CN1078946C - 液体转移方法和设备 - Google Patents

液体转移方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1078946C
CN1078946C CN93103344A CN93103344A CN1078946C CN 1078946 C CN1078946 C CN 1078946C CN 93103344 A CN93103344 A CN 93103344A CN 93103344 A CN93103344 A CN 93103344A CN 1078946 C CN1078946 C CN 1078946C
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B·达列迪奥
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Abstract

将少量提升气流注入膨胀阀(7、10、13)下游的液体提升管(6、9、11、12)，该办法可应用于空气的填充型双馏塔。

Description

液体转移方法和设备
本发明涉及经过带膨胀阀的提升管将液体从第一压力(一般较高)下操作的第二蒸馏塔转移到低于第一压力的第二压力(一般较低)下操作的装置，尤其是第二蒸馏塔的方法。
这特别适宜于将液体从双层空气蒸馏塔的中压塔提升到该双塔中中压塔顶上的低压塔和/或与低压塔相连的氧/氩分离塔的顶部冷凝器的操作。
低温蒸馏而进行空气分离的设备最常用常见的双塔装置。在中压塔(或MP塔)底部(富氧液)，中部(贫液)和顶部(液氮)产生的液体送到低压塔(或LP塔)中部或顶部。从经济角度考虑，最常见的是将低压塔置于中压塔上，因此必须将液体从低处移送到高处。一般来说，中压塔和低压塔间的压差大于MP塔出口点和LP塔入口点间的液体柱静压。
最近开发的空气蒸馏塔技术一方面看到了低压降填充塔的表面，另一方面也看到了从换热关系看两流体(气氮和液氧)间温差小的蒸发器/冷凝器表面现象。这两方面的改进均可降低中压塔的操作压力，从而降低能耗并提高塔高度，经济上的优化是在更持久的蒸馏方向上。
另一方面，这种改变的不利后果是难于经简单静压效果提升液体，因此在某些条件下MP塔中可应用的压力不足以将液体提升到LP塔，尤其是在设备必须在减压下操作，即MP塔压力低于常规操作压力时是如此。
现有技术中可用泵将液升到足够压力而解决这一问题，其缺点是很显然的：耗能多，投资大，设备稳定性差和操作复杂等。
本发明目的就是提出不用泵即可进行液体转移的简单而有效方法。
因此本发明方法特点是向膨胀阀下游的提升管中注入提升气(即利用其气泡降低液体总体密度的气体)，其压力高于气体注入点和所说设备的液体入口之间的液柱达到的压力。
本发明其它特征：
提升气压为所说第一蒸馏塔压力，在移出液体位置以上注入提升柱内液体中；
应用从第一塔中取出并加以选择以使转移液体组成基本上不改变的气体作为提升气；
在将液体从空气双蒸馏塔的中压塔底移到双塔中该中压塔上的低压塔中部和/或移到与低压塔相连的氧/氩分离塔的塔顶冷凝器时应用少量送入的空气流作提升气。
本发明第二方面目的是用装有膨胀阀的提升管进行液体转移的方法，其中将液体从第一压力下操作的第一蒸馏塔移到在低于第一压力的第二压力下操作的装置，尤其是第二蒸馏塔，其特征在于除了液体中的少部分外，该液体在其膨胀前进行过冷却以产生可控量的作为液体提升气的闪蒸气。
本发明另一目的是提出宜于进行该方法的蒸馏设备，其第一方面的设备包括在第一压力下操作的第一蒸馏塔，在低于第一压力的第二压力下操作的第二装置，尤其是第二蒸馏塔以及装有膨胀阀并将第一塔的液体出口与所说第二装置的液体入口连接起来的提升管，其特征在于其中包括设在膨胀阀下游的提升管中的提升气注射装置，提升气压力高于气体注入点和所说第二装置的液体入口之间的所说液柱产生的压力。
本发明第二方面的设备包括在相当高压力下操作的蒸馏塔，在相当低压力下操作的第二装置，尤其是第二蒸馏塔以及装有膨胀阀并将第一塔的液体出口与所说第二装置的液体入口连接起来的提升管，其特征在于提升管经过膨胀阀上游的过冷器并且围绕该过冷器设有支管。
以下参考附图说明本发明操作例。
图1示出了本发明空气蒸馏设备。
图2和3示出了本发明的两种改进方案。
图1的空气蒸馏设备基本上由双蒸馏塔1构成，其中包括中压塔2及其上的低压塔3，蒸发器/冷凝器4经过换热在塔2顶放出由基本上纯氮组成的蒸气并在塔3底放出由一定纯度氧组成的液体。
操作中将压力常为5×105至6×105Pa的空气经供气管5引入塔2。“富液”(富氧空气)经装有膨胀阀7的管6从塔2底取出并在膨胀阀上游的过冷器8中冷却后在膨胀阀中膨胀至稍高于大气压的压力，再引入LP塔3的中部。在过冷器8和膨胀阀7之间设有装有膨胀阀10的提升管9，该管延至以已知方式与LP塔3相连的氧/氩分离塔(未示出)顶的冷凝器。
“贫液”(不纯氮)经装有膨胀阀(未示出)的管11从塔2中部取出并在过冷和膨胀后引入塔3中点。基本上纯液氮经装有膨胀阀13的管12从塔3顶部取出，在膨胀阀上游的过冷器14中过冷后在该膨胀阀中膨胀并引入塔3顶部。
图1还示出了从塔3底进行气态氧生产的管道15，在该塔3顶部进行纯氮生产的管道16，将空气引入塔3中部的管道17以及从该塔上部取出残余气体(不纯氮)的管道18。
可以看出，3种不同的液体必须从低塔2升到高塔3并且液体必须升到氧/氩分离塔顶部。若这些塔为填充塔，尤其是具有规定结构和/或具有多块理论板和/或在蒸发器/冷凝器4为低温差类型时，则两塔2和3间的压差几乎不能保证液体提升。
为保证良好提升液体，并且采取有规律的可控方式以及设备的所有操作方式，则空气管19可从供气管5分支出来并分成两支20和21。这些分支的每一支均设有膨胀阀22和23并且分别联入其膨胀阀7和10下游的管6和9。同样，装有膨胀阀25的供气管24离开塔2顶部并在膨胀阀13下游联入管12。装有膨胀阀(未示出)的另一供气管26在邻近贫液出口(管11)的位置离开塔2并在该管的膨胀阀下游并入管11。
操作时经管19和20以塔2供气压送入的少量空气流在膨胀阀22中膨胀后注入已在膨胀阀7中膨胀的富液中。空气气泡将富液提升起来并降低使其上升到塔2所必须的压力。
同样，经管19和21输送的少量空气流在膨胀阀23中膨胀后注入已在膨胀阀10中膨胀的富液中。管19分出的总空气流量小，一般小于进入设备的空气流量的1％。
类似情况是经管24输送的基本上纯氮在膨胀阀25中膨胀后注入已在膨胀阀13中膨胀的液氮中，而由管26送入的不纯氮膨胀后注入管11输送并膨胀的贫液中。
应注意到，由于管12输送的液氮的纯度，相应的提升气(管24中)应为基本上纯氮。另一方面，富液和贫液的组成并不关键，由于提升气流量很小，所以只要不污染这些液体，则相应的提升气组成可在一定程度上不同于这些液体。
事实上，主要的膨胀阀7，10和13位置尽可能低以保证其完全由液体填入，并且在这些膨胀阀下游送入气泡以将所说液体向上推进。更具体地讲，提升气的压力应足以克服气体注入点以上的液体高度，并且如实施例所示其压力的确定应考虑到达到塔3压力的每一气体在联合液体出口以上注入。
图2和图3示出了在经管12提升液氮时获得提升气的两种改进，其中省去了管24及膨胀阀25。
在图2改进中管12输送的少量可控液氮流经支管24A旁通过冷器14，支管中优选在其最低点装有膨胀阀25A并在膨胀阀13上有开口。
这样得到的未过冷液膨胀时产生可作为提升气的相当大并可调量闪蒸气。
在图3改进中省去了膨胀阀25A，管12中设有三通阀27，其入口在过冷器14上游与管12连接，出口与该过冷器入口相连，而另一出口与旁通管24A相连，而且该管24A在膨胀阀13上游开口。
因此，少量可控液氮流不过冷，从而在膨胀阀13内膨胀的期间产生可调节量闪蒸气作为提升气。
当然，图2和3改进同样适于提升其它液体。
应注意到，图2和3改进尽管基于与图1相同的概念，但在一定意义上不那么有效，其中可将闪蒸气产量降到最小量而提升上升的液体，产生的蒸气不利于蒸馏，但在上升管偶尔溢流时不能使设备再开动。

Claims (10)

1.用装有膨胀阀(7，10，13)的提升管(6，9，11，12)将第一工作压力的第一蒸馏塔(2)中的液体传送到第二工作压力的第二装置(3)中，特别是传送到第二工作压力的第二蒸馏塔中的方法，所述第二工作压力低于第一工作压力，其特征在于，在膨胀阀下游向提升管中注入提升气，注入的提升气的压力大于提升管上的气体注入口和所说第二装置(3)的液体入口间的液柱压力。
2.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于提升气压力为所说第一蒸馏塔(2)的压力，在液体出口以上注入提升管的液体中。
3.权利要求2的方法，其特征在于用从第一塔(2)中取出并且加以选择而使其基本上不致于改变被转移液体组成的气体作为提升气。
4.权利要求2的方法，用于将液体从空气双蒸馏塔(1)的中压塔(2)的底部转移到该中压塔上的低压塔(3)中部和/或转移到与低压塔(3)相连的氧/氩塔顶部冷凝器，其特征在于应用送入双塔(1)的少量原料空气流作为提升气。
5.用装有膨胀阀(7，10，13)的提升管(6，9，11，12)将第一工作压力的第一蒸馏塔(2)中的液体传送到第二工作压力的第二装置(3)，特别是传送到第二工作压力的第二蒸馏塔中的方法，所述第二工作压力低于第一工作压力，其特征在于，除少量液体外该液体在其膨胀前过冷，从而产生可控量可作为该液体的提升气的闪蒸气。
6.蒸馏设备，其中包括第一工作压力的第一蒸馏塔(2)，第二工作压力的第二装置(3)、特别是第二工作压力的第二蒸馏塔，以及装有膨胀阀(7，10，13)并将第一塔(2)的液体出口与位于该出口以上的第二装置(3)的液体入口相连的提升管(6，9，11，12)，其中所述第二工作压力低于第一工作压力，其特征在于，它还包括在膨胀阀下游向提升管中注入压力高于提升管上的该气体注入点和第二装置液体入口间的液柱产生的压力的提升气的注射装置(19至26)。
7.权利要求6的设备，其特征在于提升气从第一塔(2)或在其入口取出，并且所说注入装置(19至26)在提升管起点以上的位置开口连入提升管(6，9，11，12)。
8.权利要求7的设备，其特征在于所说注入装置包括设有膨胀阀(25)并从邻近所说液体出口的第一塔(2)中的位置开始的输气管(11，24)。
9.权利要求7的设备，其中第一塔(2)为空气双蒸馏塔(1)的中压塔(2)，所说第二装置为双塔中该中压塔以上的低压塔(3)和/或与低压塔(3)相连的氧/氩分离塔顶的冷凝器，其特征在于该注入装置包括装有膨胀阀(22，23)并从被蒸馏空气入口管(5)或从中压塔(2)底开始的管(19至21)。
10.蒸馏设备，其中包括在较高压力下操作的第一蒸馏塔(2)，在较低压力下操作的第二装置(3)、尤其是第二蒸馏塔，以及装有膨胀阀(7，10，13)并将第一塔(2)的液体的出口与第二装置(3)的液体入口连接起来的提升管(6，9，11，12)，其特征在于提升管(6，12)经过膨胀阀(7，13)上游的过冷器(8，14)，并且绕过冷器设有旁通管(24A)。
CN93103344A 1992-03-24 1993-03-23 液体转移方法和设备 Expired - Lifetime CN1078946C (zh)

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US5337569A (en) 1994-08-16
FR2689223A1 (fr) 1993-10-01
CN1076775A (zh) 1993-09-29
FR2689223B1 (fr) 1994-05-06
DE69302619T2 (de) 1996-09-26
ES2086895T5 (es) 2002-12-16
CA2092139A1 (fr) 1993-09-25
CA2092139C (fr) 2004-05-04
EP0567360B2 (fr) 2002-06-12
JPH0618162A (ja) 1994-01-25
ES2086895T3 (es) 1996-07-01
EP0567360B1 (fr) 1996-05-15

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