CN107895131B - RFID label checking method in accordance with ISO15693 protocol - Google Patents
RFID label checking method in accordance with ISO15693 protocol Download PDFInfo
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- CN107895131B CN107895131B CN201711078730.3A CN201711078730A CN107895131B CN 107895131 B CN107895131 B CN 107895131B CN 201711078730 A CN201711078730 A CN 201711078730A CN 107895131 B CN107895131 B CN 107895131B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
- G06K7/10108—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. interrogating only those RFIDs that fulfill a predetermined requirement, e.g. selecting all RFIDs having the same speed and moving in a cloud like fashion, e.g. on the same train; interrogating only RFIDs having a certain predetermined temperature, e.g. in the same fridge, another possibility being the active ignoring of a group of tags that fulfill a predetermined requirement, equivalent to the Boolean NOT operation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10297—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092
Abstract
The invention discloses an RFID label checking method conforming to ISO15693 protocol, when an application scene is 1) a large number of labels exist, checking needs to be repeated frequently; 2) the number of label changes per inventory is only a small fraction of the large number of labels; 3) a certain requirement is imposed on the counting speed; the following method is adopted: s1, setting a memory, and establishing a data table in the memory for storing all the tags UID checked each time; s2, when checking each time, reading all the tags UID in the data table by the card reader for traversing, checking whether the tags in the data table have reduced parts, and setting the tags which still exist as a silent state; s3, continuously checking the possibly existing newly added tags by adopting the existing search algorithm; and S4, updating the data table in the memory according to the checking result. The invention can greatly improve the speed of repeated inventory and can be well applied to occasions such as intelligent bookshelves in libraries, self-help borrowing and returning equipment of books and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of RFID (radio frequency identification) tag identification, in particular to an RFID tag checking method conforming to an ISO15693 protocol.
Background
In the field of RFID tag identification, certain applications require a large number of tags to be identified quickly, and a major bottleneck affecting the speed of identification is the solution of the so-called collision avoidance problem.
When the rfid system is operating, it cannot be excluded that more than one tag may be in the range of the reader at the same time. Generally, all tags in the same system use the same operating frequency, so that there is a problem of collision during transmission. When a plurality of tags send their own stored information to the reader at the same time, the information is lost, which is a so-called collision problem.
There are several methods for solving the collision problem, and the general radio technology methods include: space division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, code multiplexing, and time division multiplexing. In the field of RFID tag identification, time division multiplexing is generally used based on the consideration of hardware complexity and cost.
An anti-collision algorithm based on the ISO15693 protocol is introduced as follows:
the main specifications of the ISO1593 protocol:
1. the transmission data from the tags to the card reader adopts Manchester coding, the negative jump of the Manchester coding in a half bit period is 1, and the positive jump is 0, and the data collision of a plurality of tags can be identified by the card reader by adopting the coding mode.
2. A Unique identification number (UID), or a Unique serial number and a Unique card number. The card reader identifies the tag by a 64-bit unique card number. This is a precondition for the collision avoidance process.
3. All tags that satisfy the protocol support two types of mandatory instructions: an Inventory instruction and a Stay Quiet instruction. The Inventory instruction (Inventory instruction) refers to: checking whether an electronic tag conforming to the protocol exists in the effective range; a Stay Quiet instruction means that a tag receiving this instruction no longer responds to an inventory instruction (unless powered off or re-entered out of range of the reader).
Anti-collision procedure of ISO1593 protocol:
the whole anti-collision process is the process that the card reader modifies the MASK value (MASK value), the MASK length (MASK length) and then resends the inventory command.
For convenience of description, the inventory command parameters are set as follows: the Slot (i.e. the number of time slots) is 0, the MASK length (i.e. the MASK length) is n (the value range is 0-64), and the MASK value (MASK value) is 0-64-bit binary number K. If n is 0, all tags that receive an inventory instruction will respond (except for tags that are in a silent state). If n is not 0, all tags receiving the inventory instruction will compare the lowest n bits of their card number to the mask value K. Only the tags with the lowest n bits of the card number identical to K respond (except for the tags in the silent state), and the other tags do not respond.
The card reader carries out corresponding processing according to the response result, namely: if data collision is detected, a plurality of tags are indicated to respond simultaneously, the mask length and the mask value need to be modified (usually, the mask length is increased), and the checking instruction is sent again to continue checking; if a correct response signal is received, which indicates that there is only one tag response, the card reader can record the UID of the tag, send a silent instruction to set the UID in a silent state, modify the mask length and the mask value (usually increase the mask length), and resend the inventory instruction to continue inventory; if no response is found within a certain time, indicating that no tag meets the response condition, if the current mask length is 0, the card reader should finish the inventory, otherwise, the mask length and the mask value are modified (usually, the mask length is reduced), and the inventory command is sent again to continue the inventory.
In order to improve the checking efficiency, people think of various search algorithms, and aim to pertinently and dynamically adjust the mask length and the mask value and reduce the times of sending checking instructions by a card reader as much as possible.
Push-pull binary search algorithm based on ISO1593 protocol1For example, the number of times of sending the inventory command per inventory is related to the number of tags and the card number of each tag, and without a simple formula, it can be determined that the larger the number of tags, the more times of searching, and the more time is consumed, and the time consumption does not increase linearly with the number, but increases exponentially. For example, under the same algorithm, the collision-proof reading time of 1000 tags is not 10 times that of 100 tags, and is usually much greater than 10 times.
Other algorithms have similar features.
Therefore, when the number of tags is larger, the more times of searching are needed for one inventory, and the longer the time is consumed.
Reference 1: zhao Ling Jun, Zhou Qiao Ying, anti-collision algorithm based on ISO1593 protocol and its implementation, journal, microcomputer information, 24 th volume, 9 nd-2 nd phase in 2008.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventor finds that in the applications of intelligent bookshelves in libraries, self-help borrowing and returning equipment of books and the like, each book is provided with a corresponding label, and the application scenes show the following characteristics:
1) a large number of tags exist, and the inventory needs to be repeated frequently;
2) only a small part of the inventory labels change each time;
3) there is a certain requirement on the speed of inventory.
The inventors want to devise some algorithm to meet the inventory speed requirement but are stranded. Because, regardless of the algorithm, when the number of tags is larger, the more searches are needed for one inventory, the longer it takes.
In combination with the above background art, the inventor further explores that the internal root cause of "when the number of tags is large, checking once requires multiple searches and takes a long time" is: it is directed to multiple ambiguous tags. The nature and number of the indeterminate number of tags determines the goodness of an algorithm. The larger the number of indeterminate tags results in a longer time for final inventorying.
The invention is produced by discovering the essential reasons and the characteristics of application scenes such as intelligent bookshelves in libraries, self-help borrowing and returning equipment of books and the like.
The invention aims to provide an RFID tag inventory method based on an ISO1593 protocol, which can improve the inventory speed.
The adopted technical scheme is as follows:
an RFID label checking method conforming to ISO15693 protocol is disclosed, when an application scene presents the following characteristics:
1) a large number of tags exist, and the inventory needs to be repeated frequently;
2) the number of label changes per inventory is only a small fraction of the large number of labels;
3) a certain requirement is imposed on the counting speed;
the following inventory method is adopted:
s1, setting a memory, and establishing a data table in the memory for storing unique serial numbers of all labels checked each time;
s2, when checking each time, reading the unique serial numbers of all the labels in the data table by the card reader for traversing, checking whether the labels in the data table have reduced parts, and setting the labels still existing in a silent state;
s3, continuously checking the possibly existing newly added tags by adopting a search algorithm in the prior art;
and S4, updating the data table in the memory according to the checking result.
Further, the unique serial numbers and the total number of the tags of all the tags are recorded one by one in the data table of S1; and S4, updating the unique serial numbers and the total number of the labels of all the labels after the inventory on the recording table to form a new data table.
Further, the step of traversing in S2 is as follows:
s21, reading the total number of the tags in the data table, and recording the total number as M; setting a counter N and setting the initial value of the counter N to be 0;
s22, if N is equal to M, ending the traversal process; otherwise, reading the unique serial number of the Nth label in the data table, and marking as UIDn;
s23, the card reader sends an Inventory instruction specified by an ISO15693 protocol, the Slot of the parameter is 1, the MASK length of the parameter is 64, and the MASK value of the parameter is UIDn read in the step S22; if the card reader receives a correct response signal of the tag, the tag is judged to be still in the induction area, the card reader sends a Stay Quiet instruction specified by an ISO15693 protocol, the UID is UIDn, and the tag is enabled to store a silent state; otherwise, judging that the label leaves the sensing area;
s24, adding 1 to the counter N, and jumping back to the step S22 to continue the traversal process.
Further, in a feature of the application scenario, the large number of tags is at least 50 tags.
Further, in the feature of the application scenario, the number of tag changes per inventory is 20% or less of the large number of tags.
Further, the memory is a RAM, an EEPROM or a FLASH FLASH memory.
Further, the memory is integrated on the card reader.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
because the number of label changes per inventory is only a small fraction of the large number of labels; that is, most tags are invariant; the invention is provided with the memory for storing UIDs of all labels, so that a card reader can quickly read most labels according to the UIDs in the memory; if a small part of the tags are added, the tags can be quickly read by a search algorithm in the prior art. A prior art search algorithm such as a binary search algorithm based on bits is sufficient.
Therefore, the invention can rapidly count all tags repeatedly (for example, once every minute), and can be well applied to scenes such as intelligent bookshelves in libraries, self-help borrowing and returning equipment of books and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a card reader;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an RFID tag inventory method in accordance with ISO 15693;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a reader traversing inventory.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A self-help book borrowing and returning device is provided, 100 books are arranged in the device, and each book is provided with a corresponding label.
The book self-help borrowing and returning equipment is provided with a card reader, as shown in figure 1, the card reader is provided with a RAM (or an EEPROM or a FLASH FLASH memory), a Microcontroller (MCU) and a radio frequency circuit, and the RAM, the Microcontroller (MCU) and the radio frequency circuit are integrated on the card reader; the radio frequency range of the card reader can cover all tags in the book self-help borrowing and returning equipment.
During the use process of the book self-help borrowing and returning device, although the position of each book is frequently changed, so that the labels on the books are frequently changed, the book self-help borrowing and returning device has the following characteristics:
1) a large number of tags exist, and the inventory needs to be repeated frequently;
2) the number of label changes per inventory is only a small fraction of the large number of labels;
3) there is a certain requirement for the counting speed, for example, the counting is finished within 5S.
The following RFID tag inventory method conforming to ISO15693 protocol is adopted: as shown with reference to figure 2 of the drawings,
s1, a memory is arranged, and a data table is established in the memory and used for storing the unique serial numbers UID and the total number of the labels of all labels checked each time.
When the data table is established for the first time, UIDs of all labels can be recorded in advance through software; it is also possible to count all tags by an existing algorithm, such as a binary search algorithm, and then save the UIDs and tag totals for all tags. The first step of building a data table holding the unique serial numbers UID of all tags and the total number of tags, either by means of a pre-software entry or by means of prior art algorithms, is generally performed only once and is the most primitive first time. The next time the inventory is made, the updated data table that has already been made is used.
S2, when checking each time, reading the unique serial numbers of all the labels in the data table by the card reader for traversing, checking whether the labels in the data table have reduced parts, and setting the labels still existing in a silent state;
when checking each time, the card reader reads UIDs of all labels in the memory to traverse the checking; the step of traversing inventory is based on ISO1593 protocol RFID tag traversing inventory, and the step of traversing inventory includes the following steps S21-S24, which can be seen in combination with FIG. 3:
s21, reading the total number of the tags in the data table, and recording the total number as M; setting a counter N and setting the initial value of the counter N to be 0;
s22, if N is equal to M, ending the traversal process; otherwise, reading the unique serial number of the Nth label in the data table, and marking as UIDn;
s23, the card reader sends an Inventory instruction specified by an ISO15693 protocol, a parameter Slot is 1, a parameter MASK length is 64, and a parameter MASK value is UIDn read in the step S22; if the card reader receives a correct response signal of the tag, the tag is judged to be still in the induction area, the card reader sends a Stay Quiet instruction specified by an ISO15693 protocol, the UID is UIDn, and the tag is enabled to store a silent state; otherwise, judging that the label leaves the sensing area;
s24, adding 1 to the counter N, and jumping back to the step S22 to continue the traversal process.
And S3, continuously checking the possible newly added labels by adopting a search algorithm in the prior art.
And S4, updating the data table in the memory according to the checking result. And updating UIDs and total numbers of the tags of all the tags after the inventory is recorded on the updated data table. For example, in this embodiment, the book self-help borrowing and returning device finds that 5 tags (corresponding to 5 books) are less than the original record in the data table in the current inventory, and 3 tags (corresponding to 3 books) are added; the total number of tags is then saved on the updated record table as well as the UIDs for the 98 tags.
The next time the count is made, the above steps S2-S4 are performed on the data table updated each time.
The speed of each inventory can be completed within 5S.
Example 2
Referring to example 1, unlike example 1, in which 200 books were loaded in the book self-help borrowing and returning apparatus, it was found that the speed per inventory can be completed within 5S as long as the number of the tags changed per inventory is 20% or less of the number of the tags (200 in this example).
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An RFID label checking method in compliance with ISO15693 protocol is characterized in that when an application scene presents the following characteristics:
1) a large number of tags exist, and the inventory needs to be repeated frequently;
2) the number of label changes per inventory is only a small fraction of the large number of labels;
3) a certain requirement is imposed on the counting speed;
the following inventory method is adopted:
s1, setting a memory, and establishing a data table in the memory for storing unique serial numbers of all labels checked each time; recording the unique serial numbers and the total number of the labels of all the labels one by one in a data table;
s2, when checking each time, reading the unique serial numbers of all the labels in the data table by the card reader for traversing, checking whether the labels in the data table have reduced parts, and setting the labels still existing in a silent state; the steps of traversal are as follows:
s21, reading the total number of the tags in the data table, and recording the total number as M; setting a counter N and setting the initial value of the counter N to be 0;
s22, if N is equal to M, ending the traversal process; otherwise, reading the unique serial number of the Nth label in the data table, and marking as UIDn;
s23, the card reader sends an Inventory instruction specified by an ISO15693 protocol, the Slot of the parameter is 1, the MASK length of the parameter is 64, and the MASK value of the parameter is UIDn read in the step S22; if the card reader receives a correct response signal of the tag, the tag is judged to be still in the induction area, the card reader sends a StayQuiet instruction specified by an ISO15693 protocol, the parameter UID is UIDn, and the tag is enabled to store a silent state; otherwise, judging that the label leaves the sensing area;
s24, adding 1 to the counter N, and returning to the step S22 to continue traversing the process;
s3, continuously checking the possibly existing newly added tags by adopting a search algorithm in the prior art;
and S4, updating the data table in the memory according to the inventory result, and updating the unique serial numbers and the total number of the labels of all the inventoried labels on the record table to form a new data table.
2. The ISO15693 protocol-compliant RFID tag inventory method of claim 1, wherein the large number of tags is at least 50 tags in a characteristic of an application scenario.
3. The ISO15693 protocol-compliant RFID tag inventory method of claim 2, wherein the number of tag changes per inventory is 20% or less of a large number of tags in a feature of an application scenario.
4. The ISO15693 protocol-compliant RFID tag inventory method as recited in claim 1, wherein the memory is RAM, EEPROM or FLASH memory.
5. The ISO15693 protocol-compliant RFID tag inventory method of claim 4, wherein the memory is integrated on a card reader.
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| CN109002743B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2022-01-25 | 深圳市成为信息技术有限公司 | Anti-collision method for label checking and reader-writer |
| CN109512158B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-02-26 | 威海北洋光电信息技术股份公司 | RFID intelligent storage cabinet and application thereof |
| CN113792833A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-14 | 厦门印天电子科技有限公司 | Impedance self-adjusting ISO15693 label reading-writing device and adjusting method thereof |
| CN113988100B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-09-22 | 厦门印天电子科技有限公司 | Layer frame positioning device and method for high-frequency RFID book label |
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