CN107907817B - Experimental device and experimental method for evaluating quality of circuit board in composite environment - Google Patents

Experimental device and experimental method for evaluating quality of circuit board in composite environment Download PDF

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CN107907817B
CN107907817B CN201710947874.1A CN201710947874A CN107907817B CN 107907817 B CN107907817 B CN 107907817B CN 201710947874 A CN201710947874 A CN 201710947874A CN 107907817 B CN107907817 B CN 107907817B
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circuit board
temperature
quality
test box
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CN107907817A (en
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岳刚
邓鸿剑
杨盼奎
刘侠
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/28Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
    • G01R31/282Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere

Abstract

The invention provides an experimental device for evaluating the quality of a circuit board in a composite environment, which comprises a test box, a radio frequency system, a pulse voltage generation system, a bracket, a power probe and a data processing system, wherein the radio frequency system is connected with the side wall of a box body of the test box and transmits electromagnetic waves into the test box, the pulse voltage generation system carries out high-voltage discharge on the circuit board to be tested, the bracket is used for placing the circuit board to be tested, and the power probe is used for measuring the intensity of the electromagnetic waves near the. The invention also provides an experimental method for evaluating the quality of the circuit board in a composite environment, which adopts the experimental device. The experimental device and the experimental method for evaluating the quality of the circuit board in the composite environment can respectively detect the quality of the circuit board under the conditions of different temperatures, radio frequency interference and high electric fields.

Description

Experimental device and experimental method for evaluating quality of circuit board in composite environment
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device of a circuit board, in particular to an experimental device capable of evaluating the quality of the circuit board in a composite environment and a corresponding experimental method
Background
Along with the continuous progress of rail traffic energy, the motor train unit is selected more and more at the special high speed, circuit boards of a display system, a broadcasting circuit and various other purposes are all in a complex electromagnetic environment in the running process of the motor train unit, all electronic equipment and control systems in each compartment of the motor train unit are installed in a centralized mode to cause local high temperature, and the factors are main factors of circuit board damage and circuit failure.
At present, the performance influence of electromagnetic interference on various circuit boards can be mainly tested through an authoritative experiment center, the testing process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, meanwhile, an electromagnetic immunity experiment and a high-voltage damage experiment on electronic components are carried out separately, and the product quality close to the actual working condition of a high-speed train cannot be effectively evaluated, so that an experiment device and a corresponding experiment method capable of accurately and quickly measuring the quality of various circuit boards of a motor train unit under the working condition are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems and the defects and provides an experimental device and an experimental method for evaluating the quality of a circuit board in a composite environment, which can respectively detect the quality of the circuit board under the conditions of different temperatures, radio frequency interference and high electric fields.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention firstly provides an experimental device for evaluating the quality of a circuit board in a composite environment, and the technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides an experimental apparatus for appraisal circuit board quality under complex environment, includes the test box, still include with test box lateral wall connect to the radio frequency system of transmission electromagnetic wave in the test box, to the circuit board that awaits measuring carry out high voltage discharge's impulse voltage generation system, place the support of the circuit board that awaits measuring, measure near the power probe and the data processing system of the electromagnetic wave intensity of circuit board that awaits measuring.
Further, the temperature regulating system can regulate and control the temperature in the test box.
Furthermore, the radio frequency system comprises a radio frequency signal source, a power control system and a composite antenna which are connected with each other through a transmission line, wherein the power control system receives electromagnetic waves transmitted by the radio frequency signal source, amplifies the electromagnetic waves to corresponding power, and transmits the electromagnetic waves to the inside of the test box through the composite antenna.
Furthermore, the power control system comprises a power amplifier and a power control loop, the power amplifier is respectively connected with the radio frequency signal source, the composite antenna and the power control loop, and the power control loop is connected with the power probe.
Furthermore, the data processing system comprises a data acquisition system and a data analysis display system, wherein the data acquisition system transmits the acquired pulse voltage signal, the acquired radio frequency power signal, the acquired temperature signal and the acquired discharge capacity information to the data analysis system for data analysis and processing and display.
The invention further provides an experimental method for evaluating the quality of the circuit board in a composite environment, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental method for evaluating the quality of a circuit board in a complex environment uses the experimental device as described above, and the test process comprises the following steps,
s1, presetting different control temperatures by the temperature adjusting device, and heating the test box to maintain the corresponding preset control temperature level in the box;
s2, the radio frequency system emits electromagnetic waves into the test box, and the intensity of the electromagnetic waves around to be tested is adjusted within a preset range through the power control system;
s3, the temperature and the electromagnetic wave around the circuit board to be tested reach constant, the pulse voltage generating system is started to enable the circuit board to be tested to be in a strong electric field, the high-voltage discharge damage test is carried out on the circuit board to be tested in a composite environment, and related signals in the test process are collected;
s4, the data processing system processes the signals collected in the step S3 correspondingly, and calculates the quality grade evaluation coefficients of the circuit board in different composite environments;
and S5, comparing the calculated evaluation system with the existing evaluation grading table to obtain the quality grade of the circuit board to be tested.
Further, the evaluation coefficient is calculated using the following formula,
Figure BDA0001432169720000021
wherein eta is an evaluation coefficient, T is a certain preset temperature provided by the temperature control system, the board is a circuit board reflection coefficient, air is an air reflection coefficient, Q is the discharge capacity of the circuit board obtained by the filter circuit, P is a certain preset output power provided by the power control system, and U is a certain preset pulse voltage provided by the pulse voltage system.
Further, when η is greater than 7.5, the quality grade is poor, when η is less than or equal to 7.5 and η is greater than 4.5, the quality grade is medium, when η is less than or equal to 4.5 and η is greater than 1.5, the quality grade is excellent.
Furthermore, the data acquisition system is connected with the amplifying and filtering loop, and the discharge capacity information in the circuit board to be detected is acquired through the ultrahigh frequency antenna.
Furthermore, the central parts of the six side walls of the test box are provided with the composite antennas.
In summary, the experimental apparatus and the experimental method for evaluating the quality of the circuit board in the composite environment provided by the invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1. the temperature in the test box is regulated and controlled by a temperature regulating system, and heating control and monitoring are realized by a loop, so that the preset temperature is maintained in the box, and the temperature of the test environment is stable;
2. amplifying electromagnetic wave signals emitted by a radio frequency signal source through a power control system, adjusting the intensity of the electromagnetic wave in time according to the feedback of a power probe, enabling a test box to receive stable preset electromagnetic waves, and realizing the functions of amplification, monitoring and adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signals through a loop;
3. the device can simulate the composite environment under different working conditions simultaneously, and can adjust the working condition coefficient in the environment at any time as required, and adapt to different circuit boards to test.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of a circuit board quality detection device in a composite environment;
FIG. 2: the invention relates to a schematic structure diagram of a test box in a circuit board quality detection device in a composite environment;
wherein: the system comprises a transmission line 1, a radio frequency system 2, a data processing system 3, a power control system 4, a 220V alternating current power supply 5, a radio frequency signal source 6, a power amplifier 7, a power control loop 8, an ultrahigh frequency antenna 9, a pulse voltage generation system 10, a direct current power supply 11, a temperature regulation system 12, an amplification filter loop 13, a data acquisition system 14, a direct current power supply line 15, an insulating supporting plate 16, a composite antenna 17, a supporting plate bracket 18, a wave-absorbing material 19, a test box 20, an electric heating device 21, a temperature regulation device 22, a temperature sensor 25, a power probe 26, a circuit board 27, a data analysis display system 33, an insulating material 36, a supporting plate bracket lower section 37, a supporting plate bracket middle section 38, a supporting plate bracket upper section 39,
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The invention provides an experimental device for evaluating the quality of a circuit board in a composite environment, which comprises a test box 20, a radio frequency system 2 connected with the side wall of the box body of the test box 20 and used for emitting electromagnetic waves into the test box 20, a pulse voltage generating system 10 used for carrying out high-voltage discharge on the circuit board 27 to be tested, a bracket for placing the circuit board to be tested, a power probe 26 used for measuring the intensity of the electromagnetic waves near the circuit board 27 to be tested, and a data processing system 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the test box 20 is a sealed structure, and includes six side walls connected and fixed to each other, an insulating material 36 is provided inside, a bracket capable of placing a circuit board 27 to be tested (hereinafter referred to as circuit board 27) is fixed on the bottom wall, the bracket includes a supporting plate bracket 18 and an insulating supporting plate 16, the bottom of the supporting plate bracket 18 is fixed to the bottom wall of the test box 20, the top of the supporting plate bracket is fixed to the insulating supporting plate 16, the insulating supporting plate 16 is used for placing the circuit board 27, and at the same time, one or more temperature sensors 25 and power probes 26 are fixed to the upper surface of the insulating supporting plate for sensing the temperature around the circuit board and the intensity of electromagnetic. As shown in fig. 2, the pallet support 18 includes a lower pallet support section 37, a middle pallet support section 38, and an upper pallet support section 39, which are vertically connected in sequence to form a "ㄣ" shaped pallet support 18, the bottom of the lower pallet support section 37 is fixed to the bottom wall of the test box 20, the top of the upper pallet support section is provided with the insulating pallet 16, and the three sections are all rectangular parallelepiped structures.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, the test box 20 is a cube with the side length of 2400mm, and a cube space with the side length of 2350mm is defined by insulating materials with the thickness of 3mm in the test box 20; the lower section 37 of the supporting plate bracket is a cuboid with the length and width of 40mm and the height of 1025mm, the middle section 38 of the supporting plate bracket is a cuboid with the length of 280mm and the width and height of 40mm, and the upper section 39 of the supporting plate bracket is a cuboid with the length and width of 40mm and the height of 100 mm; an insulating supporting plate 16 with the length, the width of 200mm and the thickness of 10mm is arranged on the upper section 39 of the supporting plate bracket. In practical applications, the specific dimensions of the test box 20 and the internal insulating support plate 16 and the support plate support 18 can be determined according to the size of the circuit board to be tested.
As shown in fig. 1, the rf system 2 is connected to a composite antenna 17 fixed on the inner wall of the test box 20 through a transmission line 1, and includes a 220V ac power supply 5, a rf signal source 6 and a power control system 4 which are connected in sequence, the 220V ac power supply supplies power to the rf signal source, the rf signal source 6 transmits rf signals with a certain power, i.e., electromagnetic waves, the power control system 4 adjusts and controls the electromagnetic signals transmitted by the rf signal source 6, and the transmission line 1 is connected to the composite antenna 17 and supplies electromagnetic waves with a predetermined power to the inside of the test box 20. The power control system 4 comprises a power amplifier 7, a power control loop 8 and a power probe 26 fixed on the insulating supporting plate 16, wherein the power amplifier 7 has three functional interfaces which are respectively connected with a radio frequency signal source 6, the power control loop 8 and a composite antenna 17 on the inner wall of the test box 20, one end of the power control loop 8 is connected with the power amplifier 7, and the other end of the power control loop 8 is connected with the power probe 26 on the insulating supporting plate 16 through a transmission line 1.
Since the schematic diagram of the test box 20 is shown in fig. 1, the composite antennas 17 mounted on the front and rear faces of the inner wall are not visible from the direction shown in fig. 1, and therefore, two shorter broken lines in fig. 1 represent the transmission lines 1 connected to the composite antennas 17 fixed on the front and rear faces of the inner wall, and the other longer broken line represents the transmission line 1 connected to the composite antenna 17 on the right side face bypassing the back of the test box 20.
The 220V alternating current power supply 5 supplies power to the radio frequency signal source 6, the radio frequency signal source 6 inputs the output high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the power amplifier 7 for amplification, the composite antenna 17 is fixed on the inner wall of the test box 20 by using a high-temperature resistant adhesive tape, in the embodiment provided by the invention, 6 composite antennas 17 are respectively fixed in the centers of six surfaces of the inner wall of the test box 20, so that the electromagnetic wave signals in the test box 20 are balanced, and each composite antenna 17 is respectively communicated with the power amplifier 7 through the transmission line 1, receives the electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the power amplifier 7 and transmits the electromagnetic waves into the test box 20. The inner wall of the test box 20 is also adhered with a wave-absorbing material 19 for absorbing residual electromagnetic waves and preventing the electromagnetic waves from diffusing outwards. The power probe 26 is fixed on the insulating support plate 16 by a high temperature resistant adhesive tape, and is used for detecting the electromagnetic wave power near the circuit board 27, and controlling and adjusting the electromagnetic wave environment around the circuit board 27 by controlling the power amplifier 7.
In order to achieve a composite environment in the test box 20, the experimental apparatus is further provided with a temperature adjusting system 12 capable of adjusting and controlling the internal temperature of the test box, which includes an electric heating device 21, a temperature sensor 25 and a temperature adjusting device 22, the electric heating device 21 is fixed on the inner wall of the test box 20 by using a high temperature resistant adhesive tape, the electric heating device 21 is prevented from falling off on the inner wall in a high temperature state, the temperature sensor 25 is fixed on the insulating support plate 16 by using the high temperature resistant adhesive tape to accurately sense the heating temperature around the circuit board 27, thereby preventing the detection temperature signal from being distorted or the internal temperature from being unbalanced, the temperature sensor 25 can be provided in plurality, the position of the temperature sensor is balanced around the circuit board 27, similarly, the number of power probes 26 is also provided in plurality, the position of the temperature sensor 25 and the power probes 26 are balanced around the circuit board 27, the arrangement of the, The placement is horizontal. The direct current power supply 11 supplies power to the electric heating device 11 through the direct current power supply line 15, so that the electric heating device 11 works, the temperature of the test box 20 is raised to a preset temperature, the temperature sensor collects temperature signals around the circuit board 27 and transmits the temperature signals back to the temperature adjusting device 22, and the temperature adjusting device 22 controls the temperature near the circuit board 27 by controlling the power of the direct current power supply 11. In the embodiment of the present invention, the electric heating device 21 may be an electric heating wire, and in practical applications, any other device capable of realizing electric heating may also be used.
The pulse voltage generating system 10 is connected to the circuit board 27, and is configured to generate a pulse voltage, generate a high voltage, generate electric fields with different intensities, and perform a high-voltage discharge test on the circuit board 27. The discharge signal generated on the circuit board 27 is amplified and filtered by the ground circuit 13 for signal preliminary processing, and then the discharge amount information is collected by the data processing system 3 and is analyzed and processed.
The data processing system 3 comprises a data acquisition system 14 and a data analysis display system 33, wherein the data acquisition system 14 transmits acquired pulse voltage signals, radio frequency power signals, temperature signals and discharge capacity information to the data analysis display system 33 for data analysis and processing and display.
The invention also provides an experimental method for evaluating the quality of the circuit board in the composite environment, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the direct current power supply 11 is switched on, the inner wall of the test box 20 is heated, different control temperatures are preset for the temperature adjusting device 22, the test box 20 is heated, and the output power of the direct current power supply 11 is adjusted in time through the temperature signal detected by the temperature sensor 25, so that the corresponding preset control temperature level is maintained in the box;
s2, a 220V alternating current power supply 5 is switched on, the radio frequency system 2 emits electromagnetic waves into the test box 20, and the intensity of the electromagnetic waves around the circuit board 27 to be tested is adjusted within a preset range through a power control system;
s3, the temperature and the electromagnetic wave around the circuit board 27 to be tested reach constant, the pulse voltage generating system 10 is started to enable the circuit board to be tested to be in a strong electric field, the high-voltage discharge damage test is carried out on the circuit board to be tested in a composite environment, the amplifying and filtering loop 13 and the data acquisition system 14 are started, and relevant signals in the test process are acquired;
and S4, the data acquisition system 14 correspondingly processes the signals acquired in the step S3, and calculates the quality grade evaluation coefficients of the circuit boards in different composite environments.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, the evaluation coefficient is calculated by adopting the following formula:
Figure BDA0001432169720000061
wherein eta is an evaluation coefficient, T is a certain preset temperature provided by the temperature control system, the board is a circuit board reflection coefficient, air is an air reflection coefficient, Q is the discharge capacity of the circuit board obtained by the filter loop, P is a certain preset output power of the electromagnetic wave provided by the power control system, and U is a certain preset pulse voltage provided by the pulse voltage system.
In practical applications, the power, temperature and pulse voltage values of the electromagnetic wave in the complex environment in steps S1 to S4 can be infinitely cycled, and the evaluation coefficients under different conditions can be calculated respectively. Meanwhile, a high-voltage discharge test can be performed only according to the electromagnetic wave power and temperature in the most common composite environment of the circuit board 27 in the using process, and an evaluation coefficient is further calculated to evaluate the quality of the circuit board 27.
And S5, comparing the calculated evaluation system with the existing evaluation grading table to obtain the quality grade of the circuit board to be tested.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, the circuit board of the vehicle-mounted display system is taken as an example, the related data is collected through the method, the evaluation coefficient is calculated through the formula, when eta is greater than 7.5, the quality grade is poor, when eta is less than or equal to 7.5 and eta is greater than 4.5, the quality grade is medium, when eta is less than or equal to 4.5 and eta is greater than 1.5, the quality grade is excellent. In practical application, the circuit boards with similar purposes or using environments can be graded in quality grade under the composite environment of the circuit boards according to the data range, or only refer to the data, or in practical application, the testing device and the testing method provided by the invention can be used for carrying out a large number of experiments on the circuit boards, summarizing the experimental data and the quality of the corresponding circuit boards, and summarizing the data range for grading the quality grade of the circuit boards.
In summary, the experimental apparatus and the experimental method for evaluating the quality of the circuit board in the composite environment provided by the invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1. the temperature in the test box is regulated and controlled by a temperature regulating system, and heating control and monitoring are realized by a loop, so that the preset temperature is maintained in the box, and the temperature of the test environment is stable;
2. amplifying electromagnetic wave signals emitted by a radio frequency signal source through a power control system, adjusting the intensity of the electromagnetic wave in time according to the feedback of a power probe, enabling a test box to receive stable preset electromagnetic waves, and realizing the functions of amplification, monitoring and adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signals through a loop;
3. the device can simulate the composite environment under different working conditions simultaneously, and can adjust the working condition coefficient in the environment at any time as required, and adapt to different circuit boards to test.
Similar solutions can be derived as described above in connection with the given solution content. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. An experimental method for evaluating the quality of a circuit board in a composite environment is characterized in that: the experimental device comprises a test box, a radio frequency system, a pulse voltage generation system, a support, a power probe, a data processing system and a temperature regulation system, wherein the radio frequency system is connected with the side wall of a box body of the test box and used for transmitting electromagnetic waves into the test box;
the data processing system comprises a data acquisition system and a data analysis display system, wherein the data acquisition system transmits acquired pulse voltage signals, radio frequency power signals, temperature signals and discharge capacity information to the data analysis display system for data analysis and processing and display;
the test procedure comprises the following steps,
s1, presetting different control temperatures by the temperature adjusting system, and heating the test box to maintain the corresponding preset control temperature level in the box;
s2, the radio frequency system emits electromagnetic waves into the test box, and the intensity of the electromagnetic waves around to be tested is adjusted within a preset range through the power control system;
s3, the temperature and the electromagnetic wave around the circuit board to be tested reach constant, the pulse voltage generating system is started to enable the circuit board to be tested to be in a strong electric field, the high-voltage discharge damage test is carried out on the circuit board to be tested in a composite environment, and related signals in the test process are collected;
s4, the data processing system processes the signals collected in the step S3 correspondingly, and calculates the quality grade evaluation coefficients of the circuit board in different composite environments;
s5, comparing the calculated evaluation system with the existing evaluation grading table to obtain the quality grade of the circuit board to be tested;
calculating an evaluation coefficient by adopting the following formula;
Figure FDA0002542900530000011
wherein η is an evaluation coefficient, T is a certain preset temperature provided by the temperature control system,boardIs the reflection coefficient of the circuit board,air (a)Is the air reflection coefficient, QMeasuringDischarge quantity, P, of circuit board obtained for filtering loopIs provided withA predetermined output power, U, for the power control systemIs provided withA certain preset pulse voltage is provided for the pulse voltage system.
2. The experimental method for evaluating the quality of a circuit board in a composite environment according to claim 1, wherein: when eta is greater than 7.5, the quality grade is poor, when eta is less than or equal to 7.5 and eta is greater than 4.5, the quality grade is medium, when eta is less than or equal to 4.5 and eta is greater than 1.5, the quality grade is excellent.
3. The experimental method for evaluating the quality of a circuit board in a composite environment according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition system is connected with the amplifying and filtering loop and acquires the discharge capacity information in the circuit board to be tested through the ultrahigh frequency antenna.
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