CN107935063A - Utilize the nickel oxide method that directly leaching prepares nickel salt under normal pressure - Google Patents

Utilize the nickel oxide method that directly leaching prepares nickel salt under normal pressure Download PDF

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CN107935063A
CN107935063A CN201711156784.7A CN201711156784A CN107935063A CN 107935063 A CN107935063 A CN 107935063A CN 201711156784 A CN201711156784 A CN 201711156784A CN 107935063 A CN107935063 A CN 107935063A
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nickel
nickel oxide
solution
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under normal
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郭勇
卢晓锋
李亦婧
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/10Sulfates
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种常压法浸出镍氧化物制备硫酸镍或氯化镍的方法,是将稀硫酸溶液与镍氧化物混合,在50~100℃条件下搅拌反应1~5h,逐渐生成黄绿色固体;固液分离后,黄绿色固体先用蒸馏水洗涤至弱酸性,再用蒸馏水或浓度为1~5%的双氧水水溶液溶解,生成相应的硫酸镍溶液;或将盐酸溶液与镍氧化物混合,在50~100℃条件下搅拌反应1~3h,逐渐生成绿色氯化镍溶液。本方法制备的镍盐溶液的镍含量都在110g/L以上。本发明通过浸出法在常压下直接反应,得到硫酸镍和氯化镍,有效简化了硫酸镍和氯化镍的生产流程,降低了成本;而且从源头上减少了杂质引入,有效提高了硫酸镍品质。The invention discloses a method for preparing nickel sulfate or nickel chloride by leaching nickel oxide under normal pressure. The dilute sulfuric acid solution is mixed with nickel oxide, stirred and reacted at 50-100°C for 1-5 hours, and yellow is gradually formed. Green solid; after solid-liquid separation, the yellow-green solid is washed with distilled water to weak acidity, and then dissolved in distilled water or hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution with a concentration of 1~5% to generate the corresponding nickel sulfate solution; or mix hydrochloric acid solution with nickel oxide , stirred and reacted at 50~100°C for 1~3h, and gradually produced a green nickel chloride solution. The nickel content of the nickel salt solution prepared by the method is all above 110g/L. The invention directly reacts under normal pressure by leaching to obtain nickel sulfate and nickel chloride, which effectively simplifies the production process of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride and reduces the cost; and reduces the introduction of impurities from the source, effectively increasing the sulfuric acid Nickel quality.

Description

利用镍氧化物在常压下直接浸出制备镍盐的方法Method for preparing nickel salt by direct leaching of nickel oxide under normal pressure

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种镍盐的制备方法,尤其涉及一种在常压下利用镍氧化物直接制备高纯硫酸镍或氯化镍的方法。The invention relates to a method for preparing nickel salt, in particular to a method for directly preparing high-purity nickel sulfate or nickel chloride by using nickel oxide under normal pressure.

背景技术Background technique

镍盐是重要的化工原料。例如,硫酸镍(NiSO4)作为一种重要的化工原料,广泛地应用于电镀、电池、印染、医药、建筑、国防等领域;氯化镍(NiCl2)应用于镀镍、制隐显药水及做氨吸收剂等方面。硫酸镍和氯化镍的制备方法主要有化学法和电化学法。硫酸镍和氯化镍的传统生产原料包括电镍、高冰镍、含镍的废旧物质以及粗氢氧化镍。镍的氧化物有氧化亚镍(NiO)、四氧化三镍(Ni3O4)及三氧化二镍(Ni2O3)三种形态。三氧化二镍仅在低温时稳定,加热至400~500℃,即离解为四氧化三镍,进一步提高温度最终变为氧化亚镍,在镍氧化物中镍的质量分数可高达78.5%。但是,鲜有以镍氧化物直接制备硫酸镍和氯化镍的文献和专利报道。Nickel salt is an important chemical raw material. For example, nickel sulfate (NiSO 4 ), as an important chemical raw material, is widely used in electroplating, batteries, printing and dyeing, medicine, construction, national defense and other fields; nickel chloride (NiCl 2 ) is used in nickel plating, making invisible liquid And do ammonia absorbent, etc. The preparation methods of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride mainly include chemical method and electrochemical method. The traditional raw materials for the production of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride include electronic nickel, high nickel matte, nickel-containing waste materials and crude nickel hydroxide. Nickel oxide has three forms of nickel suboxide (NiO), nickel trioxide (Ni 3 O 4 ) and nickel trioxide (Ni 2 O 3 ). Nickel trioxide is only stable at low temperature. When heated to 400~500°C, it dissociates into nickel trioxide, and further increases the temperature to finally become nickelous oxide. The mass fraction of nickel in nickel oxide can be as high as 78.5%. However, there are few literature and patent reports on the direct preparation of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride with nickel oxide.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种利用镍氧化物在常压下直接制备高纯镍盐硫酸镍或氯化镍的方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that utilizes nickel oxide to directly prepare high-purity nickel salt nickel sulfate or nickel chloride under normal pressure.

本发明制备高纯硫酸镍或氯化镍的方法,是以镍氧化物为原料,通过常压浸出法直接制得硫酸镍和氯化镍,其具体制备工艺如下:The present invention prepares the method for high-purity nickel sulfate or nickel chloride, is to be raw material with nickel oxide, directly makes nickel sulfate and nickel chloride by atmospheric pressure leaching method, and its specific preparation process is as follows:

1、硫酸镍的制备1, the preparation of nickel sulfate

将稀硫酸溶液与镍氧化物混合,在50~90℃条件下搅拌反应1~5h,逐渐生成黄绿色固体(硫酸镍与氧化镍混合物);固液分离后,黄绿色固体先用蒸馏水洗涤至弱酸性,再用蒸馏水或浓度为1~5%的双氧水水溶液溶解,生成相应的硫酸镍溶液。为了使原料完全转化为黄绿色固体,在反应过程中需补加浓硫酸溶液。硫酸溶液的浓度为1.84~18.4 M,镍氧化物与稀硫酸溶液的质量体积比为1:6 g/ml。Mix dilute sulfuric acid solution with nickel oxide, stir and react at 50~90°C for 1~5h, and gradually generate a yellow-green solid (a mixture of nickel sulfate and nickel oxide); after solid-liquid separation, the yellow-green solid is washed with distilled water to Weakly acidic, and then dissolved in distilled water or hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution with a concentration of 1~5%, to generate the corresponding nickel sulfate solution. In order to completely convert the raw material into a yellow-green solid, it is necessary to add concentrated sulfuric acid solution during the reaction. The concentration of sulfuric acid solution is 1.84~18.4 M, and the mass volume ratio of nickel oxide to dilute sulfuric acid solution is 1:6 g/ml.

镍氧化物与硫酸反应的方程式如下:The equation for the reaction of nickel oxide with sulfuric acid is as follows:

NiO + H2SO4 = NiSO4 + H2ONiO + H2SO4 = NiSO4 + H2O

Ni2O3 + 2H2SO4 = 2NiSO4 + 2H2O + 1/2O2Ni 2 O 3 + 2H 2 SO 4 = 2NiSO 4 + 2H 2 O + 1/2O 2

Ni3O4 + 3H2SO4 = 3NiSO4 + 3H2O + 1/2O2Ni 3 O 4 + 3H 2 SO 4 = 3NiSO 4 + 3H 2 O + 1/2O 2

2、氯化镍的制备:将盐酸溶液与镍氧化物混合,在50~90℃条件下搅拌反应1~3h,逐渐生成绿色氯化镍溶液。盐酸溶液的浓度为1.2~12 M;镍氧化物与盐酸溶液的质量体积比为1:6( g/ml)。2. Preparation of nickel chloride: Mix hydrochloric acid solution and nickel oxide, stir and react at 50-90°C for 1-3 hours, and gradually generate green nickel chloride solution. The concentration of hydrochloric acid solution is 1.2-12 M; the mass volume ratio of nickel oxide to hydrochloric acid solution is 1:6 (g/ml).

镍氧化物与盐酸反应的方程式如下:The equation for the reaction of nickel oxide with hydrochloric acid is as follows:

NiO + 2HCl = NiCl2 + H2ONiO + 2HCl = NiCl2 + H2O

Ni2O3 + 6HCl = 2NiCl2 + 3H2O + Cl2Ni 2 O 3 + 6HCl = 2NiCl 2 + 3H 2 O + Cl 2

Ni3O4 + 8HCl = 3NiCl2 + 4H2O + Cl2Ni 3 O 4 + 8HCl = 3NiCl 2 + 4H 2 O + Cl 2

所述镍氧化物为氧化亚镍、氧化镍、四氧化三镍、羟基氧化镍中的任意一种。The nickel oxide is any one of nickelous oxide, nickel oxide, trinickel tetroxide and nickel oxyhydroxide.

经检测,上述以镍氧化物为原料,通过常压浸出法制备的硫酸镍、氯化镍浸出液中,镍离子含量均高于110g/L。It has been tested that the nickel ion content in the nickel sulfate and nickel chloride leaching solutions prepared by the atmospheric pressure leaching method using nickel oxide as raw material is higher than 110 g/L.

本发明以镍氧化物和盐酸/硫酸为原料,通过浸出法在常压下直接反应,得到硫酸镍和氯化镍,有效简化了硫酸镍和氯化镍的生产流程,降低了成本;而且从源头上减少了杂质引入,有效提高了硫酸镍品质。The present invention uses nickel oxide and hydrochloric acid/sulfuric acid as raw materials, and directly reacts under normal pressure through a leaching method to obtain nickel sulfate and nickel chloride, which effectively simplifies the production process of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride, and reduces costs; and from The introduction of impurities is reduced at the source, and the quality of nickel sulfate is effectively improved.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

实施例1Example 1

取5g的镍氧化物置于250ml烧杯中,加入30ml 1.84M的硫酸溶液,在温度为50℃的条件下,搅拌反应1h,逐渐生成大量的黄绿色固体;补加浓硫酸5ml继续反应1h;反应完成后,过滤,滤渣用蒸馏水洗涤至弱酸性,再用30ml蒸馏水加热溶解形成澄清的硫酸镍溶液。未反应的黑色固体原料质量为3.8g,溶液中镍离子含量为30g/L。Take 5g of nickel oxide and place it in a 250ml beaker, add 30ml of 1.84M sulfuric acid solution, stir and react for 1h at a temperature of 50°C, and gradually generate a large amount of yellow-green solid; add 5ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to continue the reaction for 1h; After completion, filter and wash the filter residue with distilled water to weak acidity, then heat and dissolve with 30ml of distilled water to form a clear nickel sulfate solution. The quality of the unreacted black solid raw material was 3.8g, and the nickel ion content in the solution was 30g/L.

实施例2Example 2

取5g的镍氧化物置于250ml烧杯中,加入30ml 5.5M的硫酸溶液,在反应温度为100℃的条件下,搅拌反应1h,逐渐生成大量的黄绿色固体;补加浓硫酸4ml继续反应1h;反应完成后,过滤,滤渣用蒸馏水洗涤至弱酸性,再用30ml2%的双氧水水溶液加热溶解形成澄清溶液。未反应的黑色固体原料质量为1.7g,溶液中镍离子含量为80g/L。Take 5g of nickel oxide and place it in a 250ml beaker, add 30ml of 5.5M sulfuric acid solution, stir and react for 1h at a reaction temperature of 100°C, and gradually generate a large amount of yellow-green solid; add 4ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to continue the reaction for 1h; After the reaction is completed, filter and wash the filter residue with distilled water to weak acidity, then heat and dissolve with 30ml of 2% hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to form a clear solution. The quality of the unreacted black solid raw material was 1.7 g, and the nickel ion content in the solution was 80 g/L.

实施例3Example 3

取5g的镍氧化物置于250ml烧杯中,加入30ml 9.2M的硫酸溶液。在反应温度为80℃的条件下,搅拌反应1h,逐渐生成大量的黄绿色固体,补加浓硫酸3ml继续反应1h。反应完成后,基本无黑色固体原料残留,过滤,滤渣用蒸馏水洗涤至弱酸性,固体残渣直接用30ml5%的双氧水水溶液加热溶解形成澄清溶液。溶液中镍离子含量为121g/L。Take 5g of nickel oxide and put it in a 250ml beaker, add 30ml of 9.2M sulfuric acid solution. Under the condition that the reaction temperature was 80°C, the reaction was stirred for 1 h, and a large amount of yellow-green solid was gradually formed, and 3 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to continue the reaction for 1 h. After the reaction was completed, there was basically no black solid raw material remaining, filtered, and the filter residue was washed with distilled water to weak acidity, and the solid residue was directly heated and dissolved with 30ml of 5% hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to form a clear solution. The nickel ion content in the solution is 121g/L.

实施例4Example 4

取5g的镍氧化物置于250ml烧杯中,加入30ml12.7M的硫酸溶液。在反应温度为80oC的条件下,搅拌反应2h,逐渐生成淡黄绿色固体。反应完成后,过滤,滤渣用蒸馏水洗涤至弱酸性。固体残渣直接用30ml 3%的双氧水水溶液加热溶解形成澄清溶液。未反应的黑色固体原料质量为1.3g。溶液中镍离子含量为90g/L。Take 5g of nickel oxide and place it in a 250ml beaker, add 30ml of 12.7M sulfuric acid solution. Under the condition of the reaction temperature of 80 o C, the reaction was stirred for 2 hours, and a light yellow-green solid was gradually formed. After the reaction is completed, filter, and wash the filter residue with distilled water to weak acidity. The solid residue was directly heated and dissolved with 30ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to form a clear solution. The mass of unreacted black solid starting material was 1.3 g. The nickel ion content in the solution is 90g/L.

实施例5Example 5

取5g的镍氧化物置于250ml烧杯中,加入30ml 18.4M的硫酸溶液。在80℃下搅拌反应5h,逐渐生成少量淡黄绿色固体。反应完成后,过滤,滤渣用蒸馏水洗涤至弱酸性,然后直接用30ml 5%的双氧水水溶液加热溶解形成澄清溶液。未反应的黑色固体原料质量为3.6g。溶液中镍离子含量为35g/L。Take 5g of nickel oxide and place it in a 250ml beaker, add 30ml of 18.4M sulfuric acid solution. The reaction was stirred at 80°C for 5h, and a small amount of pale yellow-green solid was gradually generated. After the reaction is completed, filter and wash the filter residue with distilled water to weak acidity, and then directly heat and dissolve with 30ml of 5% hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to form a clear solution. The mass of unreacted black solid raw material was 3.6 g. The nickel ion content in the solution is 35g/L.

实施例6Example 6

取5g的镍氧化物置于250ml烧杯中,加入30ml 1.2M的盐酸溶液。在50℃下搅拌反应3h,逐渐生成绿色氯化镍溶液。未反应的黑色固体原料质量为4.6g。溶液中镍离子含量为9g/L。Take 5g of nickel oxide and place it in a 250ml beaker, add 30ml of 1.2M hydrochloric acid solution. The reaction was stirred at 50°C for 3h, and a green nickel chloride solution was gradually generated. The mass of unreacted black solid starting material was 4.6 g. The nickel ion content in the solution is 9g/L.

实施例7Example 7

取5g的镍氧化物置于250ml烧杯中,加入30ml 4.8M的盐酸溶液。在反应温度为100℃的条件下,搅拌反应2.5h,逐渐生成绿色氯化镍溶液。未反应的黑色固体原料质量为1.5g。溶液中镍离子含量为85g/L。Take 5g of nickel oxide and put it in a 250ml beaker, add 30ml of 4.8M hydrochloric acid solution. Under the condition that the reaction temperature was 100°C, the reaction was stirred for 2.5 hours, and a green nickel chloride solution was gradually generated. The mass of unreacted black solid raw material was 1.5 g. The nickel ion content in the solution is 85g/L.

实施例8Example 8

取5g的镍氧化物置于250ml烧杯中,加入30ml 8.4M的盐酸溶液;在80℃下搅拌反应2h,逐渐生成绿色氯化镍溶液。溶液中镍离子含量为121g/L。Take 5g of nickel oxide and place it in a 250ml beaker, add 30ml of 8.4M hydrochloric acid solution; stir and react at 80°C for 2h, and gradually generate a green nickel chloride solution. The nickel ion content in the solution is 121g/L.

实施例9Example 9

取5g的镍氧化物置于250ml烧杯中,加入30ml 12M的盐酸溶液。在80℃下搅拌反应1.5h,逐渐生成绿色氯化镍溶液。溶液中镍离子含量为121g/L。Take 5g of nickel oxide and place it in a 250ml beaker, add 30ml of 12M hydrochloric acid solution. The reaction was stirred at 80°C for 1.5h, and a green nickel chloride solution was gradually generated. The nickel ion content in the solution is 121g/L.

上述各实施例中,镍氧化物为市售的高纯镍氧化物,其成分如下表所示:In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the nickel oxide is a commercially available high-purity nickel oxide, and its composition is shown in the following table:

元素element NiNi PbPb CrCr Coco CaCa CdCd CuCu MgMg FeFe NaNa ZnZn Mnmn 含量/%content/% 77.9677.96 0.00060.0006 0.00130.0013 0.00280.0028 0.00320.0032 0.00050.0005 0.00080.0008 0.0200.020 0.00700.0070 0.0550.055 0.00080.0008 0.0130.013

Claims (6)

1. directly prepare the method for nickel salt under normal pressure using nickel oxide, it is characterised in that:
Dilution heat of sulfuric acid is mixed with nickel oxide, 1 ~ 5h of stirring reaction, increasingly generates yellow green and consolidate under the conditions of 50 ~ 100 DEG C Body;After separation of solid and liquid, greenish yellow solid is first washed with distilled water to faintly acid, then with distilled water or the hydrogen peroxide water of concentration 1 ~ 5% Solution dissolves, and generates corresponding nickel sulfate solution;
Or mix hydrochloric acid solution with nickel oxide, 1 ~ 3h of stirring reaction, increasingly generates green chlorination under the conditions of 50 ~ 100 DEG C Nickel solution.
2. the method for directly preparing nickel salt under normal pressure using nickel oxide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:In sulfuric acid , it is necessary to add the concentrated sulfuric acid in the preparation of nickel, the reaction was continued to without starting material left, filtering, filter residue is washed with distilled water to weak substantially Acidity, then use distilled water or the dissolving of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution of concentration 1 ~ 5%, generate corresponding nickel sulfate solution.
3. the method for directly preparing nickel salt under normal pressure using nickel oxide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described dilute The concentration of sulfuric acid solution is 1.84 ~ 18.4 M.
4. the method for directly preparing nickel salt under normal pressure using nickel oxide as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:Nickel aoxidizes The mass volume ratio of thing and dilution heat of sulfuric acid is 1:6 g/ml.
5. the method for directly preparing nickel salt under normal pressure using nickel oxide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Hydrochloric acid is molten The concentration of liquid is 1.2 ~ 12 M;The mass volume ratio of nickel oxide and hydrochloric acid solution is 1:6 g/ml.
6. the method that any one directly prepares nickel salt using nickel oxide under normal pressure as described in claim 1 ~ 5, its feature It is:The nickel oxide is any one in nickel protoxide, nickel oxide, nickelous-nickelic oxide, hydroxy nickel oxide.
CN201711156784.7A 2017-11-20 2017-11-20 Utilize the nickel oxide method that directly leaching prepares nickel salt under normal pressure Pending CN107935063A (en)

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AU2019290870B2 (en) * 2018-06-21 2021-04-01 Jgc Corporation Nickel sulfate compound manufacturing method
WO2019244527A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-26 日揮グローバル株式会社 Method for producing nickel sulfate compound
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CN109279667A (en) * 2018-10-09 2019-01-29 金川集团股份有限公司 A method of LITHIUM BATTERY nickel sulfate is produced by raw material of nickel oxide
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