CN107924082A - 将短波红外光上转换为可见光的光学系统 - Google Patents

将短波红外光上转换为可见光的光学系统 Download PDF

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CN107924082A
CN107924082A CN201680044733.2A CN201680044733A CN107924082A CN 107924082 A CN107924082 A CN 107924082A CN 201680044733 A CN201680044733 A CN 201680044733A CN 107924082 A CN107924082 A CN 107924082A
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liquid crystal
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light
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CN107924082B (zh
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阿夫纳·萨法尼
易卜拉欣·阿布多哈利姆
维基·马根
加比·萨如西
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BG Negev Technologies and Applications Ltd
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Abstract

本发明是一种用于将短波红外光上转换为可见光的光学系统。本发明所述光学系统包括充当光学阀的液晶空间光调制器，以及用以减小光学设置的尺寸和复杂性的两个任选的透镜。在本发明的实施例中，感光层被光电二极管或光电二极管阵列代替，且液晶层被通过收集短波红外光而发出可见光的有机发光二极管阵列(薄膜)或具有短波红外范围中的敏感度的荧光层代替。

Description

将短波红外光上转换为可见光的光学系统
技术领域
本发明属于光子上转换设备领域。特定地，本发明属于将短波红外检测到的图像转换为可见波长范围图像的上转换设备领域。
背景技术
人类对光子上转换设备有着极大的兴趣，尤其涉及能够允许人类在几乎完全黑暗场景中能看到图像的设备。就此而言尤其重要的是，此设备能够将短波红外(SWIR)图像转换为可见图像。
短波红外波长范围具有非常重要的作用，例如夜辉(也称为气辉)等自然光源的分光照度在短波红外范围中比在近红外(NIR)范围中强数倍。并且，穿透雾和灰尘的透明度在短波红外范围中也比在可见域或近红外中高得多。因此，即使在白昼时可使用短波红外自然光观察到的场景和物体，在可见光中仍无法看到。另外，在短波红外波长范围中，此设备不需要冷却。
一般来说，当今先进的将短波红外光上转换为可见光的设备具有若干缺陷，包括高成本、相对大的尺寸和重量，以及在某些状况下需要使用液氮来冷却。此外，其它所提议的上转换设备由于较低的短波红外光子吸收率和转换过程的低效率而遭受着低量子效率的难题。
液晶空间光调制器是沿用已久的技术[1]。通过使用空间光调制器(SLM)，可调制光束的相位和/或振幅。存在两种标准类型的使用液晶(LC)设备的光调制器。第一类型是所谓的电寻址空间光调制器(EASLM)，其中电信号驱动液晶分子的定向，这继而致使透射/反射穿过此设备的光束的相位和/或振幅调制。第二类型是所谓的光寻址空间光调制器(OASLM)，其中具有波长λ1的光学信号驱动液晶分子定向，这继而致使具有波长λ2的第二光束的相位和/或振幅调制。驱动信号通常称为写入光束，而经透射/反射的光束通常称为读取光束；此写入光束通常被光导层吸收，且液晶充当读取光束上的调制器[2]。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于将短波红外图像转换为可见图像的小型低成本上转换设备。
本发明的进一步目的和优点将随着描述的进行而显现。
发明内容
本发明参考的出版物和其它引用材料在以下文本中以数值方式标注，且分别归类于紧靠在说明书附图前面的所附参考文献中。
本发明是一种将短波红外光上转换为可见光(VIS)的光学系统。所述系统包括：
a.第一透镜44，其将短波红外图像投射到光学系统中；
b.一个液晶空间光调制器(LC-OASLM)单元10，其接受来自第一透镜44的短波红外图像；
c.一个可见光光源54；
d.第二透镜50，其将来自可见光光源54的可见光聚焦到液晶空间光调制器单元10上，且将可见光图像从液晶空间光调制器单元10投射到无穷；
e.一个短通滤波器46，其将短波红外光反射到液晶空间光调制器单元10上，且将可见光源的可见光向液晶空间光调制器单元10传播以及再从液晶光寻址空间光调制器单元10向第二透镜50传播可见光；以及
f.一个偏振分束器(PBS)52；
其中液晶空间光调制器单元10包括：
A.第一光学衬底12，其包括：
i.短波红外光高反射涂层薄膜14；
ii第一玻璃衬底16；
iii.氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜18；
iv.短波红外光感光层20；以及
v.第一液晶取向膜22；
B.液晶层24；
C.第二光学衬底26，其包括：
i.第二液晶取向膜28；
ii氧化铟锡薄膜30；
iii.第二玻璃衬底32；以及
iv.短波红外光抗反射层34。
在本发明的光学系统的实施例中，短通滤波器46可具有凹面形状。
在本发明的光学系统的实施例中，短通滤波器46可具有凸面形状。
在本发明的光学系统的实施例中，感光层20被光电二极管或光电二极管阵列代替，使得第一光学衬底12由以下各者组成：
i.短波红外光高反射涂层薄膜；
ii氧化铟锡薄膜
iii.光电二极管或光电二极管阵列；以及
iv.第一液晶取向膜。
在本发明的光学系统的实施例中，液晶层24被通过收集短波红外光而发出可见光的有机发光二极管(OLED)阵列或带有机发光二极管阵列的薄膜代替。
在这些实施例中，包括绿色LED 54和偏振分束器52的读取单元；以及光学衬底12、26上的第一、第二液晶取向膜22、28从系统中移除。
在本发明的光学系统的实施例中，液晶(LC)层24被具有短波红外范围中的敏感度的荧光层代替。在这些实施例中，包括绿色LED 54和偏振分束器52的读取单元；以及光学衬底12、26上的第一、第二液晶取向膜22、28从系统中移除。
本发明中的透镜优选采用GRADIUM透镜。
本发明的所有上述和其它特征和优点将参考附图并经由其实施例的以下说明性和非限制性描述得到进一步理解。
附图说明
图1示意性地展示液晶空间光调制器，以及
图2示意性地展示本发明的将短波红外光上转换为可见光的系统。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种用于将短波红外光上转换为可见光的光学系统。本发明的光学系统包括充当光学阀的液晶空间光调制器，以及用以减小光学设置的尺寸和复杂性的两个任选的透镜。在本发明的实施例中，液晶层被通过收集短波红外光而发出可见光的有机发光二极管阵列或带有发光二极管阵列的薄膜或具有短波红外范围中的敏感度的荧光层代替。
在图1中，描绘了液晶空间光调制器10。此液晶空间光调制器10充当光学阀，其由以下各部分组成：第一光学衬底12、第二光学衬底26和液晶层24。第一光学衬底12包括第一光学玻璃衬底16，第一光学玻璃衬底16的左面上涂覆有短波红外光高反射(HR)涂层薄膜14以及右面上涂覆有氧化铟锡薄膜18和感光层20(感光器)。液晶层24堆叠在第一光学衬底12上的第一液晶取向膜22和第二光学衬底26上的第二液晶取向膜28之间。液晶设备的制备和构造过程的综合评审可查阅[3]。第二光学衬底26包括左面涂覆有氧化铟锡薄膜30的第二玻璃衬底32，所述氧化铟锡薄膜30用作透明电极且连同感光层20一起提供跨越液晶空间光调制器单元10的电场分布。在第二玻璃衬底32的右面上沉积抗反射涂层34以便改进短波红外光从液晶光调制器的传递性。
当短波红外光束投射到感光层20上时，产生局部的电子空穴电荷分离，这影响了液晶空间光调制器单元10的局部电压水平。因此，此区中的液晶分子改变其定向，这致使双折射色散或有效折射率的局部调制；此过程通常被称为“写入”[4]。当可见光束入射在液晶空间光调制器单元10上时，仅在发生了局部电压改变的区处调制反射光束；此过程通常被称为“读取”[5、6]。
图2示意性地展示了本发明的将短波红外光上转换为可见光的系统40。光学设置包括与Mirau物镜类似方式工作的第一GRADIUM透镜44。图1中详细描绘的液晶空间光调制器单元10位于透镜44的中间居中并且还充当第一GRADIUM透镜44的环形光圈。在第一GRADIUM透镜44的右侧放置短通滤波器46，短通滤波器46反射短波红外波长42且透射可见光48。短通滤波器46位于某一位置处，其将从该位置的写入光束反射到位于第一GRADIUM透镜44的焦平面处的液晶空间光调制器单元10上，且将读取光束透射到第二GRADIUM透镜50的后焦平面。短通滤波器46可如图2中描绘是平坦的，或其可弯曲(凹面或凸面)使得在具有最小数目的组件的感光器上获得直立图像。第二GRADIUM透镜50和偏振分束器(PBS)52放置在短通滤波器46后方。偏振分束器52的顶部上存在充当读取光束的绿色LED 54。第一GRADIUM透镜44具有沉积于其所有表面上以使短波红外光的透射最大化的短波红外光抗反射涂层58。第二GRADIUM透镜50具有沉积于其所有表面上以使可见光的透射最大化的可见光抗反射涂层60。图2中展示的总体光学转换系统将可见图像投射到人眼56上，所述可见图像等同于由第一GRADIUM透镜44聚集的短波红外图像。
从左侧传入的短波红外光42由第一GRADIUM透镜44折射到短通滤波器46上，短通滤波器46将短波红外光反射到液晶空间光调制器单元10从而产生写入过程。同时，可见读取光从绿色LED 54投射到偏振分束器52上，偏振分束器52用来分离S和P偏振分量，这是通过将介电分束器涂层处的S分量反射到第二GRADIUM透镜，与此同时允许P分量通过。偏振读取光束聚焦在液晶空间光调制器单元10上，液晶空间光调制器单元10充当参与反射的光学液晶阀。可见光读取短波红外图像，并改变归因于液晶所导致的双折射率调制的偏振。可见P偏振光从液晶空间光调制器单元10经由第二GRADIUM透镜50反射回到偏振分束器52且继续到人眼56。在图2中展示的光学布置的情况下，观察者看到的可见图像相对于短波红外图像是颠倒的，而在所属领域中众所周知有若干用于颠倒最终图像的不同选择。
在本发明的另一实施例中，液晶层24被有机发光二极管阵列(薄膜)代替，所述有机发光二极管阵列(薄膜)在从感光器20接收由短波红外光产生的光电流后发射可见光。在此情况下，包括绿色LED 54和偏振分束器52的读取单元可被移除。并且，当使用有机发光二极管阵列时，不需要光学衬底12、26上的取向膜22、28。
在本发明的另一实施例中，液晶层24被具有短波红外范围中的敏感度的荧光层代替。在此情况下，可从系统移除包括绿色LED 54和偏振分束器52的读取单元以及光学衬底12、26上的取向膜22、28。
在本发明的另一实施例中，感光器20可由对短波红外光敏感的光电二极管结构或光电二极管阵列制成。
尽管已以说明的方式描述本发明实施例，但应理解，可以在不超出权利要求书范围的情况下进行本发明的许多变化、修改和调适。
参考文献
[1]Efron、Uzi主编，空间光调制器技术：材料、装置和应用(Spatial lightmodulator technology：materials，devices，and applications)，第47卷，CRC出版社，1994年。
[2]Kirzhner、Miri Gelbaor等，“使用纳米级硫族化合物感光器的液晶高分辨率光寻址的空间光调制器(Liquid crystal high-resolution optically addressedspatial light modulator using a nanodimensional chaIcogenide photosensor)”，光学快报(optics letters)39.7(2014年)：2048-2051。
[3]Safrani、Avner，用于生物医学成像和液晶设备应用的旋光分光系统(Spectropolarimetric systems for biomedical imaging and liquid crystaldevices applications)。/[Beer Sheva]：本·古里安大学，2009年，硕士论文。
[4]Bortolozzo、Umberto、Stefania Residori和Jean-Pierre Huignard，“用于近红外线应用的透射液晶光阀(Transmissive liquid crystal light-valve for near-infrared applications)”，应用光学(applied optics)52.22(2013年)：E73-E77。
[5]Kelly，S.M.和M.O′Neill，“用于光电应用的液晶(Liquid crystals forelectro-optic applications)”，高级电子和光子材料及设备手册7(2000年)。
[6]Residori、Stefania，“具有光学反馈的液晶光阀中的图案、波前和结构(Patterns，fronts and structures in a liquid-crystal-light-valve with opticalfeedback)”，物理学报告416.5(2005年)：201-272。

Claims (8)

1.一种将短波红外光上转换为可见光的光学系统，其包括：
a.第一透镜(44)，其将短波红外图像投射到所述光学系统中；
b.液晶空间光调制器单元(10)，其接受来自所述第一透镜(44)的短波红外图像；
c.可见光光源(54)；
d.第二透镜(50)，其将来自所述可见光光源(54)的可见光聚焦到所述液晶空间光调制器单元(10)上，且将可见光图像从液晶空间光调制器单元(10)投射到无穷；
e.短通滤波器(46)，其将短波红外光反射到液晶空间光调制器单元(10)上；且将可见光源的可见光向液晶空间光调制器单元(10)传播以及再从液晶空间光调制器单元(10)向第二透镜(50)传播可见光；以及
f.偏振分束器(52)；
其中所述液晶空间光调制器单元(10)包括：
A.第一光学衬底(12)，其包括：
i.短波红外光高反射涂层薄膜(14)；
ii.第一玻璃衬底(16)；
iii.氧化铟锡薄膜(18)；
iv.短波红外光感光层(20)；以及
v.第一液晶取向膜(22)；
B.液晶层(24)；
C.第二光学衬底(26)，包括：
i.第二液晶取向膜(28)；
ii.氧化铟锡薄膜(30)；
iii.第二玻璃衬底(32)；以及
iv.短波红外光抗反射层(34)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其中所述短通滤波器(46)具有凹面形状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其中所述短通滤波器(46)具有凸面形状。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其中所述感光层(20)被光电二极管或光电二极管阵列代替，使得所述第一光学衬底(12)由以下各者组成：
i.短波红外光高反射涂层薄膜；
ii.氧化铟锡薄膜；
iii.光电二极管或光电二极管阵列；以及
iv.第一液晶取向膜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其中所述液晶层(24)被通过收集短波红外光而发出可见光的有机发光二极管阵列或带有机发光二极管阵列的薄膜代替。
6.根据权利要求5所述的光学系统，其中包括绿色LED(54)和偏振分束器(52)的读取单元；以及所述光学衬底(12)、(26)上的所述第一、第二液晶取向膜(22)、(28)从所述系统移除。
7.根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其中所述液晶层(24)被具有短波红外范围中的敏感度的荧光层代替。
8.根据权利要求7所述的光学系统，其中包括绿色LED(54)和偏振分束器(52)的读取单元；以及所述光学衬底(12)、(26)上的所述第一、第二液晶取向膜(22)、(28)从所述系统移除。
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