CN107919857B - Predistortion system and method - Google Patents
Predistortion system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107919857B CN107919857B CN201710073243.1A CN201710073243A CN107919857B CN 107919857 B CN107919857 B CN 107919857B CN 201710073243 A CN201710073243 A CN 201710073243A CN 107919857 B CN107919857 B CN 107919857B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B1/0475—Circuits with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
- H03F1/3241—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using predistortion circuits
- H03F1/3247—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using predistortion circuits using feedback acting on predistortion circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
- H03F1/3241—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using predistortion circuits
- H03F1/3276—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using predistortion circuits using the nonlinearity inherent to components, e.g. a diode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
- H03F1/3241—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using predistortion circuits
- H03F1/3282—Acting on the phase and the amplitude of the input signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/189—High frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/189—High frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
- H03F3/19—High frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
- H03F3/245—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages with semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F1/00
- H03F2201/32—Indexing scheme relating to modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
- H03F2201/3215—To increase the output power or efficiency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0408—Circuits with power amplifiers
- H04B2001/0425—Circuits with power amplifiers with linearisation using predistortion
Abstract
The present invention provides a predistortion system and method, in particular a predistortion system (100) for optimizing the performance of a distorting element (2). The predistortion system (100) comprises a signal generator (1), the distortion component (2), an analysis device (3) for frequency and/or time domain analysis, and a predistortion device (4). The signal generator (1) generates a first signal (7) from a reference signal (6). Furthermore, the first signal (7) generates a second signal (8) after passing through the distorting element (2). Next, the second signal (8) generates a third signal (9) after passing through the analysis device (3). Further, the third signal (9) generates a compensated signal (10) after passing through the predistortion means (4). In addition to this, the reference signal (6) is also supplied to the predistortion means (4).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a predistortion system and a predistortion method for optimizing the performance of a distorting element.
Background
In general, especially in the case of communication applications, the linear behavior of the components employed (especially the amplifiers) is not only desired, but even necessary to ensure that nonlinear distortions are avoided, thereby preventing unwanted interference spectra. In this context, the performance of the distorting element, particularly with respect to linearity, must be optimized due to the fact that no ideal component with fully linear characteristics is actually available.
WO99/05784A1 discloses a correction device for automatically correcting a high-frequency power amplifier by means of predistortion. The correction device comprises means for generating a reference carrier from a measured input signal of the high frequency power amplifier, and a synchronous demodulator for generating an input envelope curve from the reference signal. However, the above document does not consider providing this reference signal not only for the purpose of generating the desired signal, but also for the purpose of predistortion. Since no reference signal is provided which is also used for the predistortion, the total noise is the sum of the noise floor of the system and the respective noise components of each element involved in the predistortion, which leads to a non-optimal, i.e. imperfect, predistortion and thus to a non-optimal optimized performance of the amplifier, in particular with respect to linearity.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore desirable to provide a predistortion system and a predistortion method for optimizing the performance of a distorting element, particularly with respect to linearity, wherein a reference signal used to generate a desired output signal is used not only for this purpose but also for predistortion.
This is solved by the features of the system of claim 1 and the features of the method of claim 9. The dependent claims contain further developments.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a predistortion system is provided for optimizing the performance of a distorting element. The predistortion system comprises a signal generator, the distorting element, analysis means for frequency and/or time domain analysis, and predistortion means. The signal generator generates a first signal from a reference signal, wherein the first signal generates a second signal after passing through the distortion component, wherein the second signal generates a third signal after passing through the analysis means, wherein the third signal generates a compensated signal after passing through the pre-distortion means. In addition to this, the reference signal is also provided to the predistortion means. Advantageously, the optimization of the performance of the distorting element is limited only by the noise floor of the predistortion system.
According to a first preferred implementation form of the first aspect, the compensated signal related to the reference signal is fed back to the signal generator.
According to another preferred implementation form of the first aspect, the analysis means is a spectrum analyzer, or an oscilloscope, or a combination of a down-converter and a digitizer.
According to another preferred implementation form of the first aspect, the distorting element is an amplifier.
According to another preferred implementation form of the first aspect, at least one of the reference signal, the first signal, the second signal, the third signal and the compensated signal is a quadrature signal.
According to another preferred implementation form of the first aspect, the compensated signal is modified at each iteration step based on a deviation of the third signal from the reference signal.
According to another preferred implementation form of the first aspect, at each iteration step, the predistortion means modify the compensated signal by: replacing each sample of the compensated signal with a product of a quotient of a corresponding sample of the reference signal and a corresponding sample of the third signal and a corresponding sample of a previous compensated signal.
According to another preferred implementation form of the first aspect, the compensated signal is set to the reference signal for initializing an iteration and a maximum number of iterations is predefined for terminating an iteration.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a predistortion method is provided for optimizing the performance of a distorting element by means of a predistortion system. The predistortion system comprises a signal generator, the distortion component, analysis means for frequency and/or time domain analysis, and predistortion means. The predistortion method comprises the following steps: generating a first signal from a reference signal by means of the signal generator, wherein the first signal generates a second signal after passing through the distortion component, wherein the second signal generates a third signal after passing through the analysis means, wherein the third signal generates a compensated signal after passing through the predistortion means; and providing the reference signal to the predistortion means.
According to a first preferred implementation form of the second aspect, the compensated signal iteratively related to the reference signal is fed back to the signal generator.
According to another preferred implementation form of the second aspect, the analysis means is a spectrum analyzer, or an oscilloscope, or a combination of a down-converter and a digitizer, and/or the distortion component is an amplifier.
According to another preferred implementation form of the second aspect, at least one of the reference signal, the first signal, the second signal, the third signal and the compensated signal is a quadrature signal.
According to another preferred embodiment of the second aspect, at each iteration step, the compensated signal is modified based on a deviation of the third signal from the reference signal.
According to another preferred implementation form of the second aspect, at each iteration step, the predistortion means modify the compensated signal in the following way: replacing each sample of the compensated signal with a product of a quotient of a corresponding sample of the reference signal and a corresponding sample of the third signal and a corresponding sample of a previous compensated signal.
According to another preferred implementation of the second aspect, the compensated signal is set to the reference signal for initializing the iteration and a maximum number of iterations is predefined for terminating the iteration.
Drawings
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be further explained, by way of example only, and not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary input-output diagram of an amplifier with respect to amplitude;
fig. 3 shows an exemplary I-Q constellation for symbols that are relocated with the aid of predistortion; and
fig. 4 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Before exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, some general aspects of the present invention are explained below.
In general, for predistortion, in particular digital predistortion, a model-based characterization of the respective distortion component can be used, but disadvantageously it is always the same for each waveform. As a result, digital predistortion based on model-based characterization of the distorting element may not achieve as high a transmission quality as possible.
According to the invention, due to the iterative predistortion, the digital predistortion is iterated accordingly, and the optimum optimization of the performance of the distorting element is achieved for any desired waveform, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), global System for Mobile communication GSM, radar signals, etc.
Said performance optimization by means of the present invention may exemplarily relate to a maximum linearization, a maximization of a Root Mean Square (RMS), a minimization of an Adjacent Channel Power (ACP), a minimization of a corresponding ACP leakage rate, or a minimization of an Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) with respect to a reference signal.
In addition to this it should be noted that according to the invention the optimization of the performance of the distorting element is only limited by the noise floor of the predistortion system.
Referring now to FIG. 1, an exemplary embodiment of a system 100 provided by the present invention may be seen. The signal generator 1 generates a first signal 7 based on a reference signal 6 provided by a reference signal source 5.
In the illustrative example according to fig. 1, the reference signal source 5 is an external reference signal source. Alternatively, the reference signal source 5 may advantageously be part of the signal generator 1. More advantageously, the reference signal source 5 may be implemented by hardware or software or a combination thereof. In addition to this, the reference signal 6 may be a fixed signal or a user-defined signal of any desired waveform.
The first signal 7 is then transmitted to a distorting element 2, which distorting element 2 distorts the first signal 7 and outputs a corresponding second signal 8. Advantageously, the distorting element 2 is an amplifier.
Furthermore, the analysis means 3 for frequency and/or time domain analysis analyze the second signal 8 and transmit a corresponding third signal 9 to the predistortion means 4, the analysis means 3 preferably being a spectrum analyzer or oscilloscope, or at least a combination of a down-converter and a digitizer.
Not only the third signal 9 is provided to the predistortion means 4 but also the reference signal 6 is provided to the predistortion means 4. Based on the signal 6 and the signal 9, the predistortion means 4 generate a compensated signal 10 which is fed back to the signal generator 1.
Furthermore, the compensated signal 10 is iteratively correlated with the reference signal 6. More precisely, the compensated signal is modified based on the deviation of the third signal 9 from the reference signal 6. Furthermore, at each iteration step, the predistortion means 4 modify the compensated signal 10 in the following way: each sample of the compensated signal 10 is replaced by the product of the quotient of the corresponding sample of the reference signal 6 and the corresponding sample of the third signal 9 and the corresponding sample of the previous compensated signal, in other words the compensated signal 10 of the previous iteration step.
Furthermore, to initiate the iteration, the compensated signal 10 is set as the reference signal 6. Alternatively, the previous compensated signal (in other words, the compensated signal 10 of the previous iteration step) is set as the reference signal 6. On the other hand, for terminating iterations, a maximum number of iterations is predefined, which advantageously results in convergence. Alternatively, the value of the corresponding error vector magnitude may be used to terminate the iteration. In this case, the iteration will terminate if the value of the error vector magnitude is less than the corresponding threshold.
Further, it is noted that at least one of the above signals, i.e. the reference signal 6, the first signal 7, the second signal 8, the third signal 9 and the compensated signal 10, is a quadrature signal.
Referring now to fig. 2, an exemplary input-output diagram 200 of an amplifier with respect to amplitude is shown. In this exemplary case, the straight line 21 shows the linear operation of the amplifier, for example class a operation.
Furthermore, while curve 22 shows non-linear operation of the amplifier without predistortion, such as class AB operation, curve 23 illustrates the same use case with predistortion.
From fig. 2, in particular with regard to the curves 22 and 23, it is directly clear that predistortion, in particular iterative digital predistortion, advantageously results in a large linear range of the amplifier.
In addition to this, it should also be mentioned that, for the predefined input amplitude values A1, the slope shown by means of the straight line 24 at the respective point of the curve 23 with predistortion is advantageously higher than the slope visualized by the straight line 25 at the respective point of the curve 22 without predistortion.
Furthermore, referring to fig. 3, due to the predistortion, in particular due to the iterative digital predistortion, the constellation points 31 of the I-Q constellation 300 are repositioned so as to be placed at the ideal points 32 corresponding to the desired symbols. For repositioning according to the example of fig. 3, the amplitude and phase are adjusted accordingly. Alternatively, only the amplitude or phase may be changed.
In this case, it should be noted that it is particularly advantageous that the pre-distortion is performed iteratively, since in this way the memory of the device under test (in particular the distorting component or the amplifier), which memory is attributable to certain properties of the device under test, such as group delay, is not able to cause errors due to the complete elimination of the errors.
Finally, fig. 4 shows a flow chart 400 of an embodiment of the method of the present invention. In a first step S40, a predistortion system is provided comprising a signal generator, a distortion component, analysis means for frequency and/or time domain analysis, and predistortion means. In a second step S41, a first signal is generated from the reference signal by means of the signal generator, wherein the first signal generates a second signal after passing through the distortion component, wherein the second signal generates a third signal after passing through the analysis means, wherein the third signal generates a compensated signal after passing through the predistortion means. Then, in a third step S42, a reference signal is provided to the predistortion means.
Claims (11)
1. A predistortion system (100) for optimizing the performance of a distorting element (2), the predistortion system (100) comprising:
a signal generator (1) for generating a signal,
said distorting element (2),
analysis device (3) for frequency-domain and/or time-domain analysis, and
a predistortion means (4);
wherein the signal generator (1) generates a first signal (7) from a reference signal (6);
wherein the first signal (7) generates a second signal (8) after passing through the distorting component (2);
wherein the second signal (8) generates a third signal (9) after passing through the analysis device (3);
wherein the third signal (9) generates a compensated signal (10) after passing through the predistortion means (4);
wherein the reference signal (6) is provided to the predistortion means (4);
wherein the compensated signal (10) iteratively related to the reference signal (6) is fed back to the signal generator (1);
wherein, at each iteration step, the predistortion means (4) modify the compensated signal (10) by: -replacing each sample of the compensated signal (10) by the product of the quotient of the corresponding sample of the reference signal and the corresponding sample of the third signal and the corresponding sample of the previous compensated signal.
2. A predistortion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the analysis means (3) is a spectrum analyzer, or an oscilloscope, or a combination of a down converter and a digitizer.
3. The predistortion system (100) of claim 1, wherein the distorting element (2) is an amplifier.
4. The predistortion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the reference signal (6), the first signal (7), the second signal (8), the third signal (9) and the compensated signal (10) is a quadrature signal.
5. A predistortion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at each iteration step the compensated signal (10) is modified based on a deviation of the third signal (9) from the reference signal (6).
6. A predistortion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein for initializing the iteration the compensated signal (10) is set as the reference signal (6) and for terminating the iteration a maximum number of iterations is predefined.
7. A predistortion method for optimizing the performance of a distorting element by means of a predistortion system comprising a signal generator, the distorting element, analysis means for frequency and/or time domain analysis, and predistortion means, the method comprising the steps of:
generating a first signal from a reference signal by means of the signal generator, wherein the first signal generates a second signal after passing through the distortion component, wherein the second signal generates a third signal after passing through the analysis means, wherein the third signal generates a compensated signal after passing through the pre-distortion means; and
providing said reference signal to said predistortion means,
wherein the compensated signal iteratively related to the reference signal is fed back to the signal generator,
wherein at each iteration step, the predistortion means modifies the compensated signal in the following manner: replacing each sample of the compensated signal with a product of a quotient of a corresponding sample of the reference signal and a corresponding sample of the third signal and a corresponding sample of a previous compensated signal.
8. A predistortion method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the analysis means is a spectrum analyzer, or an oscilloscope, or a combination of a down converter and a digitizer, and/or the distorting element is an amplifier.
9. The predistortion method of claim 7, wherein at least one of the reference signal, the first signal, the second signal, the third signal and the compensated signal is a quadrature signal.
10. A predistortion method as claimed in claim 7, wherein at each iteration step the compensated signal is modified based on a deviation of the third signal from the reference signal.
11. A predistortion method as claimed in claim 7, wherein for initializing the iteration the compensated signal is set as the reference signal and for terminating the iteration a maximum number of iterations is predefined.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16192718.1 | 2016-10-07 | ||
| EP16192718.1A EP3306817B8 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2016-10-07 | Predistortion system and method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107919857A CN107919857A (en) | 2018-04-17 |
| CN107919857B true CN107919857B (en) | 2023-04-18 |
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| US (2) | US9973219B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3306817B8 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN107919857B (en) |
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| US11137445B1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2021-10-05 | Keysight Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing non-linear distortion |
| CN117014264A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-07 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Predistortion processing method, device and equipment |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3306817A1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
| EP3306817B8 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
| US20180102799A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
| US9973219B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
| CN107919857A (en) | 2018-04-17 |
| US20180102796A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
| EP3306817B1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
| US9991915B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
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