CN107900089B - Heavy metal contaminated soil remediation method and device based on leaf excretion mechanism - Google Patents
Heavy metal contaminated soil remediation method and device based on leaf excretion mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN107900089B CN107900089B CN201711165230.3A CN201711165230A CN107900089B CN 107900089 B CN107900089 B CN 107900089B CN 201711165230 A CN201711165230 A CN 201711165230A CN 107900089 B CN107900089 B CN 107900089B
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000234643 Festuca arundinacea Species 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001148659 Panicum dichotomiflorum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209049 Poa pratensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000000473 mesophyll cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000832 Cutin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101100483030 Salmonella phage ViI tail sheath gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A heavy metal contaminated soil remediation method based on a leaf excretion mechanism is characterized in that heavy metal-enriched plants with leaf excretion functions are planted on heavy metal contaminated soil, an eluent collecting device is arranged at the base of each heavy metal-enriched plant with the excretion functions, heavy metals secreted by leaves are eluted when raining or leaching, and are recovered through the eluent collecting device; the leacheate collecting device comprises: the method comprises the following steps: the plant washing liquid collecting disc is sleeved on the plant base, the washing liquid collecting opening is formed in the bottom of the collecting disc, and the washing liquid storage barrel is located below the washing liquid collecting opening. The method can continuously extract heavy metal pollutants from the soil, avoids the toxicity caused by excessive accumulation of heavy metals in plants, is simple to dispose the concentrated heavy metal leacheate, avoids the trouble of disposing a large amount of plant residues, and also avoids the risk of secondary pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of remediation of heavy metal environmental pollution, and particularly relates to a method and a device for remediating heavy metal polluted soil by using special plants with a function of secreting heavy metals from leaves.
Background
Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a very serious and global environmental problem. The plant restoration technology for heavy metal pollution mainly depends on plants with enrichment or super-enrichment capacity on various heavy metals, the plant root systems are used for absorbing heavy metal pollutants in soil and transporting the heavy metal pollutants to stems and leaves of overground parts, so that the heavy metals in the soil are gradually enriched to the root systems and the stems and leaves of the plants, and the purpose of removing the heavy metal pollutants in the soil is achieved by harvesting the plants. Because heavy metal pollutants such as cadmium, lead, chromium and the like have strong physiological toxicity to plants, the tolerance degree of plant bodies to the heavy metals is very limited, and the plants can be exhausted and dead after reaching a certain concentration, the existing plant restoration technology established by the enrichment mechanism of the plant bodies has the following defects: 1) only the heavy metal contaminated soil with lower concentration which can be tolerated by some plants can be repaired, but the heavy metal contaminated soil with high concentration in contaminated source areas such as tailings, chemical plant areas and the like has no effect, so that the method has great limitation; 2) the harvested plants are difficult to post-treat, the amount of the harvested plants is huge due to the low content of heavy metals enriched by the plants, the biomass of the enriched plants per hectare per season can reach 1-10 kilo, the plants cannot be directly buried and treated, the plants can be recycled or buried for treatment only after being burnt and concentrated, the plants are dried in the sun, burnt and the like, the plants can be treated only by a large treatment field and a large amount of investment, and the feasibility of the plant restoration technology is severely restricted; 3) the risk of secondary pollution is large, each step of harvesting, drying in the sun, burning, ash treatment and the like of the plants rich in heavy metals is difficult to finish in a completely closed environment, and once the heavy metals are diffused, the secondary pollution is caused to the surrounding environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil based on a blade excretion mechanism, which utilizes the blades of plants such as festuca arundinacea and poa pratensis to excrete heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, chromium, arsenic, zinc and the like) absorbed by root systems directly from water holes to the outside through a conduit of a xylem and spread outside cutin layers of the outer surface of the blades, thereby avoiding the characteristic that the heavy metals enter mesophyll cells to poison the plant; the collecting device collects the leacheate, and continuously extracts heavy metals from soil through a systematic process of 'absorption by the plant root system, transportation to the overground part, excretion by the blades, elution and collection by the blades', so that the aim of removing heavy metal pollutants in the soil is fulfilled.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to the invention, heavy metal-enriched plants with the leaf excretion function are planted on the heavy metal-contaminated soil, the base part of each heavy metal-enriched plant with the excretion function is provided with the leacheate collecting device, heavy metals excreted from leaves are eluted when the heavy metal-enriched plants rain or elute, and are recovered through the leacheate collecting device.
The heavy metal specifically refers to: cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, chromium, arsenic, zinc and other heavy metals.
The root system of the heavy metal enriched plant with the excretion function absorbs heavy metal pollutants in soil, the heavy metal pollutants are transported to the overground part of the blades through the root system through the conduit of the xylem, and then are excreted out through the water holes connected with the tail sheath of the conduit in the blades and distributed on the surfaces of the blades, and the heavy metal enriched plant is preferably tall fescue and/or meadow bluegrass.
The leacheate collecting device comprises: the method comprises the following steps: the plant washing liquid collecting disc is sleeved on the plant base, the washing liquid collecting opening is formed in the bottom of the collecting disc, and the washing liquid storage barrel is located below the washing liquid collecting opening.
The periphery of the leacheate collecting disc is at an inclination angle of 10-40 degrees, leacheate can be smoothly collected to the leacheate collecting opening at the bottom and flows into the leacheate storage barrel.
The middle of the leacheate collecting disc is provided with an opening which is matched with the size of the base of the plant after growing.
The leacheate collecting port is specifically arranged at the bottommost position of the horizontal position on one side of the bottom of the leacheate collecting disc, and the horizontal position of the leacheate collecting port is lower than the opening for plant growth in the middle of the collecting disc.
The outer diameter of the leacheate storage barrel is smaller than that of the leacheate collecting disc.
The leacheate storage barrel is a storage barrel with the upper part completely opened, and the collected leacheate can be evaporated through natural moisture to achieve the purpose of concentrating heavy metals in the leacheate.
Technical effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1) the trouble that a large amount of plant residues need to be treated is avoided, the secreted heavy metal pollutants are collected in the form of leacheate, and the heavy metal with higher concentration can be obtained only by evaporating water, so that the heavy metal is relatively simple to recover and treat, and the secondary pollution is not easy to generate.
2) Because the heavy metal is directly excreted from the water hole through the xylem conduit, the toxicity of the heavy metal to mesophyll cells is reduced, and the plant with the excretion function can tolerate the heavy metal pollution with higher concentration, so that the plant restoration technology can be applied to the soil restoration of the polluted source regions such as tailings polluted by the heavy metal with high concentration, chemical plant areas and the like.
3) Because heavy metal is continuously excreted from the leaves rather than being enriched in the plant body, the whole bioremediation process of 'plant root system absorption, overground part transportation and leaf excretion' does not have saturation phenomenon, and soil remediation can be continuously carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 plant leaf, 2 leacheate collecting discs, 3 leacheate collecting ports, 4 leacheate storing barrels, 5 plant root systems, and 6 heavy metal pollution in soil or water.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an eluate collection apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 2 an eluent collecting disc, 3 an eluent collecting port, 4 an eluent storing barrel, 7 a base opening for plant growth and 8 eluent in the eluent storing barrel.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a heavy metal leacheate collecting device which comprises: the leaching solution collecting disc 2 is sleeved on the plant base, the leaching solution collecting port 3 is arranged at the bottom of the collecting disc 2, and the leaching solution storage barrel 4 is positioned below the leaching solution collecting port 3.
The periphery of the leacheate collecting disc 2 is at an inclination angle of 10-40 degrees, and leacheate can be smoothly collected to the leacheate collecting port 3 at the bottom and flows into the leacheate storage barrel 4.
The leacheate collecting disc 2 is fixed at the base of the plant, so that the root system of the plant can grow out from the opening in the middle of the disc without being disturbed and can be rooted in the soil; the central opening of the leacheate collecting disc 2 is matched with the size of the base of the grown plant, and the stem leaves of the base of the plant can just completely block the central opening of the disc.
The leacheate collecting port 3 is specifically arranged at the bottommost position of the horizontal position of one side of the bottom of the leacheate collecting disc 2, and the horizontal position of the leacheate collecting port 3 is 5-50 mm lower than the opening for plant growth in the middle of the collecting disc 2, so that the leacheate is prevented from flowing back to soil again through the opening.
Heavy metal leacheate eluted from the blades flows down through the leacheate collecting port 3 and is buried in a leacheate storage barrel 4 on the ground below. The capacity of the leacheate storage barrel 4 is designed according to the overlarge storm runoff which is met once in 100 years, so that all collected rainwater can be stored sufficiently under the overlarge storm rain, and the phenomenon of outward overflow is avoided.
The outer diameter of the leacheate storage barrel 4 is smaller than the outer diameter of the leacheate collecting disc 2 by more than 50mm and is completely within the coverage protection range of the leacheate collecting disc 2, and therefore it is ensured that no rainwater directly falls into the leacheate storage barrel 4.
The leacheate storage barrel 4 is a storage barrel with the upper part completely opened, and the collected leacheate can be evaporated through natural moisture to realize the purpose of concentrating heavy metals in the leacheate.
When the concentrated heavy metal leacheate reaches a certain amount, the concentrated heavy metal leacheate is collected and then recycled.
Based on the method and the device, the heavy metal cadmium polluted soil is repaired by adopting festuca arundinacea secretion, and the specific process is as follows:
in soil with the cadmium concentration of 50mg/kg, tall fescue plants are transplanted and planted in 9 months, an eluent collecting device is sleeved at the base part of each tall fescue plant, the tall fescue plants penetrate through an opening in the middle of an eluent collecting disc, stem leaves are positioned above the eluent collecting disc, root systems are positioned below the eluent collecting disc, and the size of the base part of each tall fescue plant is matched with the size of the opening in the middle of the eluent collecting disc. The row spacing of tall fescue planted is 200mm multiplied by 300 mm. When plants grow, the root system can absorb heavy metal cadmium pollution from soil, and the heavy metal cadmium pollution is conveyed to leaves on the ground and is excreted to the surfaces of the leaves through water pores of the leaves. Through natural rainfall, cadmium pollution on the surfaces of the blades is leached, and the leaching solution is collected into a leaching solution storage barrel through a leaching solution collecting device. Through sampling and determination, each tall fescue can absorb 12.5mg of cadmium pollution from soil within 60 days, wherein 8.1mg of cadmium is transported to overground part of leaves, 2.4mg of cadmium pollution can be excreted to the surfaces of the leaves, and the cadmium pollution is collected into a leacheate storage barrel through leaching. The remediation efficiency of the cadmium pollution of the soil is higher.
Example 2
Based on the method and the device, the method adopts the extracrine remediation of the soil polluted by the heavy metal cadmium by the meadow bluegrass, and comprises the following specific processes:
in soil with the cadmium concentration of 50mg/kg, planting the grassland early maturing grass plants in 9 months, wherein an leacheate collecting device is sleeved at the base of each grassland early maturing grass plant, the grassland early maturing grass plants penetrate through an opening in the middle of a leacheate collecting disc, stem leaves are located above the leacheate collecting disc, root systems are located below the leacheate collecting disc, and the size of the base of each grassland early maturing grass plant is matched with the size of the opening in the middle of the leacheate collecting disc. The row spacing of the grass is 50mm multiplied by 150 mm. When plants grow, the root system can absorb heavy metal cadmium pollution from soil, and the heavy metal cadmium pollution is conveyed to leaves on the ground and is excreted to the surfaces of the leaves through water pores of the leaves. Through natural rainfall, cadmium pollution on the surfaces of the blades is leached, and the leaching solution is collected into a leaching solution storage barrel through a leaching solution collecting device. Through sampling and determination, 239.8mg of cadmium pollution can be absorbed from soil in 60 days per square meter of the meadow bluegrass, wherein 142.3mg of cadmium is transported to overground part leaves, 46.2mg of cadmium pollution can be excreted to the surfaces of the leaves, and the cadmium pollution is collected into a leacheate storage barrel through leaching, so that the expected repairing effect is achieved.
Example 3
Based on the method and the device, the heavy metal combined contaminated soil is repaired by adopting festuca arundinacea secretion, and the specific process is as follows:
the soil to be tested is heavy metal composite contaminated soil, wherein the lead contamination concentration is 257.5mg/kg, the cadmium contamination concentration is 34.0mg/kg, the copper contamination concentration is 1470.5mg/kg, the zinc contamination concentration is 1037.2mg/kg, tall fescue plants are transplanted in 9 months, an eluent collecting device is sleeved at the base of each tall fescue plant, the tall fescue plants penetrate through an opening in the middle of an eluent collecting disc, stem leaves are located above the eluent collecting disc, root systems are located below the eluent collecting disc, and the size of the base of each tall fescue plant is identical to that of the opening in the middle of the eluent collecting disc. The row spacing of tall fescue planted is 200mm multiplied by 300 mm. When plants grow, the root system can absorb various heavy metal pollutants from the soil, and the heavy metal pollutants are conveyed to the leaves on the ground and excreted to the surfaces of the leaves through water pores of the leaves. Through natural rainfall, cadmium pollution on the surfaces of the blades is leached, and the leaching solution is collected into a leaching solution storage barrel through a leaching solution collecting device. Through sampling and determination, each tall fescue can respectively absorb 74.5mg of lead pollution, 8.4mg of cadmium pollution, 637.5mg of copper pollution and 529mg of zinc pollution from soil within 60 days, wherein the lead pollution collected by the excretion and leaching of the leaves in the leacheate storage barrel is 7.2mg, the cadmium pollution is 1.8mg, the copper pollution is 142.5mg and the zinc pollution is 115.8mg, so that the expected effect of repairing the heavy metal polluted soil is achieved.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (7)
1. A heavy metal contaminated soil remediation method based on a leaf excretion mechanism is characterized in that heavy metal-enriched plants with a leaf excretion function are planted on heavy metal contaminated soil, an leacheate collecting device is arranged at the base of each heavy metal-enriched plant with the excretion function, heavy metals excreted from leaves are leached when raining or leaching, and are recovered through the leacheate collecting device;
the leaf excretion refers to: heavy metal absorbed by root systems is directly excreted out of water holes through a conduit of a xylem by adopting the blades of the festuca arundinacea and/or the meadow bluegrass and is spread outside cuticles of the outer skins of the blades;
the leacheate collecting device comprises: the method comprises the following steps: the plant washing liquid collecting disc is sleeved on the plant base, the washing liquid collecting port is arranged at the bottom of the collecting disc, and the washing liquid storing barrel is positioned below the washing liquid collecting port;
the heavy metal specifically refers to: cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, arsenic and zinc.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heavy metal-enriched plant with the excretion function absorbs the heavy metal pollutants in the soil from the root system, transports the heavy metal pollutants to the overground part of the blade through the xylem conduit, excretes from the water holes in the blade connected with the end sheath of the conduit, and distributes the heavy metal pollutants on the surface of the blade, and the heavy metal-enriched plant is festuca arundinacea and/or poa pratensis.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the periphery of the eluate collection disk is inclined at an angle of 10 to 40 °.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central opening of the drip collection disk is sized to match the size of the base of the growing plant.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leacheate collecting port is arranged at the lowest horizontal position on one side of the bottom of the leacheate collecting disc, and the horizontal position of the leacheate collecting port is lower than the opening for plant growth in the middle of the collecting disc.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the eluate storage barrel is less than the outer diameter of the eluate collection disk.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the storage barrel of the leacheate is a storage barrel with a completely opened upper part, and the collected leacheate can be evaporated by natural moisture to realize the purpose of concentrating heavy metals in the leacheate.
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| CN109156424B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2022-01-21 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for testing cadmium in black goat fed with ramie exceeding cadmium standard |
| CN109702009A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-05-03 | 安徽农业大学 | The application and method of a kind of Festuca Arundinacea in processing municipal sludge heavy metal pollution |
| CN111357578A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-03 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving germination and seedling success rate of arsenic hyper-enrichment plant ciliate desert-grass spores |
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| CN104871850A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-02 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving repairing efficiency of heavy metal polluted plants |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SK7096A3 (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1997-09-10 | Anton Myslik | Insulation of landfill with waste plastic consolidated layer of foilic character |
| CN1586748A (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2005-03-02 | 韩志萍 | Repairing wetland heavy metal pollution technology by Arundo donax Linn plant |
| CN103909091A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-09 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | Repairing method for heavy metal polluted soil |
| CN104871850A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-02 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving repairing efficiency of heavy metal polluted plants |
| CN204807548U (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-25 | 浙江农林大学 | Three -dimensional experiment detection device is restoreed to heavy metal contaminated soil plant |
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