CN107927327B - Nutrient-enriched feed additive and preparation process and application thereof - Google Patents
Nutrient-enriched feed additive and preparation process and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nutrient enrichment feed additive and a preparation process and application thereof, and the preparation mainly comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating materials, namely uniformly mixing the nutrient-rich plant biomass to be treated with 0.1-1% of an iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution; (2) pretreating the nutrient-rich plant biomass by an oxygen-free-calcium salt hydrothermal method to obtain a solid hydrothermal plant biomass; (3) mixing solid hydrothermal plant biomass and nutrient-rich microbial thalli, and pouring the mixture into a colloid mill for treatment to prepare colloid mill treatment liquid; (4) adding an antioxidant into the colloid mill treatment fluid; (5) homogenizing and emulsifying the antioxidant-rich colloid mill treatment liquid by a high-pressure homogenizer. The nutrition-enriched feed additive prepared by the invention effectively protects the nutrient components in the plant seeds, has the advantages of high digestibility, good absorptivity, high nutrient conversion rate and high deposition rate, and can obviously improve the content of specific nutrients in livestock and poultry products. Can be used as feed additive for livestock, fowl, aquaculture animal, and companion animal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nutrient enrichment feed additive, in particular to a feed additive for producing nutrient enrichment functional food and a preparation process and application thereof.
Background
The food contains various nutrients, but the distribution and the content of the nutrients are different due to different types. In addition, nutrients are often lost during the manufacturing process and storage of the food product. The nutrient-enriched food is a food to which natural or synthetic natural nutrients are added to enhance nutrients. The nutrition-enriched food not only can supplement the deficiency of nutrients in the food, improve the nutritional value of the food, meet the requirements of different people, but also has the effects of simplifying dietary treatment, facilitating food intake, preventing diseases, protecting health and the like.
The existing research shows that polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrients (including docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, α -linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and the like) and terpene nutrients (including astaxanthin, squalene and the like) have obvious beneficial effects on the aspects of preventing diseases, promoting human development, resisting oxidation and the like, so that the polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrients and the terpene nutrients become nutrient enrichment elements which are more and more popular with common consumers and specific consumer groups.
The current ways of human intake of these nutrients mainly include the first way of separating, extracting and purifying specific target nutrients from original sources (microorganisms and plants) and then making them into high-concentration preparations such as capsules for direct consumption, which is convenient and fast for consumers, but the tedious, complicated and lengthy extraction process not only destroys the structure and function of the nutrients but also significantly increases the production cost and selling price of the nutrients, compared to the first way of industrially separating, extracting and concentrating from original producers and then using them to humans, the second way of producing animal-meat egg milk-human from original producers, which is a way of separating and concentrating animal as nutrients, which omits the high-cost industrial separation and concentration process, enriches a large amount of nutrients in animal products in a healthy, natural and low-cost way, and at the same time, this way of converting low-price target nutrients into high-price target nutrients by using the synthesis route of animal-specific nutrients, for example, converting animal-derived fatty acids into unsaturated fatty acids (α -linolenic acid), which can reduce the costs of producing ARA and α -linolenic acid, which can reduce the production of α - α.
The invention patent 201210385417.5 discloses a DHA-rich microalgae powder and a preparation method thereof, which directly processes DHA-rich fermentation broth into microalgae powder, uses the microalgae powder as a feed additive for livestock raising and aquaculture, effectively enriches the microalgae powder in animal bodies, and enables human beings to take sufficient amount of DHA from daily diet through a food transmission route of DHA-rich microalgae powder → animal bodies → human beings.
However, since cell membrane and cell wall degradation-resistant barrier structures inherent to microorganisms and plants and anti-nutritional factors (hemicellulose, phytic acid, acid-soluble lignin and the like) in cell components seriously obstruct the digestion, absorption and utilization of nutrient elements by an animal digestive system, and thus, the feed is high in cost due to the increase of the addition amount of microorganisms and plants, and therefore, the development of a production process for producing a high-digestibility nutrition-enhanced feed additive by using the microorganisms and the plants as raw materials is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nutrient enrichment feed additive and a preparation process and application thereof, which solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a preparation process of a nutrient enrichment feed additive mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: uniformly mixing nutrient-rich plant biomass to be treated with 0.1-1% of an iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution to obtain a mixed material, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 3-8;
(2) treating by an oxygen-free-calcium chloride hydrothermal method: transferring the mixed material prepared in the step (1) into a container, pumping gas in the container by a vacuum pump until the relative vacuum degree is-0.01 to-0.1 Mpa, heating the mixed material to 100 ℃ under the sealed stirring condition, then deflating the mixed material until no pressure exists, then sealing and continuously heating the mixed material to 100 ℃ and 150 ℃, preserving the heat for 30 to 120 minutes, then deflating the mixed material and cooling the mixed material to 20 to 80 ℃, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain solid hydrothermal plant biomass;
(3) grinding by a colloid mill: mixing the solid hydrothermal plant biomass obtained in the step (2) with nutrient-rich microbial cells according to the dry weight ratio of 1:9 to 9:1, then mixing the mixture with deionized water to prepare plant biomass-microbial cell suspension with the concentration of 5-10%, pouring the suspension into a colloid mill, operating for 10-30min at a gap of 20 mu m, and operating for 10-20min at a gap of 10 mu m to prepare colloid mill treatment liquid;
(4) adding an antioxidant: adding an antioxidant into the colloid mill treatment liquid obtained in the step (3) and uniformly mixing to prepare an antioxidant-colloid mill treatment liquid with the antioxidant concentration of 0.001-0.01%;
(5) high-pressure homogenization: and (4) homogenizing the antioxidant-colloid mill treatment liquid obtained in the step (4) for multiple times by using a high-pressure homogenizer.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) heating, wherein the existence of iron can cause severe Maillard reaction to generate harmful byproducts, so that iron is not needed, the material rich in fat and protein is important to remove iron, the Maillard reaction is favorably inhibited when the pH value is 3-8, and the extraction rate of hemicellulose in biomass is improved, step (2) is vacuumized to remove oxygen, the gas is discharged after the material is heated to 100 ℃, the gas is discharged after the heating treatment is completed to remove gaseous harmful byproducts, and the temperature is reduced, the crushing efficiency is increased by 20 mu m to 10 mu m in step (3) and is greatly enhanced compared with the direct 10 mu m crushing effect, the structure of plant seeds is damaged by colloid mill treatment, the particle size of the material is reduced, and the digestion absorption rate is increased, and step (4) the antioxidant comprises one or more of ethoxyquinoline, butyl hydroxy anisole, dibutyl hydroxy toluene, propyl gallate, tert-butyl hydroquinone, tea polyphenol, vitamin E, L-ascorbic acid-6-palmitate.
Further, the nutrient is an aliphatic nutrient, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols.
Further, the aliphatic nutrient comprises α -linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), astaxanthin and squalene, wherein the nutrient-rich plant biomass is any one or more of flaxseed (L um usitatissimum seed), camelina sativa seed (Camelinasativa), evening primrose seed (Oenothera biennis), borage seed (Borago officinalis), black currant seed (Ribs. nigrum), Chinese gromwell seed (Siraitia grosvenori) and perilla seed (perilla. frutescens).
Further, the nutrient-rich microorganism of step (3) comprises one or more of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) -producing microorganism, arachidonic acid (ARA) -producing microorganism, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) -producing microorganism, gamma-linolenic acid-producing microorganism, squalene-producing microorganism and astaxanthin-producing microorganism.
Further, the mass ratio of the nutrient-rich plant biomass to the water in the mixed material in the step (1) is 1: 3-20.
Further, the homogenizing treatment in the step (5) is carried out under the conditions that the pressure is 10-200MPa and the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 4-25 ℃.
Further, the nutrient-rich microbial cells in the step (3) exist in one or more of a wet state, a dry state and a fermentation liquid state.
Further, the DHA-producing microorganism is one or more of Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium, Crypthecodinium, Ulkenia, Shewanella and Mortierella; the ARA-producing microorganism is a Mortierella microorganism; the EPA-producing microorganism is one or more of Nannochloropsis (Nannochloropsis) and Chlorella (Chlorella), the gamma-linolenic acid-producing microorganism is one or more of Mucor and Mortierella, the astaxanthin-producing microorganism is one or more of Rhodotorula (Genera Rhodotorula), Rhodosporidium (Rhodosporidium), Sporobolomyces, Dunaliella and Haematococcus, and the squalene-producing microorganism is one or more of Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium (Thraustochytrium) and Pseudosaccharomyces (Pseudozyma).
A nutrient enrichment feed additive prepared by the preparation process.
The nutrient-enriched feed additive is used as a feed additive for livestock, poultry, aquaculture animals and companion animals; the livestock and poultry comprise cattle, pigs, chickens, ducks and geese; the aquatic animals include shrimp, fish and crab; the companion animals are cats, dogs and birds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention takes microorganisms and plant biomass which are rich in specific nutrient elements as raw materials, and establishes a preparation process of a high-digestibility nutrition-enhanced feed additive based on anaerobic-calcium saline water thermal pretreatment, colloid mill crushing and high-pressure homogenization treatment. The anti-degradation barrier of microorganisms and plant cells is broken by extracting hemicellulose in biomass lignocellulose, in addition, the added calcium chloride can also obviously promote the degradation of the anti-degradation barrier of plant cell walls, the animal digestion and absorption rate of target nutrient elements is increased, meanwhile, the anti-nutritional factors in the biomass can also be converted into nutrient elements required by animal growth by the hydrothermal pretreatment method, for example, the hemicellulose is converted into oligosaccharide, the anti-nutritional factors phytic acid is converted into inositol and phosphoric acid, the anti-nutritional factors acid soluble lignin is converted into polyphenol, and the like.
(2) Aiming at the plant seeds containing grease and protein, the invention innovatively develops an oxygen-free-calcium saline water thermal pretreatment technology, and the method is used for carrying out high-temperature hydrothermal treatment under the conditions of no oxygen, no iron ions and no calcium ions, so that the occurrence of Maillard reaction is remarkably reduced, and the nutrient components in the plant seeds are effectively protected.
(3) The air release step in the oxygen-free-calcium salt water thermal pretreatment technology can obviously remove low boiling point substances such as alcohol, aldehyde, acid and the like generated in the hydrothermal process.
(4) The invention mixes the plant seeds after the hydrothermal treatment and the nutrient-rich microorganisms and then carries out two steps of treatment of colloid mill and high-pressure homogenization, and the cell walls and cell membranes of the microorganisms and the plant seeds are destroyed by applying the high-pressure homogenization technology on the basis of reducing the particle size of the material by the colloid mill, thereby obviously improving the digestibility of the plant seeds and the microorganisms and the absorption rate and the transformation yield of target nutrient elements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Preparation of DHA nutrient enrichment feed additive
The method mainly comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mildew-free and intact flaxseeds with 0.5% of an iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 1:6, adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 4, pouring the mixture into a high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, covering a reaction kettle cover, connecting a vacuum pump through an air outlet above the liquid level, and vacuumizing for 5 minutes to remove oxygen. Then, the outlets of the reaction kettle are sealed, the temperature is increased to 100 ℃, the gas outlet of the reaction kettle is opened for 30 seconds, and then the hydrothermal pretreatment is started. The hydrothermal pretreatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 100 ℃, the treatment time is 60 minutes, the stirring speed is 60 r/min, and the initial pH value is 7. After the treatment is finished, quickly deflating and cooling to 90 ℃, and washing the flaxseeds once by deionized water after solid-liquid separation. Mixing the schizomycete algae powder and the pretreated flaxseed in a ratio of 1:3, pouring the mixture into deionized water, mixing and soaking for 20 minutes, wherein the concentration of the schizomycete is 2.5 percent, and the concentration of the flaxseed is 7.5 percent. Pouring the suspension into a colloid mill, operating at 20 μm interval for 20min, operating at 10 μm interval for 10min to obtain semen Lini powder-microalgae powder mixed solution, and adding tea polyphenols and tocopherol into the mixed solution to obtain semen Lini powder-microalgae powder mixed solution with tea polyphenols and tocopherol concentrations of 0.04% and 0.03%, respectively. Pumping the mixed solution containing the antioxidant into a high-pressure homogenizer, and homogenizing for 2 times under the conditions of 200MPa pressure and 4 ℃ inlet temperature to obtain the final product.
Example 2
Preparation of ARA nutrition-enriched feed additive
The method mainly comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mildew-free and intact evening primrose seeds and 1% of an iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 1:10, adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 5, pouring the mixture into a high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, covering a reaction kettle cover, connecting a vacuum pump through an air outlet above the liquid level, and vacuumizing for 5 minutes to remove oxygen. Then, the outlets of the reaction kettle are sealed, the temperature is increased to 100 ℃, the gas outlet of the reaction kettle is opened for 30 seconds, and then the hydrothermal pretreatment is started. The hydrothermal pretreatment condition is that the temperature is 120 ℃, the treatment time is 30 minutes, the stirring speed is 150 r/min, and the initial pH value is 7. After the treatment is finished, quickly discharging air and cooling to 90 ℃, and washing the evening primrose seeds once after solid-liquid separation. Mixing the Mortierella alpina thallus with the pretreated evening primrose seeds at a ratio of 1:1, adding into deionized water, mixing, and soaking for 20min, wherein the concentration of the Mortierella alpina thallus is 5%, and the concentration of the evening primrose seeds is 5%. And then pouring the suspension into a colloid mill, operating for 30min at a gap of 20 mu m and operating for 20min at a gap of 10 mu m to prepare an evening primrose seed powder-Mortierella zychae powder mixed solution, and then adding tea polyphenol and tocopherol into the mixed solution to form an evening primrose seed powder-Mortierella zychae powder mixed solution with the concentrations of the tea polyphenol and the tocopherol of 0.05% and 0.04%, respectively. Pumping the mixed solution containing the antioxidant into a high-pressure homogenizer, and homogenizing for 2 times under the conditions of 100MPa pressure and 20 ℃ inlet temperature to obtain the final product.
Example 3
Preparation of gamma-linolenic acid-squalene-DHA nutrition strengthening feed additive
The method mainly comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mildew-free and complete perilla grass seeds and 0.8% of iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 1:10, adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to be 5, pouring the mixed material into a high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, covering a reaction kettle cover, connecting a vacuum pump through an air outlet above the liquid level, and vacuumizing for 5 minutes to remove oxygen. Then, the outlets of the reaction kettle are sealed, the temperature is increased to 100 ℃, the gas outlet of the reaction kettle is opened for 30 seconds, and then the hydrothermal pretreatment is started. The hydrothermal pretreatment condition is that the temperature is 150 ℃, the treatment time is 10 minutes, the stirring speed is 150 r/min, and the initial pH value is 7. And (4) after the treatment is finished, quickly deflating and cooling to 90 ℃, and washing the perilla seeds once after solid-liquid separation. Mixing the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the pretreated perilla seeds in a ratio of 1:2, pouring the mixture into deionized water, mixing and soaking for 30 minutes, wherein the concentration of the schizochytrium limacinum is 5 percent, and the concentration of the perilla seeds is 2.5 percent. Pouring the suspension into a colloid mill, operating at 20 μm interval for 30min, operating at 10 μm interval for 20min to obtain mixed solution of fructus Perillae and microalgae powder, and adding tea polyphenols and tocopherol into the mixed solution to obtain mixed solution of fructus Perillae and microalgae powder with tea polyphenols and tocopherol concentrations of 0.05% and 0.04%, respectively. Pumping the mixed solution containing the antioxidant into a high-pressure homogenizer, and homogenizing for 2 times under the conditions of 150MPa pressure and 20 ℃ inlet temperature to obtain the final product.
Example 4
α preparation of nutrition-enriched feed additive containing linolenic acid and astaxanthin
The method mainly comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mildew-free and intact flaxseeds and a 1% iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 1:6, adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 4, pouring the mixed material into a high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, covering a reaction kettle cover, connecting a vacuum pump through an air outlet above the liquid level, and vacuumizing for 5 minutes to remove oxygen. Then, the outlets of the reaction kettle are sealed, the temperature is increased to 100 ℃, the gas outlet of the reaction kettle is opened for 30 seconds, and then the hydrothermal pretreatment is started. The hydrothermal pretreatment condition is that the temperature is 120 ℃, the treatment time is 30 minutes, the stirring speed is 150 r/min, and the initial pH value is 6.8. After the treatment is finished, quickly deflating and cooling to 90 ℃, and washing the flaxseeds once after solid-liquid separation. Mixing Haematococcus pluvialis dry powder and pretreated semen Lini at a ratio of 1:2, adding into deionized water, mixing and soaking for 30min, wherein the concentration of Haematococcus pluvialis is 2.5% and the concentration of fructus Perillae is 5%. Pouring the suspension into a colloid mill, operating at 20 μm interval for 30min, operating at 10 μm interval for 20min to obtain mixed solution of semen Lini-Haematococcus pluvialis, and adding tea polyphenols and tocopherol into the mixed solution to obtain mixed solution of semen Lini-Haematococcus pluvialis with tea polyphenols and tocopherol concentrations of 0.05% and 0.04%, respectively. Pumping the mixed solution containing the antioxidant into a high-pressure homogenizer, and homogenizing for 2 times under the conditions of 150MPa pressure and 20 ℃ inlet temperature to obtain the final product.
Example 5
α -linolenic acid-EPA nutrient enrichment feed additive preparation
The method mainly comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mildew-free and intact flaxseeds and a 1% iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 1:6, adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 4, pouring the mixed material into a high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, covering a reaction kettle cover, connecting a vacuum pump through an air outlet above the liquid level, and vacuumizing for 5 minutes to remove oxygen. Then, the outlets of the reaction kettle are sealed, the temperature is increased to 100 ℃, the gas outlet of the reaction kettle is opened for 30 seconds, and then the hydrothermal pretreatment is started. The hydrothermal pretreatment condition is that the temperature is 120 ℃, the treatment time is 30 minutes, the stirring speed is 150 r/min, and the initial pH value is 6.8. After the treatment is finished, quickly deflating and cooling to 90 ℃, and washing the flaxseeds once after solid-liquid separation. Mixing EPA-rich nannochloropsis oculata dry powder and pretreated linseed in a ratio of 1:2, pouring the mixture into deionized water for mixing and soaking for 30 minutes, wherein the concentration of nannochloropsis oculata is 5%, and the concentration of linseed is 2.5%. And pouring the suspension into a colloid mill, operating for 30min at a gap of 20 mu m and operating for 20min at a gap of 10 mu m to prepare a linseed-nannochloropsis oculata mixed solution, and then adding tea polyphenol and tocopherol into the mixed solution to form the linseed-nannochloropsis oculata mixed solution with the concentrations of the tea polyphenol and the tocopherol being 0.05% and 0.04%, respectively. Pumping the mixed solution containing the antioxidant into a high-pressure homogenizer, and homogenizing for 2 times under the conditions of 150MPa pressure and 20 ℃ inlet temperature to obtain the final product.
The compositions of the additives of examples 1-5 are shown in Table 1. In addition, the water used in examples 1-5 was deionized water.
TABLE 1 additive composition in examples 1-5
Example 6
Preparation of DHA nutrient enrichment feed additive
The method mainly comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mildew-free and intact flaxseeds and 1% of an iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 1:20, adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to be 8, pouring the mixed material into a high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, covering a reaction kettle cover, connecting a vacuum pump through an air outlet above the liquid level, and vacuumizing for 5 minutes until the relative vacuum degree is-0.1 Mpa to remove oxygen. Then, the outlets of the reaction kettle are sealed, the temperature is increased to 100 ℃, the gas outlet of the reaction kettle is opened for 30 seconds, and then the hydrothermal pretreatment is started. The hydrothermal pretreatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 150 ℃, the treatment time is 30 minutes, the stirring speed is 60 r/min, and the initial pH value is 7. After the treatment is finished, quickly deflating and cooling to 80 ℃, and washing the flaxseeds once by deionized water after solid-liquid separation. Mixing the schizomycete algae powder and the pretreated linseed in the ratio of 1:9, pouring the mixture into deionized water for mixing and soaking for 20 minutes, and then mixing the mixture with the deionized water to prepare plant biomass-microbial thallus suspension with the concentration of 10%. Pouring the suspension into a colloid mill, operating at 20 μm interval for 30min, operating at 10 μm interval for 10min to obtain semen Lini powder-microalgae powder mixed solution, and adding tea polyphenols and tocopherol into the mixed solution to obtain semen Lini powder-microalgae powder mixed solution with total concentration of tea polyphenols and tocopherol of 0.01. Pumping the mixed solution containing the antioxidant into a high-pressure homogenizer, and homogenizing for 2 times under the conditions of 200MPa pressure and 4 ℃ inlet temperature to obtain the final product.
Example 7
Preparation of DHA nutrient enrichment feed additive
The method mainly comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mildew-free and intact flaxseeds with 0.1% of an iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 1:3, adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 3, pouring the mixture into a high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, covering a reaction kettle cover, connecting a vacuum pump through an air outlet above the liquid level, vacuumizing for 5 minutes until the relative vacuum degree is-0.01 Mpa, and removing oxygen. Then, the outlets of the reaction kettle are sealed, the temperature is increased to 100 ℃, the gas outlet of the reaction kettle is opened for 30 seconds, and then the hydrothermal pretreatment is started. The hydrothermal pretreatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 100 ℃, the treatment time is 120 minutes, the stirring speed is 60 r/min, and the initial pH value is 7. After the treatment is finished, quickly deflating and cooling to 20 ℃, and washing the flaxseeds once by deionized water after solid-liquid separation. Mixing the schizomycete algae powder and the pretreated linseed in a ratio of 9:1, pouring the mixture into deionized water for mixing and soaking for 20 minutes, and then mixing the mixture with the deionized water to prepare plant biomass-microbial thallus suspension with the concentration of 5%. Pouring the suspension into a colloid mill, operating at 20 μm interval for 10min, operating at 10 μm interval for 20min to obtain semen Lini powder-microalgae powder mixed solution, and adding tea polyphenols and tocopherol into the mixed solution to obtain semen Lini powder-microalgae powder mixed solution with total concentration of tea polyphenols and tocopherol of 0.001. Pumping the mixed solution containing the antioxidant into a high-pressure homogenizer, and homogenizing for 3 times under the conditions of 10MPa pressure and 25 ℃ inlet temperature to obtain the final product.
Example 8
Comparative feed feeding test
The nutrition-enriched feed additives prepared in the examples 1, 2 and 3, raw materials which are not processed by the process and a regular large layer feed are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:49 to respectively prepare layer daily feed, each layer is fed with 100g of daily feed every day for 2 weeks continuously, the feed intake is recorded every day, fresh layer manure on the day is collected on the 5 th day, crude fat in the feed and the layer manure is extracted by a chloroform-methanol-water method in a laboratory, the content of DHA, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in the feed and the layer manure is analyzed by GC, the total amount of fatty acid in the feed and the layer manure is calculated, the digestibility is calculated by applying the following formula, the result is shown in a table 2, and the digestibility of the nutrition-enriched feed additive processed by the process is greatly improved in the table 2.
(1) DHA-enriched nutrition-enriched feed additive (linseed and schizochytrium limacinum) group digestibility calculation formula
0.5[(WFdha-WHdha)/WFdha+(WFαlna-WHαlna)/WFαlna]
Wherein WFdha-total amount of dha in feed;
WHdha-total amount of dha in chicken manure;
WFαlna- α total linolenic acid content in the feed;
WHαlnaα Total linolenic acid in Chicken manure.
(2) ARA-rich nutrition-enriched feed additive (Oenothera biennis seed and Mortierella alpina)
0.5[(WFara-WHara)/WFara+(WFγlna-WHγlna)/WFγlna]
Wherein WFara-total arachidonic acid in the feed;
WHara-total arachidonic acid content in chicken manure;
WFγlna-total amount of gamma linolenic acid in the feed;
WHγlna-total amount of gamma linolenic acid in chicken manure.
(3) Nutrition enriched feed additive rich in gamma-linolenic acid-DHA (Perilla seed and Schizotochorum japonicum)
0.5[(WFdha-WHdha)/WFdha+(WFγlna-WHγlna)/WFγlna]
Wherein WFdha-total amount of dha in feed;
WHdha-total amount of dha in chicken manure;
WFγlna-total amount of gamma linolenic acid in the feed;
WHγlna-total amount of gamma linolenic acid in chicken manure.
TABLE 2 Effect of the Process on digestibility of feed materials
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation process of a nutrient enrichment feed additive is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: uniformly mixing nutrient-rich plant biomass to be treated with 0.1-1% of an iron-free calcium chloride aqueous solution to obtain a mixed material, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 3-8;
(2) treating by an oxygen-free-calcium chloride hydrothermal method: transferring the mixed material prepared in the step (1) into a container, pumping gas in the container by a vacuum pump until the relative vacuum degree is-0.01 to-0.1 Mpa, heating the mixed material to 100 ℃ under the sealed stirring condition, then deflating the mixed material until no pressure exists, then sealing and continuously heating the mixed material to 100 ℃ and 150 ℃, preserving the heat for 30 to 120 minutes, then deflating the mixed material and cooling the mixed material to 20 to 90 ℃, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain solid hydrothermal plant biomass;
(3) grinding by a colloid mill: mixing the solid hydrothermal plant biomass obtained in the step (2) with nutrient-rich microbial cells according to the dry weight ratio of 1:9 to 9:1, then mixing the mixture with deionized water to prepare plant biomass-microbial cell suspension with the concentration of 5-10%, pouring the suspension into a colloid mill, operating for 10-30min at a gap of 20 mu m, and operating for 10-20min at a gap of 10 mu m to prepare colloid mill treatment liquid;
(4) adding an antioxidant: adding an antioxidant into the colloid mill treatment liquid obtained in the step (3) and uniformly mixing to prepare an antioxidant-colloid mill treatment liquid with the antioxidant concentration of 0.001-0.01%;
(5) high-pressure homogenization: homogenizing the antioxidant-colloid mill treatment liquid obtained in the step (4) for multiple times by using a high-pressure homogenizer;
the nutrient is an aliphatic nutrient which comprises one or more of α -linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, astaxanthin and squalene, wherein the nutrient-rich plant biomass is any one or more of flaxseed, camelina sativa seed, evening primrose seed, borage seed, black currant seed, momordica grosvenori kernel and perilla seed;
the nutrient-rich microorganism in the step (3) comprises one or more of docosahexaenoic acid-producing microorganisms, arachidonic acid-producing microorganisms, eicosapentaenoic acid-producing microorganisms, gamma-linolenic acid-producing microorganisms, squalene-producing microorganisms and astaxanthin-producing microorganisms; the docosahexaenoic acid-producing microorganism is one or more of Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium, Crypthecodinium, Uygur ken's chytrid, Shewanella and Mortierella; the arachidonic acid producing microorganism is a Mortierella microorganism; the eicosapentaenoic acid-producing microorganism is one or more of nannochloropsis and chlorella, the gamma-linolenic acid-producing microorganism is one or more of mucor and mortierella, the astaxanthin-producing microorganism is one or more of rhodotorula, rhodosporidium, Sporobolomyces, Dunaliella and Haematococcus, and the squalene-producing microorganism is one or more of Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium and pseudosaccharomyces.
2. The process for preparing the nutrient-enriched feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the nutrient-rich plant biomass to the water in the mixed material in the step (1) is 1: 3-20.
3. The process for preparing a nutrient-enriched feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the homogenizing treatment in the step (5) is performed under a pressure of 10 to 200MPa and at an inlet temperature of 4 to 25 ℃ to the homogenizer.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the nutrient-enriched microbial cells of step (3) are in one or more of a wet state, a dry state, and a fermented liquid state.
5. A nutrient enrichment feed additive prepared according to the preparation process of any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Use of the nutrient-fortified feed additive according to claim 5, characterized in that it is used as a feed additive for livestock, poultry, aquaculture animals, companion animals; the livestock and poultry comprise cattle, pigs, chickens, ducks and geese; the aquatic animals include shrimp, fish and crab; the companion animals are cats, dogs and birds.
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