CN107929757B - 一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医用材料领域,具体公开了一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒及其制备方法和作为药物释放载体的应用,该纳米颗粒的制备方法为:1)将铁氰化钾溶于盐酸溶液中,在50‑100℃下反应15‑20小时,离心、洗涤、烘干,得普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;2)将普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒和PVP溶于盐酸,在100‑140℃下反应4‑10小时,离心、洗涤、烘干,得多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;3)将CTAB和多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒溶于异丙醇中,边搅拌边依次滴加氨水、超纯水、TEOS、APTES,滴加完后,搅拌5‑10小时,离心、洗涤、烘干,得氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒。本发明的另一目的在于将该氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒作为药物的释放载体应用于临床抗癌治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料领域,具体涉及一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒及其制备方法和其作为抗癌药物释放载体的应用。
背景技术
癌症的早期诊断是一种专门针对癌症早期患者的诊疗方法,其目的在于早发现早治疗,从而减轻患者痛苦和精神、经济负担。争取通过癌症早期诊断治疗让癌症患者早日康复。而如何开发高精度、高生物相容性、低毒性的诊疗剂,成为生物医学领域的一大难题。单一的生物成像很难精准地定位诊断癌症病灶,将几种诊断成像技术结合使用,能够大大地提高成像精度,因此需要开发能满足几种诊断成像需求的诊疗剂。
普鲁士蓝,又名铁蓝,是一种古老的蓝色染料,因其优良的光物理、磁性、电化学及结构等性能,被广泛应用于各个领域。普鲁士蓝是经典的配合物,其配体为六个氰基,中心离子为二价铁离子,氰基与二价铁离子共同通过配位键组成六氰合铁(Ⅱ)酸根(整体显负4价)作为普鲁士蓝的内配位层(内界),而外层的三界铁离子与钾离子作为普鲁士蓝的外配位层(外界)通过离子键与六氰合铁(Ⅱ)酸根以离子键的形式相连接。结构方面,普鲁士蓝为六面立方结构,氰基作为立方的各条棱连结处于定点的铁离子,其中相同价态的铁离子在各面上均互为对角,而每间隔一个立方,钾离子会包裹在其中。由于普鲁士蓝的结构特殊,它可以使水质子的横向或纵向弛豫时间缩短,应用于磁共振成像,且普鲁士蓝具有优异的荧光性质,能在多个波长的激发光下发出不同颜色的荧光,与磁共振成像相结合,可大大提高造影剂成像精度。
普鲁士蓝纳米粒子内的金属离子与氰基是通过配位键连接,因此非常牢固,不易产生游离的金属离子和氰基,也不易产生氧自由基等,不会对生物体产生毒害,具有很高的安全性。而多孔结构的普鲁士蓝纳米粒子比表面积更大,密度更低,表面渗透性更好,这样就使多孔的普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒在体液环境中更稳定,生物相容性也有所增强。
然而,单纯的普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒也存在有一些缺陷。如,普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒不溶于水环境,易被机体清除,且易与生理盐中的金属离子发生置换,对机体产生毒害作用。而氨基化的二氧化硅外壳具备独特的pH响应性能,能使药物在癌细胞特定的弱酸性环境中释放出来,而在正常体液环境中不释放,减轻药物对正常细胞组织的损害。
发明内容
为了解决上述这些问题,本发明提供了一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的制备方法,并且提供了上述氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒作为抗癌药物释放载体的应用。
本发明的制备方法简单,操作方便,因而制备成本低廉。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,所采用的技术方案为:
一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,所述纳米颗粒表面包裹有氨基化二氧化硅,且所述纳米颗粒内部为多孔结构。
进一步的,所述氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的制备方法依次包括如下步骤:
(1)制备多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
(2)称取十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒加入异丙醇中,超声溶解后,边搅拌边依次逐滴滴加氨水、超纯水、正硅酸乙酯、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,滴加完成后,继续搅拌5-10小时,离心,洗涤,再离心后烘干,得产物氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒、氨水、超纯水、正硅酸乙酯、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入量的比为100-800mg:5-25mg:1-5mL:4-14mL:10-30μL:100-300μL;
进一步的,所述氨水为15wt%的氨水。
进一步的,所述十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、异丙醇加入量的比为4-10mg:1mL。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述烘干温度为30-60℃。
进一步的,所述多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(A)将铁氰化钾溶于0.1-0.5mol/L盐酸中,混匀得澄清溶液,然后在50-100℃下反应15-20小时,离心,洗涤,再离心后烘干,得普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
(B)将步骤A得到的普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶于0.1-0.5mol/L盐酸中,机械搅拌1-4h后,在100-140℃下反应4-10h,离心,洗涤,再离心后烘干,得多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒。
进一步的,所述步骤(A)中铁氰化钾与盐酸的用量比为130-180mg:20-80mL。
进一步的,所述步骤(B)中普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、盐酸的用量比为10-25mg:50-120mg:5-25mL。
进一步的,步骤(A)和(B)中所述烘干温度为30-60℃。
进一步的,本发明提供了一种上述氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒作为抗癌药物释放载体的应用。
进一步的,所述抗癌药物为阿霉素。
进一步的,所述应用的具体方法如下:将氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒分散于药物溶液中,静置,得到载药的载体分散液,离心、干燥后得到载药的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒。
进一步的,所述药物是阿霉素;
更进一步的,所述药物溶液为0.1g/L的阿霉素溶液,所述氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒与药物溶液的用量比为0.2g:20mL。
进一步的,本发明还提供了一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒作为造影剂在临床荧光成像中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
1、提供了多孔普鲁士蓝纳米粒子的制备方法,制备的纳米粒子为多孔结构,提高了其比表面积,相对于一般的普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,更能适应生物体。
2、该纳米颗粒外层包裹氨基化的二氧化硅,不仅能够保护内部的多孔普鲁士蓝不被生理环境中的金属离子置换、降低毒性,二氧化硅层还能增强整个纳米颗粒的生物相容性,使其在体液环境中更稳定的存在;同时,氨基化二氧化硅不仅能赋予普鲁士蓝纳米粒子更好的生物相容性,且具有独特的pH响应性,使药物能在特定的弱酸性环境中释放出来,而在碱性条件下不释放。
3、该纳米颗粒具有优异的磁共振和荧光成像能力,能够作为双模成像剂在生物医学领域应用,同时也能作为抗癌药物的释放载体在临床抗癌治疗中有很好的应用,载阿霉素的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒在酸性条件下对阿霉素有较高的释放效率,即在酸性条件下更易释放负载的药物。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒荧光光谱图。
图2为实施例1制备的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的SEM与TEM图。
图3为实施例5中氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒载阿霉素的载药量图。
图4为实施例5制备的载阿霉素的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒1在不同pH条件下的释药曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的详细阐述。
实施例1
一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的制备方法,依次包括以下步骤:
1)将155mg铁氰化钾固体溶于30mL浓度为0.2mol/L的盐酸中,混匀得澄清溶液,然后在60℃下反应15小时,反应结束后,离心,依次用水和无水乙醇洗涤,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于35℃下烘干,得普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
2)称取10mg步骤1)制备的普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒和80mg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30)溶于10mL浓度为0.5mol/L的盐酸中,机械搅拌2h后,将其转入聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在100℃下反应6h,反应结束后,离心,依次用水和无水乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于35℃下烘干,得多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其粒径为150-250nm;
3)将250mg十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和10mg步骤2)制备的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒加入50mL异丙醇中,超声溶解后,边搅拌边依次滴加2mL浓度为15wt%的氨水、5mL超纯水、10μL正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和120μL3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES);滴加完成后,在室温下继续搅拌反应5小时,反应结束后,离心,再依次用水和无水乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于35℃下烘干,得到氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,粒径为200-350nm,相对于步骤2)中得到的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒粒径增大,因为其表面包裹有氨基化二氧化硅。
图1为实施例1制备的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒在488nm激发光下的荧光光谱图,从图中可以看出,该纳米颗粒具有优异的荧光成像能力,为其作为双模成像剂在生物领域进行应用提供了可能。图2为实施例1制备的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒SEM与TEM图,可以看出:氨基化二氧化硅成功地包裹在普鲁士蓝粒子外,同时制备的颗粒具有明显的核壳结构,得到了氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒。
实施例2
一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的制备方法,依次包括以下步骤:
1)称取140mg铁氰化钾固体溶于50mL浓度为0.2mol/L的盐酸中,混匀得澄清溶液,然后在80℃下反应18小时,反应结束后,离心,依次用水和乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于40℃下烘干,得普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
2)称取20mg步骤1)制备的普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒和60mg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30)溶于10mL浓度为0.8mol/L的盐酸中,机械搅拌1h后,将其转入聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在140℃下反应4h,反应结束后,离心,依次用水和无水乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于40℃下烘干,得多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其粒径为100-250nm;
3)称取500mg十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和20mg步骤2)制备的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒加入于50mL异丙醇中,超声溶解后边搅拌边依次滴加1mL浓度为15wt%的氨水、8mL超纯水、15μL正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和220μL 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES);滴加完成后,继续搅拌反应7小时,反应结束后,离心,再依次用水和乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于40℃下烘干,得到氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其粒径为200-400nm。
实施例3
一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的制备方法,依次包括以下步骤:
1)称取170mg铁氰化钾固体溶于40mL浓度为0.1mol/L的盐酸中,混匀得澄清溶液,然后在80℃下反应20小时,反应结束后,离心,依次用水和乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于35℃下烘干,得普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
2)称取20mg步骤1)制备的普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒和100mg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30)溶于20mL浓度为1mol/L的盐酸中,机械搅拌2h后将其转入聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在140℃下反应4h,反应结束后,离心,依次用水和乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于35℃下烘干,得多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其粒径为150-400nm;
3)称取300mg十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和20mg步骤2)制备的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒加入70mL异丙醇中,超声溶解后边搅拌边依次滴加2.5mL浓度为15wt%的氨水、10mL超纯水、20μL正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和200μL 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES);滴加完成后,继续搅拌反应6小时,反应结束后,离心,再依次用水和无水乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于35℃下烘干,得到氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其粒径为300-450nm。
实施例4
一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的制备方法,依次包括以下步骤:
1)称取145mg铁氰化钾固体溶于25mL浓度为0.3mol/L的盐酸中,混匀得澄清溶液,然后在70℃下反应18小时,反应结束后,离心,依次用水和乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于60℃下烘干,得普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
2)称取25mg步骤1)制备的普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒和70mg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30)溶于10mL浓度为0.8mol/L的盐酸中,机械搅拌3h后将其转入聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在130℃下反应10h,反应结束后,离心,依次用水和无水乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于60℃下烘干,得多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其粒径为80-200nm;
3)称取650mg十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和25mg步骤2)制备的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒加入90mL异丙醇中,超声溶解后边搅拌边依次滴加3mL浓度为15wt%的氨水、12mL超纯水、25μL正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和190μL 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES);滴加完成后,继续搅拌反应9小时,反应结束后,离心并依次用水和乙醇洗涤所得固体,分别洗三次,然后再离心,离心后的固体于60℃下烘干,得到氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其粒径为150-300nm。
实施例5
下面以实施例1制备的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒为例对本发明的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的用途做详细说明。
本发明的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒作为药物阿霉素载体的效果试验。
试验中所用pH=3.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液是由7.1mL、0.2mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液和12.9mL、0.1mol/L的柠檬酸溶液混合而成;pH=5.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液是由12.1mL、0.2mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液和7.9mL、0.1mol/L的柠檬酸溶液混合而成;pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液是由18.2mL、0.2mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液和1.8mL、0.1mol/L的柠檬酸溶液混合而成。试验方法:
1、配制20mL、0.1g/L的阿霉素溶液,向其中加入0.2g实施例1制备的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,静置3天后离心,离心后的固体于60℃干燥6h,得到载阿霉素的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒1。在静置24时取上层清液测量其吸光度,以后每24h取上层清液测量其吸光度,从而测得上清液中阿霉素的浓度,进而得出24h、48h、72h内实施例1制备的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒对阿霉素的载药量,如图3所示,从图中可以看出,载药量会随载药时间的增长而增加,24h、48h、72h时载药量分别达到64mg/g、78mg/g、90mg/g。
2、分别在37℃,pH=3.8、pH=5.8、pH=7.4的条件下,研究载阿霉素的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的控制释放情况,具体实验步骤如下:
首先配制pH=3.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,然后称取0.2g上述制备好的载阿霉素的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒1分散于10mL、pH=3.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,再转移到透析袋(Kw=14000)中,透析袋袋口两端用夹子夹紧后置于装有200mL、pH=3.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液的烧杯中,向烧杯中加入搅拌子,再将烧杯置于磁力搅拌器上搅拌,每半小时取烧杯中的缓冲溶液3mL测其吸光度后重新倒回烧杯中,数据变化不大时,每1小时测一次吸光度,再变化不大时每6h测一次吸光度,随后根据吸光度的变化值调整检测间隔时间直至吸光度值不再变化为止。按紫外分光光度计的标准曲线法作得的标准曲线回归方程计算样品中阿霉素的含量。按时间间隔与累积释药率绘图,即得到在pH=3.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中阿霉素的释放曲线。将上述缓冲溶液换为pH=5.8、pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液得到pH=5.8、pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中阿霉素的释放曲线。
实验结果:
载阿霉素的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒1的阿霉素的释放曲线见图4,从图4可以看出,载阿霉素的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒在酸性条件下对阿霉素有较高的释放效率,即在酸性条件下更易释放负载的药物。基于癌细胞于正常细胞的pH差异,本载体能在酸性环境中特异性地释放药物,能为实际治疗中减少对正常细胞的损害提供依据,这为抗癌瘤药物负载体系提供了有效的实际参考依据。
Claims (6)
1.一种氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其特征在于:所述颗粒表面包裹有氨基化二氧化硅,且所述颗粒内部为多孔结构;
所述纳米颗粒的制备方法依次包括如下步骤:
(1)制备多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
(2)将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和步骤(1)制备的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒加入异丙醇中,超声溶解后,边搅拌边依次逐滴滴加氨水、超纯水、正硅酸乙酯、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,滴加完成后,继续搅拌反应5-10小时,离心,洗涤,再离心后烘干,得氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
所述十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒、氨水、超纯水、正硅酸乙酯、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入量的比为100-800 mg:5-25mg:1-5mL:4-14mL:10-30μL:100-300μL;
步骤(2)中所述烘干温度为30-60℃;
所述多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(A)将铁氰化钾溶于0.1-0.5mol/L盐酸中,混匀得澄清溶液,然后在50-100℃下反应15-20小时,离心,洗涤,再离心后烘干,得普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒;
(B)将步骤A得到的普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶于0.1-0.5mol/L盐酸中,机械搅拌1-4h后,在100-140℃下反应4-10h,离心,洗涤,再离心后烘干,得多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述步骤(A)中铁氰化钾与盐酸的用量比为130-180mg:20-80mL。
3.根据权利要求2所述的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述步骤(B)中普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、盐酸的用量比为10-25 mg:50-120mg:5-25 mL。
4.根据权利要求3所述的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其特征在于,步骤(A)和(B)中所述烘干温度为30-60℃。
5.将权利要求1-4中任一所述的氨基化二氧化硅包裹的多孔普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒作为释放载体在制备抗癌药物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗癌药物为阿霉素。
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