CN107913708B - Catalyst for catalytic oxidation of waste gas containing cyanogen and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Catalyst for catalytic oxidation of waste gas containing cyanogen and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107913708B
CN107913708B CN201610881458.1A CN201610881458A CN107913708B CN 107913708 B CN107913708 B CN 107913708B CN 201610881458 A CN201610881458 A CN 201610881458A CN 107913708 B CN107913708 B CN 107913708B
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catalyst
waste gas
parts
ruthenium
cyanogen
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CN107913708A (en
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陈航宁
郭宗英
吴粮华
姜家乐
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
    • B01J23/462—Ruthenium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01J35/50—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/408—Cyanides, e.g. hydrogen cyanide (HCH)

Abstract

The invention relates to a catalyst for catalytic oxidation of cyanogen-containing waste gas and a preparation method thereof. The method is used for solving the problem of low reaction efficiency of the existing catalyst. The catalyst comprises the following components in parts by weight: (1) 90-99.5 parts of a catalyst carrier; (2) the technical scheme of 0.1-5 parts of ruthenium well solves the problem and can be used for removing cyanide in cyanide-containing waste gas.

Description

Catalyst for catalytic oxidation of waste gas containing cyanogen and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a catalyst for catalytic oxidation of cyanogen-containing waste gas and a preparation method thereof.
Technical Field
The cyanogen-containing waste gas mainly refers to organic waste gas containing hydrogen cyanide, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile and the like, and is a highly toxic pollutant harmful to biological health. At present, the decyanation method mainly comprises the technologies of absorption, adsorption, combustion, catalytic oxidation, hydrolysis and the like. Because the catalytic oxidation reaction has high efficiency and good decyanation effect, the method is widely concerned. The catalytic oxidation method can be divided into a two-step method and a one-step method according to the reaction process. The two-step process is to oxidize the cyanogen-containing waste gas into carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and water, and then convert the nitrogen oxide into harmless nitrogen through a denitration catalyst. The one-step process has obvious economic benefit and simpler process route, and directly converts the cyanogen-containing waste gas into carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen under the action of the catalyst.
CN102734812 discloses a method for removing cyanogen-containing waste gas, which adopts transition metal loaded mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst to carry out catalytic reaction for removing cyanogen-containing waste gas. Wherein the mesoporous molecular sieve carrier is: MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15, SBA-16, KIT-5 or KIT-6, and transition metal active components: one or more of Cu, Co, Cr, Mn, Ag or V, the mass ratio of the carrier to the transition metal component is 1: 0.02-0.07, the molecular sieve catalyst is placed in a fixed bed quartz reactor, the temperature of the reaction furnace is raised to 350-650 ℃ under normal pressure, and the mixed gas of cyanogen-containing waste gas, oxygen and nitrogen is used at the airspeed of 17000-24000 h-1Introducing into a reaction furnace, and removing waste gas through catalytic combustion. The method has low removal efficiency.
CN1404904 discloses a method for removing HCN-containing waste gas by platinum-rhodium catalyst, which comprises the step of catalyzing platinum and rhodiumThe agent is loaded in a reaction furnace, and then the temperature of the furnace is raised to 250-550 ℃; containing HCN, NH3The waste gas mixed with tar is 5000-30000 h-1The air speed is introduced into the reaction furnace, and air is introduced at the same time, and the volume of the air accounts for 5-50% of the total volume. The invention uses low temperature, and the gas containing nitrogen is not easy to be converted into another pollutant NO2. However, the catalyst cost of the method is high.
CN101362051 discloses a process for treating acrylonitrile device tail gas, which is suitable for acrylonitrile waste gas discharged from an acrylonitrile device, and is characterized in that the acrylonitrile tail gas is separated from free water by a gas-liquid separator, mixed with air, and subjected to catalytic oxidation reaction by taking a noble metal honeycomb catalyst as a catalyst to convert harmful volatile organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water; and then taking the selective reduction honeycomb catalyst as a catalyst to perform selective catalytic reduction reaction with the supplemented ammonia, so as to reduce the nitrogen oxides in the tail gas into nitrogen and water. The method is complex to operate, ammonia needs to be supplemented, and the material consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is the problem of low efficiency of removing cyanide in cyanide-containing waste gas by catalytic oxidation in the prior art, and a novel catalytic oxidation catalyst is provided, and has the advantage of high efficiency of removing cyanide.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is the preparation method of the catalyst in the first technical problem.
The third technical problem to be solved by the invention is the catalytic oxidation technology of the cyanogen-containing waste gas by adopting the catalyst in one of the technical problems.
In order to solve one of the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
the catalyst for catalytic oxidation of cyanogen-containing waste gas comprises the following components in parts by weight:
(1) 90-99.5 parts of a catalyst carrier;
(2) 0.1-5 parts of ruthenium.
In the technical scheme, the catalyst preferably further comprises (3)0.1-5 parts of copper, and the ruthenium and the copper have an obvious synergistic effect in the aspect of removing the cyanogen in the cyanogen-containing waste gas.
In the above technical solution, the catalyst carrier is preferably selected from TiO2、ZrO2、SiO2And Al2O3One kind of (1).
In the above technical solution, the shape of the catalyst is preferably honeycomb type, clover type, column type or spherical type.
To solve the second technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
the method for preparing the catalyst according to any one of the above technical problems, comprising:
(1) mixing a solution of a compound containing ruthenium element with a carrier;
(2) and (4) roasting.
In the above technical solution, when the catalyst contains copper, the preparation method may further be a first method comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing a mixed solution of a ruthenium element-containing compound and a copper element-containing compound with a carrier;
(2) and (4) roasting.
In the above technical solution, when the catalyst contains copper, the preparation method may further be a second method comprising the following steps:
1) mixing a solution of a compound containing ruthenium element with a carrier;
2) roasting to obtain a catalyst precursor I;
3) mixing a copper element-containing compound solution with a precursor I;
4) and (4) roasting.
In the above technical solution, when the catalyst contains copper, the preparation method may further be a third method comprising the following steps:
i) mixing a copper element-containing compound solution with a carrier;
II) calcining to obtain a catalyst precursor II;
iii) mixing the solution of the compound containing the ruthenium element with the catalyst precursor II;
iv) roasting.
Surprisingly, the catalyst prepared by the second method has more outstanding effect on removing cyanogen in cyanogen-containing waste gas than the other two methods.
In the technical scheme, the roasting temperature is preferably 300-700 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the roasting time is preferably 1-6 hours.
In the above embodiment, the atmosphere for the firing is preferably an inert atmosphere or an oxidizing atmosphere.
In the above embodiment, the oxidizing atmosphere is preferably air.
In the above technical solution, the compound containing ruthenium element is preferably selected from any one of ruthenium nitrate, ruthenium chloride and ruthenium acetate.
In the above technical solution, the copper element-containing compound is preferably selected from any one of copper nitrate, copper chloride, copper sulfate and copper acetate.
To solve the third technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the application of the catalyst in the technical scheme of one of the technical problems in the catalytic oxidation decyanation of the cyanogen-containing waste gas.
The specific application method can be as follows: in the presence of the catalyst, the cyanogen-containing waste gas and an oxidant containing oxygen are reacted in a reactor to remove cyanides in the waste gas.
In the above technical solution, the oxidant is preferably air or oxygen-enriched air.
In the technical scheme, the reaction temperature is preferably 280-500 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the total volume space velocity of the cyanogen-containing waste gas and the oxidant is preferably 1000-30000 h-1。
In the above technical solution, the reactor is preferably a fixed bed reactor.
In the above technical scheme, the kind of cyanogen in the cyanogen-containing waste gas is not limited, as long as it has the effect of removing CN group in the molecule, for example, but not limited to, cyanogen ((CN)2) Thiocyanide ((SCN)2) Oxygen cyanide ((OCN)2) HCN, HSCN, HOCN, saturated nitriles of C2 to C10 (such as but not limited to acetonitrile), unsaturated nitriles of C3 to C10 (such as but not limited to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, benzonitrile, m-tolunitrile), and the like.
It is known to the person skilled in the art that a mechanically stronger catalyst is obtained if drying is carried out before calcination, and from this point of view, a drying step is recommended before calcination. The specific temperature of drying is not limited, such as but not limited to 60-120 ℃, and further non-limiting examples may be: 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 90 deg.C, 100 deg.C, 110 deg.C, etc.
The technical scheme of the invention shows that the C-06 catalyst containing ruthenium and copper prepared by the invention has the reaction temperature of 380 ℃ and the space velocity of 12000h-1The cyanide in the cyanide-containing waste gas can be effectively removed, and the acrylonitrile in the cyanide-containing waste gas is reduced from 1,925ppm to 0.8ppm after the catalytic oxidation treatment; the hydrogen cyanide is reduced from 240ppm to 1.2ppm, and the content of NOx in the tail gas is 17.4ppm, so that a better technical effect is achieved.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Detailed Description
[ example 1 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
In weight ratio, ZrO2Ru and Cu 96:0.2:3.8, and catalyst A-01 was prepared.
Adding 96 parts of ZrO2The catalyst carrier was impregnated at room temperature with RuCl equivalent to 0.2 parts Ru3And 3.8 parts of Cu (NO)3)2The catalyst A-01 is obtained by roasting the catalyst A-01 in an air atmosphere at 400 ℃ after the catalyst A-01 is dried in an aqueous solution overnight at 80 ℃. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925ppm, hydrogen cyanide 240ppm) and air were mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 and then passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800ml of a-01 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
[ example 2 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
In terms of weight ratio, SiO2Ru and Cu in a ratio of 96:0.2:3.8 to prepare the catalyst A-02.
Mixing 96 parts of SiO2The catalyst carrier was impregnated at room temperature with RuCl equivalent to 0.2 parts Ru3And 3.8 parts of Cu (NO)3)2The catalyst A-02 is obtained by roasting the catalyst A-02 in an air atmosphere at 400 ℃ after the catalyst A is dried at 80 ℃ overnight in an aqueous solution. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925ppm, hydrogen cyanide 240ppm) and air were mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 and then passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800ml of a-02 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
[ example 3 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
Calculated by weight ratio, Al2O3Ru and Cu are respectively 96:0.2:3.8, and the catalyst A-03 is prepared.
Mixing 96 parts of Al2O3The catalyst carrier was impregnated at room temperature with RuCl equivalent to 0.2 parts Ru3And 3.8 parts of Cu (NO)3)2The catalyst A-03 is obtained by standing overnight in an aqueous solution, drying at 80 ℃ and then roasting for 4 hours at 400 ℃ in an air atmosphere. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925ppm, hydrogen cyanide 240ppm) and air were mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 and then passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800ml of a-03 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
[ example 4 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
In weight ratio, TiO2Ru and Cu 96:0.2:3.8, and catalyst A-04 was prepared.
96 parts of TiO2The catalyst carrier was impregnated at room temperature with RuCl equivalent to 0.2 parts Ru3And 3.8 parts of Cu (NO)3)2The catalyst A-04 is obtained by calcining the catalyst A-04 in an air atmosphere at 400 ℃ after the catalyst A-04 is dried in an aqueous solution overnight at 80 ℃. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925ppm, hydrogen cyanide 240ppm) and air were mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 and then passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800ml of a-04 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
[ example 5 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
In weight ratio, TiO2Ru and Cu 96:0.2:3.8, catalyst A-05 was prepared.
96 parts of TiO2The catalyst carrier was impregnated with Ru (NO) equivalent to 0.2 part Ru at room temperature3)3And 3.8 parts of Cu (NO)3)2The catalyst A-05 is obtained by roasting the catalyst in an air atmosphere at 400 ℃ for 4 hours after the catalyst is dried in an aqueous solution at 80 ℃. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925ppm, hydrogen cyanide 240ppm) and air were mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 and then passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800ml of a-05 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
[ example 6 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
In weight ratio, TiO2Ru and Cu 96:0.2:3.8, and catalyst A-06 was prepared.
96 parts of TiO2The catalyst carrier was impregnated with Ru (NO) equivalent to 0.2 part Ru at room temperature3)3And (3) standing overnight in the aqueous solution, drying at 80 ℃, and roasting for 4 hours at 400 ℃ in an air atmosphere to obtain a catalyst precursor B-06. B-06 was immersed in Cu (NO) equivalent to 3.8 parts of Cu3)2The catalyst A-06 is obtained by drying the catalyst in water solution overnight at 80 ℃ and then roasting the dried catalyst for 4 hours in air atmosphere at 400 ℃. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925ppm, hydrogen cyanide 240ppm) and air were mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 and then passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800ml of a-06 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
[ example 7 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
In weight ratio, TiO2Ru and Cu are respectively 96:0.2:3.8, and the catalyst A-07 is prepared.
96 parts of TiO2The catalyst carrier was impregnated with Cu (NO) equivalent to 3.8 parts of Cu at room temperature3)2And (3) standing overnight in the aqueous solution, drying at 80 ℃, and roasting for 4 hours at 400 ℃ in an air atmosphere to obtain a catalyst precursor B-07. B-07 was impregnated with Ru (NO) equivalent to 0.2 part of Ru3)3The catalyst A-07 is obtained by calcining the catalyst A-07 in an air atmosphere at 400 ℃ after the catalyst A is dried at 80 ℃ overnight in an aqueous solution. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925ppm, hydrogen cyanide 240ppm) and air were mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 and then passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800ml of a-07 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
[ example 8 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
In weight ratio, TiO2Ru and Cu 96:0.2:3.8, and catalyst A-08 was prepared.
96 parts of TiO2The catalyst carrier was impregnated with Ru (NO) equivalent to 0.4 part Ru at room temperature3)3And (3) standing overnight in the aqueous solution, drying at 80 ℃, and roasting for 4 hours at 400 ℃ in an air atmosphere to obtain a catalyst precursor B-08. B-08 was impregnated with Cu (NO) equivalent to 3.6 parts of Cu3)2The catalyst A-08 is obtained by roasting the catalyst A-08 in an air atmosphere at 400 ℃ after the catalyst A is dried at 80 ℃ overnight. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925 p)pm, 240ppm hydrogen cyanide) and air at a ratio of 1: 5 and then passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800ml of a-08 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
[ COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
In weight ratio, TiO2Ru 96:4 catalyst D-01 was prepared.
96 parts of TiO2The catalyst carrier is impregnated with Ru (NO) equivalent to 4 parts of Ru at room temperature3)3The catalyst D-01 is obtained by roasting the catalyst in an air atmosphere at 400 ℃ for 4 hours after the catalyst is dried in an aqueous solution at 80 ℃. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925ppm, hydrogen cyanide 240ppm) and air were mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 and passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800mLD-01 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
[ COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 ]
1. Catalyst preparation
In weight ratio, TiO2Cu of 96:4, catalyst D-02 was prepared.
96 parts of TiO2The catalyst carrier was impregnated with Cu (NO) equivalent to 4 parts of Cu at room temperature3)2The catalyst D-02 was obtained by drying the aqueous solution overnight at 80 ℃ and then calcining the dried product in an air atmosphere at 400 ℃ for 4 hours. The catalyst formulation is shown in table 1.
2. Catalyst evaluation
Cyanogen-containing waste gas (acrylonitrile 1925ppm, hydrogen cyanide 240ppm) and air were mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 and passed through a fixed bed reactor packed with 800mLD-02 catalyst. The reaction temperature in the reactor is 380 ℃, and the reaction space velocity is 12000h-1. The reaction results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 formulation of the catalyst
Examples Catalyst and process for preparing same Catalyst formulation The mass ratio of each component
Example 1 A-01 ZrO2:Ru:Cu 96:0.2:3.8
Example 2 A-02 SiO2:Ru:Cu 96:0.2:3.8
Example 3 A-03 Al2O3:Ru:Cu 96:0.2:3.8
Example 4 A-04 TiO2:Ru:Cu 96:0.2:3.8
Example 5 A-05 TiO2:Ru:Cu 96:0.2:3.8
Example 6 A-06 TiO2:Ru:Cu 96:0.2:3.8
Example 7 A-07 TiO2:Ru:Cu 96:0.2:3.8
Example 8 A-08 TiO2:Ru:Cu 96:0.4:3.6
Comparative example 1 D-01 TiO2:Ru 96:4
Comparative example 2 D-02 TiO2:Cu 96:4
TABLE 2 reaction results
Figure BDA0001126721600000081

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing a catalyst for catalytic oxidation of a cyanide-containing exhaust gas comprising ruthenium and copper and a carrier, comprising:
1) mixing a solution of a compound containing ruthenium element with a carrier;
2) roasting to obtain a catalyst precursor I;
3) mixing a copper element-containing compound solution with a precursor I;
4) the mixture is roasted and then is subjected to roasting,
the catalyst for catalytic oxidation of the cyanogen-containing waste gas comprises the following components in parts by weight:
(1) 90-99.5 parts of a catalyst carrier;
(2) 0.1-5 parts of ruthenium;
(3)0.1-5 parts of copper;
the catalyst carrier is TiO2。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is in the form of honeycomb, clover, column or sphere.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the calcination temperature is 300 to 700 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the calcination time is 1 to 6 hours.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the atmosphere for the calcination is an inert atmosphere or an oxidizing atmosphere.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the oxidizing atmosphere is air.
7. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ruthenium compound is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium nitrate, ruthenium chloride and ruthenium acetate.
8. Use of the catalyst prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7 in catalytic oxidative decyanation of cyanogen-containing exhaust gas.
CN201610881458.1A 2016-10-09 2016-10-09 Catalyst for catalytic oxidation of waste gas containing cyanogen and preparation method thereof Active CN107913708B (en)

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CN110639500A (en) * 2018-06-27 2020-01-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Combustion catalyst for cyanogen-containing waste gas and application of combustion catalyst in cyanogen-containing waste gas treatment
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