CN107930396B - Method for concentrated and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas - Google Patents

Method for concentrated and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas Download PDF

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CN107930396B
CN107930396B CN201711211985.2A CN201711211985A CN107930396B CN 107930396 B CN107930396 B CN 107930396B CN 201711211985 A CN201711211985 A CN 201711211985A CN 107930396 B CN107930396 B CN 107930396B
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desulfurization
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CN107930396A (en
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范晓慧
甘敏
季志云
吕薇
汪国靖
陈许玲
姜涛
李光辉
袁礼顺
黄柱成
杨永斌
郭宇峰
张元波
李骞
朱忠平
许斌
邓琼
赵元杰
曹风
张一雄
肖恒
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    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
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    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种烧结烟气集中高效脱硫脱硝的方法,该方法是将烧结机沿入料端至出料端方向的烟气依次分为前段、前中段、中段、中尾段和尾段五部分烟气,将前中段烟气循环利用,使NOx集中排放到烧结机中段烟气中,中段高NOx烟气与中尾段烟气经过换热器换热,与尾段高温烟气汇合使烟气温度大于250℃满足SCR法脱硝要求。换热后的烧结机中尾段高SOx烟气进行脱硫。脱硫后的烟气、脱硝后的烟气与烧结机前段烟气合并,经烟囱进行排放。该方法将SOx和NOx富集在特定区域段进行集中脱硫、脱硝,大幅减少了烟气处理量和降低污染物治理成本。

Figure 201711211985

The invention discloses a method for centralized and high-efficiency desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas. The method is to divide the flue gas of a sintering machine along the direction from the feeding end to the discharging end into five parts: a front section, a front middle section, a middle section, a middle tail section and a tail section. For part of the flue gas, the flue gas in the front and middle sections is recycled, so that NOx is discharged into the flue gas in the middle section of the sintering machine. The gas temperature is higher than 250℃ to meet the denitration requirements of SCR method. After heat exchange, the high SOx flue gas in the middle and tail section of the sintering machine is desulfurized. The flue gas after desulfurization and denitrification are combined with the flue gas in the front section of the sintering machine and discharged through the chimney. The method enriches SOx and NOx in a specific area for centralized desulfurization and denitrification, which greatly reduces the amount of flue gas treatment and the cost of pollutant treatment.

Figure 201711211985

Description

Method for concentrated and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas, in particular to a method for concentrated and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive treatment of ferrous metallurgy flue gas.
Background
Under the background of the era of global warming and ecological environment deterioration, "low carbon economy" based on low energy consumption and low pollution has become the focus of global attention. The steel industry is a basic industry in an industrial system in China, but is also a typical high-energy-consumption and high-pollution industry, and the energy consumption of the steel industry accounts for about 15.25 percent of that of the whole industrial department; the exhaust emission accounts for 16% of the total national industrial emission; the discharged pollution load accounts for about 10% of the total industrial discharge.
The iron-making system of iron and steel enterprises in China mainly adopts a sintering-blast furnace process, wherein the sintering is a process of sintering iron ores, fluxes and fuel ingredients at a high temperature on a sintering machine to form ores after mixing. The sintering process is a main pollution source of the smoke pollutants in the steel industry, the sintering waste gas accounts for 40% of the total waste gas in the steel industry, and the discharged smoke contains various pollutants such as SOx, NOx and the like, so that the treatment difficulty is high.
The emission standard of sintering flue gas pollutants in China is increasingly strict, and from 1 month and 1 day of 2015, China begins to implement a new emission standard of sintering (pelletizing) pollutants in the iron and steel industry, and dust is regulated to be less than or equal to 50mg/Nm3,SO2≤200mg/Nm3,NOx≤300mg/Nm3Dioxin is less than or equal to 0.5ng/Nm3. The national environmental protection department of 6 months in 2017 issues a revised notice of 'emission standards of atmospheric pollutants in the iron and steel sintering and pelletizing industry', and particulate matters and SO are released2NOx emission limit is adjusted to 20mg/Nm3、50mg/Nm3、100mg/Nm3Further stricter the pollutant discharge limit and obviously increased the difficulty of treating the sintering flue gas.
The sintering flue gas treatment in China mainly adopts a single pollutant removal method at present. The flue gas desulfurization mainly adopts limestone-gypsum method, ammonia-ammonium sulfate method, circulating fluidized bed method and the like, and the desulfurization rate can reach more than 90%. The sintering flue gas desulfurization technology is mature in China, and flue gas desulfurization facilities are built in most sintering plants. Therefore, on the basis of desulfurization, how to realize high-efficiency denitration has great significance for treating sintering flue gas pollutants.
The sintering flue gas denitration technology mainly adopts a selective catalytic reduction method (SCR), a non-catalytic reduction method (SNCR), an SCR/SNCR mixed method and the like, and the SCR denitration industrial demonstration of the sintering flue gas is first realized in China. At present, there are two kinds of technical scheme in desulfurization combination SCR denitration, firstly desulfurization afterwards denitration, because desulfurization back sintering flue gas temperature is low, can't reach the required reaction temperature of SCR denitration, need improve sintering flue gas temperature through external heating, lead to that the denitration energy consumption is high, equipment is huge, running costHigh. Secondly, denitration and desulfurization are carried out firstly, and high-concentration SO in the flue gas2Alkali metals, heavy metals and the like have serious poisoning effects on the catalyst, so that the catalyst is easy to lose efficacy, and the catalyst is large in use amount and high in operation cost.
Therefore, although the desulfurization and SCR denitration technologies are mature, the desulfurization and SCR denitration technologies are not organically connected in the sintering flue gas treatment. How to solve the influence of low flue gas temperature and poisoning component on the catalyst, on the basis of guaranteeing desulfurization and denitrification efficiency, the pollutant is economically and efficiently treated, and the method has important practical significance on sintering clean production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of incompatible desulfurization and denitrification in the prior art of combining desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas with SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitrification, such as high energy consumption in desulfurization before denitrification, catalyst poisoning in desulfurization before denitrification and the like, the invention aims to provide a method for concentrated and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas, which is characterized in that SO is used for removing sulfur and denitrification2And NOx are respectively discharged in a specific area of the sintering machine, and are respectively and independently subjected to desulfurization and denitration, so that the compatibility of desulfurization and denitration is realized while the treatment capacity of flue gas is reduced, and therefore, the flue gas is economically and efficiently denitrated on the basis of the existing desulfurization process.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a method for concentrated and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas, which is characterized in that the flue gas of a sintering machine along the direction from a feeding end to a discharging end is sequentially divided into five parts of flue gas, namely a front section, a front middle section, a middle tail section and a tail section, and the length ratio of the front section, the front middle section, the middle tail section and the tail section is 2-4: 4-6: 8-10: 3-5: 2-4; in the sintering process, the front middle section smoke is circulated to the middle section material surface for cyclic utilization, and meanwhile, the hot waste gas of the circular cooler is added, so that the smoke O circularly entering the middle section material surface2The content is more than 16 percent, and the temperature is higher than 100 ℃; after the heat exchange is carried out between the middle section flue gas and the middle tail section flue gas, the temperature of the middle section flue gas is raised to be higher than 120 ℃, and then the middle section flue gas and the tail section flue gas are converged and enter a denitration device for denitration; and the middle-tail section flue gas enters a desulfurization device for desulfurization after heat exchange.
In the preferred scheme, the middle section flue gas and the tail section flue gas are converged, so that the temperature of the converged flue gas is higher than 250 ℃, and the converged flue gas enters a denitration device for denitration.
In a preferred scheme, the denitration device adopts an SCR reactor for denitration.
In a preferable scheme, the desulfurization device adopts one of a lime-gypsum method, an ammonia method, a magnesium method and a fluidized bed dense-phase dry tower method for desulfurization.
The preferred scheme, desulphurization unit exhaust flue gas, denitrification facility discharge and converge with the anterior segment flue gas, discharge through the chimney.
The key of the method for concentrated and efficient desulfurization and denitration of sintering flue gas is that SOx and NOx are concentrated in flue gas in a specific area section and are subjected to concentrated desulfurization and denitration treatment respectively, so that the defect that in the prior art, desulfurization is performed firstly and then denitration is performed, the energy consumption is high, and the problem that catalyst poisoning is easily caused by desulfurization is also solved. At the same time, adding SO2And NOx are respectively enriched and discharged in a specific area of the sintering machine, so that the treatment capacity of the flue gas is greatly reduced, and the flue gas is economically and efficiently desulfurized and denitrated.
The invention relates to a method for concentrated and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas, which is mainly characterized in that flue gas generated in each area in a sintering machine in the sintering process is treated by different methods correspondingly, and front-section flue gas SO is treated2And NOx content is low, and the temperature is low, can directly discharge, and preceding middle section NOx content improves relative anterior segment, but directly carry out denitration treatment and can increase flue gas handling capacity, circulate it to sintering machine middle section reutilization, can be with NOxThe smoke gas is enriched in the middle section of the sintering machine and is converted into high NOx content and low SO content2And (4) carrying out denitration treatment on the flue gas with the content in a centralized manner. In the process of denitration by adopting the SCR reactor, the middle section flue gas is difficult to reach more than 250 ℃, and the denitration requirement of the SCR reactor is difficult to meet. While the middle-tail section flue gas is enriched with alkali metal and SO2The catalyst is directly subjected to desulfurization treatment, so that the toxic action of alkali metal on the catalyst of the SCR reactor is avoided.
Sintering according to the inventionIn the flue gas centralized efficient desulfurization and denitrification method, the front and middle section flue gas is circulated to the charge level of the sintering machine for cyclic utilization, the circulating smoke hood covers the middle section of the sintering machine and is added with the hot waste gas of the circular cooler, so that the gas O in the circulating smoke hood2The content is more than 16 percent, and the temperature is higher than 100 ℃. And NOx is intensively discharged into the flue gas of the middle section of the sintering machine through flue gas circulation.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
① NOx is intensively discharged into the middle section flue gas of the sintering machine through a flue gas circulation technology, and only the flue gas with high NOx concentration needs to be subjected to denitration treatment, so that the flue gas treatment capacity is greatly reduced.
② the smoke temperature before denitration can reach more than 250 ℃ by the internal heat exchange of the middle section smoke and the middle and tail section smoke and the combination of the tail section high temperature smoke without external heating of the smoke, thereby meeting the temperature requirement of SCR high efficiency denitration.
③ high SO2The flue gas is independently desulfurized, and the treatment capacity of the desulfurized flue gas is reduced to about 1/6 of the traditional process, so that the operating cost of the desulfurization process is greatly reduced.
④ high NOx flue gas and high SO2The flue gas is separately and intensively treated, SO that SO is avoided2The poisoning effect of alkali metals such as K, Na on the denitration catalyst is greatly reduced, and the denitration efficiency can be further improved.
⑤ most sintering plants can use the existing desulfurization facilities, only need to add a relatively small denitration device, and can realize high-efficiency desulfurization and denitration without external heat supply, the desulfurization rate reaches more than 95%, the denitration rate reaches more than 70%, meanwhile, the flue gas treatment capacity is greatly reduced, the desulfurization flue gas treatment capacity is reduced by more than 70%, the denitration flue gas treatment capacity is reduced by 50%, the investment cost of the denitration facilities is reduced by 35-50%, and the desulfurization and denitration operation cost is reduced by 30-40%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a conventional sintering flue gas desulfurization and denitrification process;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the sintering flue gas centralized and efficient desulfurization and denitrification process of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention in further detail without limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Fig. 1 is a process flow of a conventional series-connected desulfurization and denitrification process, and fig. 2 is a process flow of the embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which SOx and NOx are respectively enriched and subjected to centralized desulfurization and denitrification treatment.
Example 1
Dividing the sintering machine into five parts of a front section, a front middle section and a middle section, a middle tail section and a tail section along the length direction (namely from a material feeding end to a material discharging end), wherein the length ratio is 3:5:9:4:3, and during the sintering process, the particles of the smoke gas at the front section are less than or equal to 20mg/Nm3、SO2≤50mg/Nm3、NOx≤100mg/Nm3The gas can be directly introduced into a chimney for emission, the front middle section circulates the gas to the charge level of the sintering machine for cyclic utilization, the circulating gas hood covers the middle section of the sintering machine and is added with hot waste gas of the circular cooler, so that the gas O in the circulating gas hood2The content is 17 percent and the temperature is 110 ℃; the NOx in the middle section smoke is more than 200mg/Nm3After heat exchange is carried out between the tail section flue gas and the middle section flue gas, the tail section flue gas is heated to 120 ℃, then the tail section flue gas and the tail section flue gas are converged, the temperature is increased to 250 ℃, after dust removal, the tail section flue gas enters a denitration device for denitration by adopting an SCR mode, and finally the tail section flue gas reaches the emission standard and is conveyed to a chimney for emission. The smoke particulate matters in the middle and tail sections are more than 50mg/Nm3、SO2>200mg/Nm3、NOx≤100mg/Nm3Directly enters a desulphurization device after dust removal, and is desulfurized by adopting an ammonia process, and the desulfurized flue gas is conveyed to a chimney for emission. The temperature of the tail section flue gas is more than 300 ℃, the tail section flue gas and the middle section flue gas are converged, and the temperature of the mixed flue gas is increased to 250 ℃ so that the mixed flue gas meets the SCR denitration requirement.
Compared with the series-connection desulfurization and denitrification process flow, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the desulfurization rate reaches 95%, the denitrification rate reaches 70%, the flue gas treatment capacity is greatly reduced, the desulfurization flue gas treatment capacity is reduced by 70%, the denitrification flue gas treatment capacity is reduced by 50%, the investment cost of a denitrification facility is reduced by 40%, and the desulfurization and denitrification operation cost is reduced by 35%.

Claims (5)

1.一种烧结烟气集中高效脱硫脱硝的方法,其特征在于:将烧结机沿入料端至出料端方向的烟气依次分为前段、前中段、中段、中尾段和尾段五部分烟气,且前段、前中段、中段、中尾段和尾段的长度比为2~4:4~6:8~10:3~5:2~4;1. a method for concentrated high-efficiency desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas, it is characterized in that: the flue gas of the sintering machine along the direction of the feed end to the discharge end is divided into five parts successively front section, front middle section, middle section, middle tail section and tail section flue gas, and the length ratio of the front section, the front middle section, the middle section, the middle tail section and the tail section is 2~4:4~6:8~10:3~5:2~4; 烧结过程中,前中段烟气循环至中段料面循环利用,同时兑入环冷机热废气,使循环进入中段料面的烟气O2含量大于16%、温度高于100℃;中段烟气与中尾段烟气进行换热后,中段烟气升温至120℃以上,再与尾段烟气汇合进入脱硝装置脱硝;中尾段烟气经过换热后进入脱硫装置脱硫。During the sintering process, the flue gas in the front and middle sections is circulated to the material surface of the middle section for recycling, and at the same time, the hot waste gas from the ring cooler is added, so that the O 2 content of the flue gas circulating into the material surface of the middle section is greater than 16% and the temperature is higher than 100 ℃; the flue gas in the middle section is After heat exchange with the flue gas in the middle and tail sections, the temperature of the flue gas in the middle section rises to above 120 °C, and then joins with the flue gas in the tail section and enters the denitrification device for denitrification; the flue gas in the middle and tail sections enters the desulfurization device for desulfurization after heat exchange. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧结烟气集中高效脱硫脱硝的方法,其特征在于:中段烟气与尾段烟气汇合,使汇合烟气温度大于250℃,进入脱硝装置脱硝。2 . The method for centralized and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas according to claim 1 , wherein the flue gas in the middle section and the flue gas in the tail section are combined, so that the temperature of the combined flue gas is greater than 250° C., and enters the denitration device for denitrification. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧结烟气集中高效脱硫脱硝的方法,其特征在于:所述脱硝装置采用SCR反应器脱硝。3 . The method for centralized and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas according to claim 1 , wherein the denitration device adopts an SCR reactor for denitration. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧结烟气集中高效脱硫脱硝的方法,其特征在于:所述脱硫装置采用石灰石膏法、氨法、镁法、流化床密相干塔法中的一种方式脱硫。4. The method for concentrated and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the desulfurization device adopts one of lime gypsum method, ammonia method, magnesium method, and fluidized bed dense phase dry tower method. desulfurization method. 5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的一种烧结烟气集中高效脱硫脱硝的方法,其特征在于:脱硫装置排出烟气、脱硝装置排出及与前段烟气汇合,通过烟囱排放。5. The method for centralized and efficient desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the flue gas is discharged from the desulfurization device, discharged from the denitrification device, merged with the flue gas in the preceding section, and discharged through the chimney.
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