上述反应液中加入水和乙酸乙酯,分液得到有机相,用旋转蒸发除去溶剂,过硅胶柱,制得类白色固体状目标物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述苯胺为不同取代基的苯胺类化合物,包括脂肪族取代基、芳香族取代基、含酯基、含有氧或卤素杂原子的取代基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述炔烃包括苯环上带有甲基、甲氧基或氯的芳香双取代对称炔烃或者对称脂肪族炔烃3-己炔以及非对称炔烃1-苯基丁炔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述钯/碳催化剂中钯的质量为催化剂总质量的5-10﹪。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述碘化物为碘化钠、碘化钾或碘化铵。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述苯胺及其类似物、炔烃、钯-碳、碳酸钠、碘化物的摩尔比为1:3:0.1:1:0.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种钯/碳作为催化剂制备吲哚类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述二甲基甲酰胺与苯胺的用量比为1.0mL:0.3mmo l。
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