CN107905943A - 调桨长的万向风车的端板 - Google Patents

调桨长的万向风车的端板 Download PDF

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CN107905943A
CN107905943A CN201610041426.0A CN201610041426A CN107905943A CN 107905943 A CN107905943 A CN 107905943A CN 201610041426 A CN201610041426 A CN 201610041426A CN 107905943 A CN107905943 A CN 107905943A
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李洪泽
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/202—Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid
    • F05B2240/2021—Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid by means of telescoping blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/328—Blade pitch angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/70—Type of control algorithm
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

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Abstract

本发明名称为调浆长的万向风车端板，是对调浆长的万向风车专利的进一步改进和创新。由于升力型风车叶片凸面和凹面之间的气压之差，会使叶片末端的凹面气体向凸面绕动，产生翼尖涡。翼尖涡会扰乱叶片两端气流的正常流动，减小叶片的升力，产生涡诱导阻力，造成叶片阻力增加。为了减小这一不利影响，调浆长的万向风车在叶桨顶端加装了平板式顶端端板，但是，这虽然解决了绕动问题，却又无形中增加了叶桨的阻力，特别是端板处于叶桨的顶端，受到的由于风车旋转而产生的风力最强，那么产生的阻力就更大。本发明将平板端板改为翼型端板，并水平固定在风车叶桨的顶端。端板受到水平方向的风的作用，就会产生升力。这样，端板既起到了防止气流绕动作用，又产生升力，增大了正反馈系数β，起到了调节正反馈系数β大小的作用，大大提高风车效率。

Description

调桨长的万向风车的端板
技术领域
本发明专利涉及一种风能利用设备领域
背景技术
调桨长的万向风车(201210393482.2)由支架、叶桨、叶桨头、端板、转轴、桨长控制系统几部分组成。2～4个叶桨均匀分布在转轴周围，叶桨通过叶桨头斜向安装在支架上，形成V字形结构，利用叶桨头上的三个相应转轴可以调节叶桨的倾斜度(α)、偏心度(β)、安装攻角(γ)，其中：叶桨展向轴线与水平方向的夹角定义为叶桨倾斜度(α)，用角度表示；叶桨的压力线与转轴之间的偏离距离与其最大偏离距离的比值定义为偏心度(β)，用百分数表示；风车静止时翼型弦线与水平方向的夹角定义为安装攻角(γ)，用角度表示。调节叶桨头上的三个转轴，使叶桨的倾斜度(α)、偏心度(β)、安装攻角(γ)发生变化，就使叶桨翼型截面的方向、位置发生了变化，从而使叶桨翼型截面上产生的升力的方向和大小发生变化。通过最优化设计和调节，使风车在风力作用下启动旋转以后，随着旋转转速不断增加，使叶桨前缘的线速度增加，这相当于叶桨前缘受到的自然风力又增加了由于风车旋转产生的风力，实现了输出到输入之间的反馈。又由于叶桨通过叶桨头斜向安装在支架上，形成V字形结构，且有一定的偏心度(β)，就使升力型风车的反馈信号与输入信号叠加后加强了原来的输入信号形成了正反馈，从而使风车受到的旋转力矩增加，风车转速增加，又反馈到输入端与输入信号叠加产生正反馈效应，提高了风车效率。风车输出转矩与反馈到风车转轴上的旋转转矩增加值之比，就是反馈系数，用β表示。
那么，叶桨上所受到的升力是怎样产生的呢？这是因为风车的叶桨是带弯度的机翼型，斜向固定在支架上形成V字形结构，且有一定偏心度(β)，根据佰努利原理：单位体积的流体的动能、势能、和压力能之和在同一流线上为一定值，这就是说翼型叶片在气流中，因为是带弯度的机翼型，凹凸两面的流通面积不同，凹面流通面积较大，空气流速会变慢压强变高，凸面流通面积较小，空气流速变快压强变低，由于叶片凹面和凸面存在气压之差，叶片就产生了升力。
值得注意的是，叶片凸面、凹面气压之差，也会使叶片末端的凹面气体向凸面方向绕动，产生翼尖涡。翼尖涡会扰乱叶片两端气流的正常流动，减小叶片的升力，叶片的升力系数越大则涡的影响越大，并且翼尖涡会在叶端后方形成一串的涡流，产生涡诱导阻力，造成叶片阻力增加。
为了减小这一不利影响，现有技术H型达里厄(Darrieus)风力机采用了航空技术，在叶片顶端加装端板，大大减小了绕流的影响，附图图1是加装有端板的H型达里厄风车翼尖端板安装示意图，上图是立体图，下图是前视图。当然端板的设计既要减小绕流也不能明显增加阻力而降低风车效率。
调桨长万向风车也应用了H型达里厄(Darrieus)风车的现有技术，加装了顶端端板，从而起到了防止叶桨末端的凹面气体向凸面绕动，产生翼尖涡的作用。
但是，这一技术不可避免的会增加叶桨的阻力，特别是端板处于叶桨的顶端，受到的由于风车旋转而产生的风力最强，产生的阻力就更大。
那么，能不能变不利为有利，充分利用端板处于叶桨的顶端，受到的风速最强的特点，如果使端板也产生升力，也推动叶桨旋转，那不就可以提高正反馈系数β，更大的提高风车的效率吗？这就是本专利所要实现的主要目标。
发明内容
一、端板的组成和结构
调桨长万向风车的叶桨端板由一段固定的翼型短节叶桨和两个平板以及前固定桩和后固定桩组成，翼型短节叶桨通过前、后固定桩固定在风车叶桨顶端，与风车旋转面平行；平板式翼尖端板固定在翼型短节叶桨的两端，与风车旋转面垂直；通过对端板的厚度、弦长、面积的最优化设计和位置的调整，使端板翼型的攻角最佳(约在0～15度)，产生的升力最大，使风车的正反馈系数β最大，效率最高。
二、工作原理和效果
调桨长万向风车的叶桨端板由于是一段下平上凸的翼型短节水平固定于风车叶桨的顶端，这样一来，端板就会受到水平方向的风的作用，这里水平方向的风既包括自然风也包括因风车旋转而产生的风。根据空气动力学原理，端板上就会产生垂直向上方向的升力，又因为叶桨是倾斜的，那么升力就被分解成平行于旋转平面的分力和垂直于旋转平面的分力。平行于旋转面的分力，就会产生使支架旋转的力矩，从而加快风车旋转。风车旋转的加快，使风速增加，升力增加，又促使旋转的力矩增大，这样就形成了正反馈，产生正反馈效应，提高了风车效率。垂直于旋转面的分力，起到了减轻轴承压力的作用，也就减轻了风轮的旋转阻力。所以，端板现在不光起到防止叶桨末端的凹面气体向凸面绕动产生翼尖涡的作用，还起到了增大正反馈系数β，提高风车效率的作用，且后一作用力度更强，效果更大。因为端板在叶桨的顶端，风车旋转而产生的线速度最大，风力最大，产生的升力也最大。改变顶端端板的面积、厚度、攻角、端板与转轴之间的距离，就改变了正反馈系数β的大小。
三、附图说明
图1 H型达里厄风车翼尖端板安装图(上图为立体图，下图为前视图)；
图2调浆长的万向风车端板结构示意图(上图为立体图，下图为前视图)：2-1叶桨；2-2 前固定桩；2-3后固定桩；2-4翼尖端板；
图3单层调浆长的万向风车端板安装示意图：3-1主轴；3-2支架；3-3叶桨头；3-7发电机；3-8叶桨；3-9端板；
图4四层调浆长的万向风车端板安装示意图：4-1主轴；4-2叶桨头；4-3支架；4-7发电机；4-8叶桨；4-9端板；
四、具体实施方式
参见图2，用0.3～0.8mm的薄钢板压制成上凸下平的翼型短节叶桨2-1，用相同材料做成比翼型短节横截面略大的平板2-4，将2-4固定在翼型短节叶桨2-1的两端，再在翼型短节五分之一到六分之一处安装端板固定桩2-2、2-3，调浆长的万向风车端板即制作完成。
参见图3、图4，将原有端板改换成翼型短节叶桨。

Claims (4)

1.一种调桨长的万向风车的叶桨端板由一段翼型短节叶桨2-1和两个平板翼尖端板2-4以及前固定桩2-2和后固定桩2-3组成，翼型短节叶桨2-1通过前、后固定桩固定在风车叶桨顶端，翼型弦线与风车旋转面平行；平板式翼尖端板2-4固定在翼型短节叶桨2-1的两端，与风车旋转面垂直；通过对端板的厚度、弦长、面积的最优化设计和位置的调整，使端板翼型的攻角最佳(约在0～15度)，产生的升力最大，使风车的正反馈系数β最大，效率最高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调桨长的万向风车的叶桨端板，其特征在于，翼型短节叶桨2-1是上凸下平的翼型短节。
3.根据权利要求1所述的调桨长的万向风车的叶桨端板，其特征在于，用与翼型短节叶桨2-1相同材料做成比翼型短节横截面略大的平板作为翼型短节叶桨2-1的叶尖端板2-4，防止翼型末端的凹面气体向凸面绕动产生翼尖涡的作用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的调桨长的万向风车的叶桨端板，其特征是，叶桨端板因为是一段下平上凸的翼型短节，水平固定于风车叶桨的顶端，端板就会受到水平方向的风的作用，这里水平方向的风即包括自然风也包括因风车旋转而产生的风，根据空气动力学原理，端板上就会产生垂直向上方向的升力，又因为叶桨是倾斜的，那么升力就被分解成平行于旋转平面的分力和垂直于旋转平面的分力，平行于旋转面的分力，就会产生使支架旋转的力矩，从而加快风车旋转，风车旋转的加快，使风速增加，升力增加，又促使旋转的力矩增大，这样就形成了正反馈，提高了风车效率；垂直于旋转面的分力，起到了减轻轴承压力的作用，也就减轻了风轮的旋转阻力；所以，端板不光起到了防止叶桨末端的下方气体向上方绕动产生翼尖涡的作用，还起到了增大正反馈系数β，提高风车效率的作用，且后一作用力度更强，效果更大；因为端板在叶桨的顶端，风车旋转而产生的线速度最大，风力最大，产生的升力也最大；改变顶端端板的面积、厚度、攻角、弦长、端板与转轴之间的距离，就改变了正反馈系数β的大小。
CN201610041426.0A 2012-10-17 2012-10-17 调桨长的万向风车的端板 Pending CN107905943A (zh)

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