CN107894498B - Soil physical chemistry evolution analysis method based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing - Google Patents
Soil physical chemistry evolution analysis method based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of soil physical chemistry evolution analysis method based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing, the described method includes: choosing the different soil of at least two quality carries out the experiment of the rainfall simulation under constant raininess, loss of soil nutrient feature under constant raininess is obtained；The rainfall simulation experiment that the different soil of at least two quality is changed under raininess is chosen, loss of soil nutrient feature under variation raininess is obtained；The different soil of at least two quality is chosen, adds the organic fertilizer of different gradients respectively, rainfall simulation experiment is carried out, obtains different organic matter contents in soil erosion process to soil physical chemistry feature；Soil physical chemistry feature analyzes test result using statistical analysis technique to obtain soil physical chemistry Evolution Characteristics in soil erosion process in conjunction with loss of soil nutrient feature under loss of soil nutrient feature, variation raininess under constant raininess and different organic matter contents.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil erosion study technical fields, particularly relate to a kind of based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil
The soil physical chemistry evolution analysis method of test.
Background technique
In recent years, soil is important one of the environmental element of epigeosphere, it is both the output source and ring of surrounding material
The received vector of border substance plays a crucial role in ground surface environment evolutionary process.The soil erosion is that moderns are worked as in limitation
The global environmental hazard of the class survival and development, seriously restricts world sustained economic development.Global soil erosion area
About 16.43 × 106km2, the 10.95% of the land occupation table gross area.It is estimated that China because caused by the soil erosion economic loss it is annual
At 10,000,000,000 yuan or more.Therefore, the soil erosion is prevented and treated, improves the ecological environment, realize man and nature coordination and resource-environment-society
Sustainable economic development, it has also become the great environmental problem of whole world common concern.
The runoff of rainfall and its generation is the major impetus for causing the soil erosion, with the progress of rainfall, surface soil
Water characteristic, rainwash situation etc. all constantly change, and slope soil erosion is then correspondingly with erosion dynamic and anti-erosion
The variation of property feature and respond.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of soil based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing
Physical and chemical evolution analysis method can fast and accurately analyze soil physical chemistry differentiation.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides one kind based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil survey
The soil physical chemistry evolution analysis method of examination, which comprises
It chooses the rainfall simulation that the different soil of at least two quality carries out under constant raininess to test, obtain under constant raininess
Loss of soil nutrient feature；
The rainfall simulation experiment that the different soil of at least two quality is changed under raininess is chosen, is obtained under variation raininess
Loss of soil nutrient feature；
The different soil of at least two quality is chosen, adds the organic fertilizer of different gradients respectively, carries out rainfall simulation experiment,
Obtain soil physical chemistry feature of the different organic matter contents in soil erosion process；
In conjunction with loss of soil nutrient feature and different organic matters under loss of soil nutrient feature, variation raininess under constant raininess
Soil physical chemistry feature of the content in soil erosion process, analyzes test result using statistical analysis technique to obtain soil
Physical and chemical Evolution Characteristics.
Preferably, loss of soil nutrient feature under the constant raininess, comprising: the soil nutrient under constant raininess is with runoff
Loss feature and soil nutrient with silt loss feature.
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing carries out the experiment of the rainfall simulation under constant raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to constant raininess, comprising:
First raininess, the second raininess, first gradient and second gradient are set, by the different soil of at least two quality
It is respectively placed under different raininess and the gradient and carries out test analysis；
Obtain under two kinds of raininess under the conditions of different gradient total nitrogen content in the runoff water of the different soil of at least two quality
Total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in changing condition, runoff water, total phosphorus stream in total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff water in runoff water
Vector changing condition, total nitrogen content changing condition in the runoff water, total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in runoff water, in runoff water
Total phosphorus number of dropouts changing condition is loss feature of the soil nutrient with runoff in total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff water；
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing carries out the experiment of the rainfall simulation under constant raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to constant raininess, comprising:
First raininess, the second raininess, first gradient and second gradient are set, by the different soil of at least two quality
It is respectively placed under different raininess and the gradient and carries out test analysis；
Obtain under two kinds of raininess that total nitrogen contains in the runoff and sediment of the different soil of at least two quality under the conditions of different gradient
Measure changing condition, total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in runoff and sediment, total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff and sediment in runoff and sediment
Middle total phosphorus number of dropouts changing condition, total nitrogen content changing condition in the runoff and sediment, total nitrogen number of dropouts variation in runoff and sediment
In situation, runoff and sediment in total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff and sediment total phosphorus number of dropouts changing condition be the soil nutrient with
The loss feature of silt.
Preferably, loss of soil nutrient feature under the variation raininess, comprising: soil nutrient in the runoff under variation raininess
It is lost feature and upper soll layer nutrient dynamics is lost feature.
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing is changed the experiment of the rainfall simulation under raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to variation raininess, comprising:
It, will using lasting variation raininess and the first variation raininess, the second variation raininess, first gradient and second gradient being arranged
The different soil of at least two quality is respectively placed under the different gradient and variation raininess and carries out test analysis；
It obtains total in total nitrogen discharge feature and runoff in the different soil runoff of at least two quality under the conditions of different raininess
Phosphorus loss feature, total phosphorus loss feature is the diameter under the variation raininess in total nitrogen discharge feature and runoff in the soil runoff
Loss of soil nutrient feature in stream.
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing is changed the experiment of the rainfall simulation under raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to variation raininess, comprising:
It, will using lasting variation raininess and the first variation raininess, the second variation raininess, first gradient and second gradient being arranged
The different soil of at least two quality is respectively placed under the different gradient and variation raininess and carries out test analysis；
It obtains the different upper soll layer total nitrogen dynamic of at least two quality under the conditions of different raininess and is lost feature, upper soll layer
Total phosphorus dynamic is lost feature and soil surface organic matter dynamic is lost feature, and the upper soll layer total nitrogen dynamic is lost feature, soil
Earth surface layer total phosphorus dynamic is lost feature and soil surface organic matter dynamic is lost feature for upper soll layer nutrient dynamics loss
Feature.
Preferably, soil physical chemistry feature of the different organic matter contents in soil erosion process, comprising: low organic matter
The dynamic change characterization of upper soll layer total nitrogen content and the dynamic change characterization of high organic-matter soil surface layer total nitrogen content.
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing is changed the experiment of the rainfall simulation under raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to variation raininess, comprising:
The different soil of at least two quality includes low organic matter contents soils and high organic content soil；
Obtain the dynamic change situation of the gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil of low organic matter contents soils raininess under the conditions of different raininess
With the dynamic change situation of the raininess gradually full nitrogen of small topsoil, the low organic matter contents soils raininess gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil
Dynamic change situation and raininess gradually the full nitrogen of small topsoil dynamic change situation be the low full nitrogen in organic soil surface layer
The dynamic change characterization of amount；
Obtain the dynamic change situation of the gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil of high organic content soil raininess under the conditions of different raininess
With the dynamic change situation of the raininess gradually full nitrogen of small topsoil, the high organic content soil raininess gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil
Dynamic change situation and raininess gradually the full nitrogen of small topsoil dynamic change situation be the full nitrogen in high organic-matter soil surface layer
The dynamic change characterization of amount.
Preferably, three kinds of raininess of the rainfall simulation experimental setup.
The advantageous effects of the above technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
In above scheme, by obtaining loss of soil nutrient under loss of soil nutrient feature under constant raininess, variation raininess
The soil physical chemistry feature of feature and different organic matter contents in soil erosion process, can quick and precisely obtain soil physical chemistry and drill
Become feature.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the soil physical chemistry evolution analysis side based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing of the embodiment of the present invention
Method flow chart；
Fig. 2 a is that total nitrogen content becomes schematic diagram in runoff water under 60mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Fig. 2 b is that total nitrogen content changes schematic diagram in runoff water under 120mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Fig. 3 is that total nitrogen number of dropouts changes schematic diagram in runoff water under 60mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Fig. 4 is that total nitrogen number of dropouts changes schematic diagram in runoff water under 120mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Fig. 5 is that total phosphorus content changes schematic diagram in runoff water under 60mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Fig. 6 is that total phosphorus content changes schematic diagram in runoff water under 120mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Fig. 7 is that total phosphorus number of dropouts changes schematic diagram in runoff water under 60mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Fig. 8 is that total phosphorus is lost quantitative change schematic diagram in runoff water under 120mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Fig. 9 is that total nitrogen number of dropouts changes schematic diagram in silt under 60mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Figure 10 is that total nitrogen number of dropouts changes schematic diagram in silt under 120mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Figure 11 is quick-acting phosphorus loss quantitative change schematic diagrames in silt under 60mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Figure 12 is quick-acting phosphorus loss quantitative change schematic diagrames in silt under 120mm of embodiment of the present invention h-1 raininess；
Figure 13 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 native total nitrogen concentration to runoff rainfall dynamic change schematic diagram；
Figure 14 is for the embodiment of the present invention 2 native total nitrogen concentrations to runoff with rainfall dynamic change schematic diagram；
Figure 15 is for No. 1 soil total phosphorus concentration of the embodiment of the present invention to runoff with rainfall dynamic change schematic diagram；
Figure 16 is for No. 2 soil total phosphorus concentrations of the embodiment of the present invention to runoff with rainfall dynamic change schematic diagram；
Figure 17 is the dynamic change schematic diagram of L-CK of the embodiment of the present invention raininess gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil；
Figure 18 is the dynamic change schematic diagram of L-CK of the embodiment of the present invention raininess gradually full nitrogen of small topsoil.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of soil physical chemistry based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing of the embodiment of the present invention
Evolution analysis method, which comprises
Step 101: choosing the different soil of at least two quality and carry out the experiment of the rainfall simulation under constant raininess, obtain perseverance
Determine loss of soil nutrient feature under raininess；
Step 102: choosing the different soil of at least two quality and be changed the experiment of the rainfall simulation under raininess, become
Change loss of soil nutrient feature under raininess；
Step 103: choosing the different soil of at least two quality, add the organic fertilizer of different gradients respectively, carry out rainfall
Simulated experiment obtains soil physical chemistry feature of the different organic matter contents in soil erosion process；
Step 104: in conjunction with loss of soil nutrient feature under loss of soil nutrient feature, variation raininess under constant raininess and not
With soil physical chemistry feature of the content of organic matter in soil erosion process, test result is analyzed using statistical analysis technique
Obtain soil physical chemistry Evolution Characteristics.
The soil physical chemistry evolution analysis method based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing of the embodiment of the present invention is logical
It crosses and obtains loss of soil nutrient feature under constant raininess, loss of soil nutrient feature and different organic matter contents exist under variation raininess
Soil physical chemistry feature in soil erosion process can quick and precisely obtain soil physical chemistry Characteristics of Evolution.
Utilize two methods of chemical experiment and the spectrum test quantitative analysis physical and chemical parameter of pedotheque.Runoff and sediment damage
Both nutrient concentrations and quantity of sand and mud of mistake have substantial connection.It is surveyed by soil erosion test and indoor soil physico-chemical property
It is fixed, test result is analyzed using statistical analysis technique, it is determined that selected soil physical chemistry parameter is to the quick of soil erodibility
Sense degree
Preferably, loss of soil nutrient feature under the constant raininess, comprising: the soil nutrient under constant raininess is with runoff
Loss feature and soil nutrient with silt loss feature.
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing carries out the experiment of the rainfall simulation under constant raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to constant raininess, comprising:
First raininess, the second raininess, first gradient and second gradient are set, by the different soil of at least two quality
It is respectively placed under different raininess and the gradient and carries out test analysis；
Obtain under two kinds of raininess under the conditions of different gradient total nitrogen content in the runoff water of the different soil of at least two quality
Total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in changing condition, runoff water, total phosphorus stream in total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff water in runoff water
Vector changing condition, total nitrogen content changing condition in the runoff water, total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in runoff water, in runoff water
Total phosphorus number of dropouts changing condition is loss feature of the soil nutrient with runoff in total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff water.
Specifically, the soil that the present invention is different using 2 kinds of quality, respectively sandy soil and loam, are derived from Shandong Province Qingdao i.e.
Black area sloping upland.
Soil nutrient with runoff loss
Two main paths of loss of hillside fields nutrient are the nutrient loss of runoff dissolution carrying and supporting for erosion sediment carrying
It shunts and loses.During the rainfall, the rainwater wetting soil bacterial diversity that slope surface receives forms slope runoff up to after being saturated.In this process
In, the soluble nutrient in soil can outflow with water, and the non-soluble state nutrient in part is etched then with Rainfall simulator erosion with water flow
Fall.As shown in figures 2 a and 2b, the measurement result of total nitrogen content in the runoff water of collection is shown in 60mm h-1 raininess, it is husky
Fluctuating change is presented in soil total nitrogen content under 20 degree of gradients, and at 20 degree of loam, then presenting first reduces, and increases trend afterwards.And
When 10 degree of slope surfaces, sandy soil and loam all show decreasing trend after first increasing.But under high rainfall intensity, there is total nitrogen content in water
It is improved, under different disposal, variation tendency is similar, from 10min to 40min, except loam is in gradually decrease trend on 10 degree of slopes
Outside, decreasing trend after first increasing all is presented.
Runoff water had both been decided by the concentration of nitrogen in water to the number of dropouts of total nitrogen, was also dependent upon the size of run-off.Although total
Fluctuating change is presented in nitrogen content, but since run-off is in dramatically increase trend as time went on, so leading to the loss of total nitrogen
Amount is overall to be presented increase trend.As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, in 60mm h-1 raininess, for 10 degree of loam, 20 degree of sandy soil processing
For, it is respectively 402.9mg and 445.7mg that total nitrogen number of dropouts, which reaches maximum value in 30min, and at 10 degree and 20 degree of loam of sandy soil
Reason then just reaches maximum value, respectively 364.3mg and 491.1mg in 40min.4 kinds of processing are compared, under 10 degree of gradients,
60mm h-1 raininess is smaller to the erosion amount of total nitrogen.Under 120mm h-1 rainfall intensity, loam total nitrogen stream in 20 degree of gradients
Extremely significant increase is presented in vector, 349.2mg when from 10min, and peak 1143.6mg when reaching 30min, this is respectively
1.9-2.8 times of other processing maximum values.And other processing by runoff water increase speed it is slower influenced, and it is not shown aobvious
Increase trend is write, and difference is smaller between three kinds of processing.
Phosphate is most of with the presence of non-solubilised state, therefore most soil have stronger fixed function to phosphorus, make
Vertical migration of the phosphorus on soil profile is very faint, in addition, with the ratio and content also very little of the phosphorus of water flow migration.Fig. 5, figure
6 give the changes of contents situation of total phosphorus in different duration of raining water under two kinds of rainfall intensities.As shown, in water phosphorus content
Very low, content range is in 0.23~0.65mg/L.In 60mm h-1 raininess, 10 degree of amplitude of variation very littles of sandy soil, remaining processing
All reach maximum value in 30min.And it is then different in 120mm h-1 raininess, it then presents at 10 degree of sandy soil and is continuously increased
Trend, until the 40th min reaches maximum value, remaining processing is then held essentially constant.Since water flow dissolution has the effect of phosphorus
Limit, so the content difference of phosphorus is little in water under two kinds of rainfall intensities.
As shown in FIG. 7 and 8, due to the interaction of raindrop and soil, cause available phosphorus and soil particle occur absorption with
Desorption, simultaneously because the variation of run-off, causes the loss of available phosphorus to be among dynamic change.The accumulation of phosphorus is lost in runoff
Amount depend primarily on runoff to upper soll layer wash away and silt in phosphorus extraction, run-off
Available phosphorus that is big then carrying out is more.Under 60mm h-1 rainfall intensity, with flowing water loss on two kinds of soil
The total amount of phosphorus shows more consistent changing rule under 2 gradients, and from 10min to 40 min, the number of dropouts of phosphorus is gradually
Increase.Several processing are compared, 20 degree of loam, 20 degree of slope > sandy soil slope, 10 degree of ≈ loam, 10 degree of slope > sandy soil slope.Due to rainfall intensity
Increase, the run-off of water increases, and causes to have increased slightly when the phosphorus loss total amount ratio 60mm h-1 raininess in 120mm h-1 raininess.
4 kinds of processing are compared, and phosphorus loss amount of the loam at 20 degree of slopes is maximum, reach peak 8.92mg in 30min, and other 3 kinds
Then difference is smaller for processing.All in all, the amount very little that phosphorus outflows with water is nearly free from influence to the content of phosphorus in soil.
Soil nutrient with silt loss
Rainfall on slope land erosion process is a series of collection of the processes to interact between soil erosion power and soil erodibility
It closes.The soil erosion is made of four basic processes: migration, soil surface caused by removing, raindrop splash erosion caused by rain insensitive device
Migration caused by removing, soil surface runoff caused by runoff.With the encapsulation that washes away of flowing water, soil nutrient is removed by water flow
Outside loss by dissolution, the removing soil i.e. silt that current scour is taken away can also carry a part of nutriment.Total nitrogen contains from silt
From the point of view of amount as shown in table 1, loam is more much higher than sandy soil, and under 60mm h-1 rainfall intensity, the gradient increases the mud of two kinds of soil
Total nitrogen content all increases in sand, and under 120mm h-1 rainfall intensity, there is not increase trend in gradient increase, instead
Decreasing trend is shown in certain periods.
Table 1
The nitrogen content of runoff and sediment loss obviously has substantial connection with both concentration and quantity of sand and mud.Two kinds of rainfall intensities
Under, total nitrogen loss amount caused by runoff shows closely similar variation tendency, wherein the number of dropouts of loam will be much higher than sand
Soil, and being changed greatly in entire rainfall, under 60mm h-1 rainfall intensity, when the gradient is 10 degree, when from 10min
Peak when minimum is to 40min, improves 5.14 times, and when 20 degree of slopes, it is increased to the peak 337mg of 30min,
Improve 6.7 times.Slightly different when with 60mm h-1 rainfall intensity, under 120mm h-1 rainfall intensity, loam is on slope
10 degree of Shi 20min of degree just reach peak, and 20 degree of slopes still reach peak in 30min.In entire rainfall
In, no matter rainfall intensity and gradient size, the total nitrogen number of dropouts of sandy soil is very low, and amplitude of variation is also small, this is washed away with sandy soil
Content is low in silt and soil loss amount is also low direct relation, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10.
Available phosphorus contents loam in silt is higher than sandy soil, this is identical as total nitrogen content, but in addition to loam is in 10min
Silt available phosphorus content is higher outer when middle, and the variation of silt available phosphorus content is less, native compared with original soil in entire rainfall duration
Available phosphorus content increases as shown in table 2 after earth immersion.Total amount variation tendency such as Figure 11, Tu12Suo of available phosphorus in silt
Show, during entire rainfall duration, sandy soil are since the quantity of sand and mud of water erosion is few, and available phosphorus content is low in silt, so
Available phosphorus total amount number of dropouts is also low, and under two kinds of rainfall intensities, difference is also small, and amplitude of fluctuation is in 0.06~0.51mg.And loam
Silt in available phosphorus number of dropouts but present and dramatically increase trend, in 10min, number of dropouts is lower, in 60mm h-1 rainfall intensity
When, 20 degree of the peak of 30min and respectively 2.12 and 3.09mg when 10 degree of slopes are progressively increased to, and in 120mm h-1 rainfall
When intensity, then peak occur in 40min is respectively 2.91 and 1.79mg.
Table 2
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing carries out the experiment of the rainfall simulation under constant raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to constant raininess, comprising:
First raininess, the second raininess, first gradient and second gradient are set, by the different soil of at least two quality
It is respectively placed under different raininess and the gradient and carries out test analysis；
Obtain under two kinds of raininess that total nitrogen contains in the runoff and sediment of the different soil of at least two quality under the conditions of different gradient
Measure changing condition, total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in runoff and sediment, total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff and sediment in runoff and sediment
Middle total phosphorus number of dropouts changing condition, total nitrogen content changing condition in the runoff and sediment, total nitrogen number of dropouts variation in runoff and sediment
In situation, runoff and sediment in total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff and sediment total phosphorus number of dropouts changing condition be the soil nutrient with
The loss feature of silt.
Specifically, total nitrogen discharge feature in runoff
Two kinds of soil physico-chemical property comparisons: the PH of two kinds of soil all meta-alkalescences, the content of organic matter differ greatly, wherein No. two
The content of organic matter of soil is higher, and No.1 soil organic matter content is lower, and the difference of total nitrogen and total phosphorus content is little.
By Figure 13, Figure 14 it is found that the total nitrogen of two kinds of soil with experience loss situation difference.The variation of No. 1 soil
Rule is unobvious, and total nitrogen is more unstable with the loss of runoff.And No. 2 total nitrogen of soil are more obvious with the loss law of runoff.
In the process, the size of the gradient influences the loss of total nitrogen more obvious.For example under 10 degree of gradients, total nitrogen is in runoff
The trend of first increases and then decreases is presented with rainfall course for concentration, and under 5 degree of gradients, concentration of the total nitrogen in runoff is gone through with rainfall
Cheng Chengxian first reduces the trend increased afterwards.
Total phosphorus loss feature in runoff
As shown in table 3, due to the interaction of raindrop and soil, cause available phosphorus and soil particle that absorption and solution occurs
It inhales, simultaneously because the variation of run-off, causes the loss of available phosphorus to be among dynamic change as shown in Figure 15, Figure 16.Runoff
The accumulation number of dropouts of middle phosphorus depend primarily on runoff to upper soll layer wash away and silt in phosphorus extraction, run-off then carries greatly
Available phosphorus out is more.Under T=5 raininess, in the runoff of No. 1 soil total phosphorus concentration with the changing rule of rainfall be by
Then big reduction increases again finally tends towards stability, and under the conditions of T=10 raininess, total phosphorus concentration is with rainfall in the runoff of No. 1 soil
The changing rule of process is to change from small to big, and reaches after maximum value and then reduces again and finally tends towards stability.It is worth noting that, two kinds
In the case of, all reach when reaching 24 minutes rainfall duration and is most worth.For No. 2 soil, the gradient becomes total phosphorus concentration in runoff
Law is affected, and under 10 degree of gradients, total phosphorus concentration presents first to reduce and increase afterwards with the variation of rainfall in runoff
Trend, and under 5 degree of gradients, the trend of first increases and then decreases is presented with the variation of rainfall for total phosphorus concentration in runoff.
Table 3
Upper soll layer total nitrogen dynamic is lost feature
With the passage of rainfall duration and the souring of runoff, the ascents and descents upper soll layer of soil box slope surface occurs not
With the nutritive salt leakage of degree.The loss of upward slope upper soll layer nutritive salt has fluctuations process with rainfall passage.1
Number soil is almost the same with trend after rainfall duration to 16 minutes under 10 degree of gradients, but the total nitrogen under T=5 raininess at 32 minutes
There is a rising peak in content, and a decline low ebb occurs in total nitrogen content under T=10 raininess.Under 5 degree of gradients, total nitrogen contains
The variation tendency of amount is almost the same, but the total nitrogen content amplitude of variation in T=10 raininess condition is bigger, this is because compared with
Runoff is also larger under big raininess, generates biggish sluicing, and then nutritive salt is made variation by a relatively large margin also occur.For 2
Number soil, the total nitrogen other than the variation having by a relatively large margin in the total nitrogen content under 5 degree of gradients and T=10 raininess under other processing
Changes of contents amplitude is little.
The total nitrogen number of dropouts aggregate level of descending upper soll layer is increased compared with upward slope upper soll layer, especially for No. 2
Processing under the 10 degree of gradients and T=5 raininess of soil, when rainfall starts, the total nitrogen content of upper soll layer is 1.05g/kg,
When rainfall duration to 16 minutes, the total nitrogen content of upper soll layer is reduced to 0.56 g/kg, reduces nearly 50%.
Upper soll layer total phosphorus dynamic is lost feature
The total phosphorus content trend of soil box upper layer gradient upper soll layer is almost the same, and in place of rainfall duration, upper soll layer is total
Phosphorus content has loss by a relatively large margin, but with the propulsion of rainfall duration, when 24 minutes, upper soll layer total phosphorus content has
The raising of certain amplitude, this may be due to starting after generating runoff, and sample point upward slope region total phosphorus is lost, and due to rigid
Start to occur when runoff that run-off is little, scouring capability is smaller, and the loss total phosphorus in sample point upward slope region occurs stagnant in sample point
It stays, therefore the rising of certain amplitude occurs in the total phosphorus content put at this.With the propulsion of rainfall duration, run-off is gradually increased, diameter
The scouring capability of stream also gradually increases, and the trapping phenomena of total phosphorus also fades away, the total phosphorus content of topsoil after 24 minutes
It is constantly in reduced trend.
The total phosphorus content of descending upper soll layer by factors such as raininess and the gradients other than being influenced, the total phosphorus stream of upward slope soil
Losing situation also will affect the total phosphorus content of descending soil.When rainfall duration 8min to 24min, the total phosphorus of descending upper soll layer
Content has different degrees of increase, this is because, with the passage of rainfall, the production flow velocity degree of upper soll layer is more than after rainfall starts
Infiltration rate produces stream in the upward slope of soil box first, after producing stream, upward slope regions soluble available phosphorus and it is organic phosphorus can be with runoff
It is downstream elapsed with silt, so the total phosphorus content of descending has different degrees of amplification, then with the propulsion of rainfall, run-off
Increase, scouring capability also becomes by force, and trapping phenomena of the available phosphorus and organic phosphorous content of upstream in downstream also dies down, therefore goes through in rainfall
The trend of reduction is presented in the later stage of journey, the total phosphorus content of upper soll layer on the whole.
Soil surface organic matter dynamic is lost feature
For No. 1 soil, certain changing rule is presented in processing of the soil box upward slope upper soll layer under 5 degree of gradients, is being dropped
For rain course before 24min, the total phosphorus content of upper soll layer is totally presented the trend gradually decreased, 24min between 32min,
There is increase by a small margin, the surface layer content of organic matter gradually decreases later.This is because organic matter is macromolecular substances, usually
With the defeated shifting of silt progress, within the 24min that rainfall starts, runoff is less, and washing away for runoff is weaker, and the silt of generation is also less,
The organic matter of sampled point is only lost no upstream sediment bypassing bring organic matter and is detained, therefore shows in this stage and persistently subtract
Few trend.With the postponement of rainfall, runoff is become larger, and the scouring capability of runoff also enhances, therefore generates larger amount of mud
Husky defeated shifting.Bring organic matter is taken by the silt that sampled point goes up a slope and generates delay in sampled point, therefore when 32min or so,
The topsoil content of organic matter has increase by a small margin, and then with the increase of runoff and quantity of sand and mud, organic matter is in sampled point
Trapping phenomena weakens, therefore starts slowly to reduce again after 32min.No. 2 soil 5 degree of gradients processing under changing rule and No. 1
Similar rule is presented in soil.
For No. 1 soil, the content of organic matter of descending upper soll layer other than being influenced by factors such as raininess and the gradients, on
The Organic Matter Loss situation of slope soil also will affect the content of organic matter of descending soil.When rainfall duration 8min to 16min,
The content of organic matter of descending upper soll layer has different degrees of increase, this is because after rainfall starts, with the passage of rainfall, soil
The production flow velocity degree on earth surface layer has been more than infiltration rate, produces stream first in the upward slope of soil box, produces husky existing also with production outflow, upward slope area
Domain organic matter is downstream elapsed with silt, so the content of organic matter of descending has different degrees of amplification, then with rainfall
Propulsion, run-off increases, and scouring capability also becomes by force, and the organic matter of upward slope also dies down in the trapping phenomena of descending, therefore in rainfall
Before the 24min of course, the trend of reduction is presented in the total phosphorus content of upper soll layer on the whole.Then, under the processing of T=5 raininess
Soil surface organic matter content is reduced after having small size increase, and the soil surface organic matter content under the processing of T=10 raininess has
But the trend of rising is presented always.This may be because this time the raininess of test is designed as variation raininess, raininess T=10 processing
Under, 105mm/h is reduced to by original 156mm/h after rainfall 24min, with the decrease of raininess, runoff and quantity of sand and mud also have
It is reduced, upward slope, which has been higher than sampled point upper soll layer in the hold-up of descending sample point with the organic matter that runoff and silt carry, to be had
The number of dropouts of machine matter.
Preferably, loss of soil nutrient feature under the variation raininess, comprising: soil nutrient in the runoff under variation raininess
It is lost feature and upper soll layer nutrient dynamics is lost feature.
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing is changed the experiment of the rainfall simulation under raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to variation raininess, comprising:
It, will using lasting variation raininess and the first variation raininess, the second variation raininess, first gradient and second gradient being arranged
The different soil of at least two quality is respectively placed under the different gradient and variation raininess and carries out test analysis；
It obtains total in total nitrogen discharge feature and runoff in the different soil runoff of at least two quality under the conditions of different raininess
Phosphorus loss feature, total phosphorus loss feature is the diameter under the variation raininess in total nitrogen discharge feature and runoff in the soil runoff
Loss of soil nutrient feature in stream；
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing is changed the experiment of the rainfall simulation under raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to variation raininess, comprising:
It, will using lasting variation raininess and the first variation raininess, the second variation raininess, first gradient and second gradient being arranged
The different soil of at least two quality is respectively placed under the different gradient and variation raininess and carries out test analysis；
It obtains the different upper soll layer total nitrogen dynamic of at least two quality under the conditions of different raininess and is lost feature, upper soll layer
Total phosphorus dynamic is lost feature and soil surface organic matter dynamic is lost feature, and the upper soll layer total nitrogen dynamic is lost feature, soil
Earth surface layer total phosphorus dynamic is lost feature and soil surface organic matter dynamic is lost feature for upper soll layer nutrient dynamics loss
Feature.
Preferably, soil physical chemistry feature of the different organic matter contents in soil erosion process, comprising: low organic matter
The dynamic change characterization of upper soll layer total nitrogen content and the dynamic change characterization of high organic-matter soil surface layer total nitrogen content.
Preferably, the different soil of at least two quality of choosing is changed the experiment of the rainfall simulation under raininess, obtains
Loss of soil nutrient feature under to variation raininess, comprising:
The different soil of at least two quality includes low organic matter contents soils and high organic content soil；
Obtain the dynamic change situation of the gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil of low organic matter contents soils raininess under the conditions of different raininess
With the dynamic change situation of the raininess gradually full nitrogen of small topsoil, the low organic matter contents soils raininess gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil
Dynamic change situation and raininess gradually the full nitrogen of small topsoil dynamic change situation be the low full nitrogen in organic soil surface layer
The dynamic change characterization of amount；
Obtain the dynamic change situation of the gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil of high organic content soil raininess under the conditions of different raininess
With the dynamic change situation of the raininess gradually full nitrogen of small topsoil, the high organic content soil raininess gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil
Dynamic change situation and raininess gradually the full nitrogen of small topsoil dynamic change situation be the full nitrogen in high organic-matter soil surface layer
The dynamic change characterization of amount.
Preferably, three kinds of raininess of the rainfall simulation experimental setup.
Specifically, the dynamic change of low organic soil surface layer total nitrogen content
As shown in figure 17, when L-CK raininess is gradually big, total soil nitrogen amount under the processing of three raininess with rainfall duration variation
Rule is almost the same, is all at rainfall initial stage, and total nitrogen content reduces significantly, then since 16min, total nitrogen content
The case where being just substantially at ever-reduced trend, being handled in addition to 90mm/h raininess.Under the processing of 90mm/h raininess, rainfall initial stage
Being greatly lowered for total nitrogen content continues to 24min, and the rising that the total nitrogen content of subsequent upper soll layer occurs by a small margin is then located
In steady state.And for L-CK raininess, gradually hour, the upper soll layer total nitrogen content variation under three raininess horizontal processings are unknown
It is aobvious, in addition under the processing of 120mm/h raininess, one for occurring total nitrogen content in 32min uprushes a little, then again in substantially flat
Steady state.
The dynamic change of high organic-matter soil surface layer total nitrogen content
As shown in figure 18, when L-CK raininess is gradually big, the variation of the total nitrogen content under handling under 60mm/h and 90mm/h raininess becomes
Gesture has very big similarity in the rainfall later period, and the total nitrogen content under the processing of 120mm/h raininess does not change significantly.And it is right
In H-CK raininess gradually hour, under the processing of 120mm/h raininess, in the stage before rainfall 24min, total nitrogen content, which is in, persistently to be subtracted
Few trend, there is increase by a small margin in the 24-32min stage, and then total nitrogen content is in stable state.60mm/h and 90mm/h rain
The variation that lower total nitrogen content is managed in strength is unobvious, and trend is almost the same.
The soil physical chemistry evolution analysis method based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing of the embodiment of the present invention, builds
Vertical soil erosion test, whole process record erosion test process analyze surface layer skinning situation, the variation of surface layer quality of test front and back etc.
The differentiation of upper soll layer form, acquisition is by erosion pedotheque and tests its reflection spectrum characteristic, passes through comparison soil erosion test
The variation of front and back trial zone soil reflective spectrum feature, identification influence the soil physical chemistry parameter inducement of reflection spectrum characteristic, and benefit
The relationship of the soil parameters and soil erodibility is analyzed with erosion experiment data quantitative.
By implementing rainfall simulation test, the characteristic rule of erosion process variable in rainfall is analyzed, and testing
Test runoff and silt sample are collected in the process, more detailed analysis and research are had also been made to the loss feature of nutritive salt, are explored
The influence of soil parameters and soil erodibility is studied.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of soil physical chemistry evolution analysis method based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing, which is characterized in that institute
The method of stating includes:
It chooses the rainfall simulation that the different soil of at least two quality carries out under constant raininess to test, obtains soil under constant raininess
Characteristics of Nutrient Loss；
The rainfall simulation experiment that the different soil of at least two quality is changed under raininess is chosen, soil under variation raininess is obtained
Characteristics of Nutrient Loss；
The different soil of at least two quality is chosen, adds the organic fertilizer of different gradients respectively, rainfall simulation experiment is carried out, obtains
Soil physical chemistry feature of the different organic matter contents in soil erosion process；
In conjunction with loss of soil nutrient feature and different organic matter contents under loss of soil nutrient feature, variation raininess under constant raininess
Soil physical chemistry feature in soil erosion process, analyzes test result using statistical analysis technique to obtain soil physical chemistry
Evolution Characteristics；
Wherein, loss of soil nutrient feature under the constant raininess, comprising: soil nutrient under constant raininess with runoff loss
Feature and soil nutrient with silt loss feature；
The different soil of at least two quality of choosing carries out the experiment of the rainfall simulation under constant raininess, obtains under constant raininess
Loss of soil nutrient feature, comprising:
First raininess, the second raininess, first gradient and second gradient are set, the different soil of at least two quality is distinguished
It is placed under different raininess and the gradient and carries out test analysis；
Obtain total nitrogen content variation in the runoff water of the different soil of at least two quality under the conditions of different gradient under two kinds of raininess
Total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in situation, runoff water, total phosphorus number of dropouts in total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff water in runoff water
Changing condition, total nitrogen content changing condition in the runoff water, total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in runoff water, total phosphorus in runoff water
Total phosphorus number of dropouts changing condition is loss feature of the soil nutrient with runoff in changes of contents situation and runoff water；
Obtain total nitrogen content change in the runoff and sediment of the different soil of at least two quality under the conditions of different gradient under two kinds of raininess
It is total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in change situation, runoff and sediment, total in total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff and sediment in runoff and sediment
Phosphorus loss amount changing condition, total nitrogen content changing condition in the runoff and sediment, total nitrogen number of dropouts changing condition in runoff and sediment,
Total phosphorus number of dropouts changing condition is the soil nutrient with silt in total phosphorus content changing condition and runoff and sediment in runoff and sediment
Loss feature；
Wherein, loss of soil nutrient feature under the variation raininess, comprising: loss of soil nutrient is special in the runoff under variation raininess
Upper soll layer nutrient dynamics of seeking peace are lost feature；
The different soil of at least two quality of choosing is changed the experiment of the rainfall simulation under raininess, obtains under variation raininess
Loss of soil nutrient feature, comprising:
It, will be described using lasting variation raininess and the first variation raininess, the second variation raininess, first gradient and second gradient being arranged
The different soil of at least two quality is respectively placed under the different gradient and variation raininess and carries out test analysis；
Obtain in the different soil runoff of at least two quality under the conditions of different raininess total phosphorus stream in total nitrogen discharge feature and runoff
Feature is lost, total phosphorus loss feature is in runoff under the variation raininess in total nitrogen discharge feature and runoff in the soil runoff
Loss of soil nutrient feature；
It obtains the different upper soll layer total nitrogen dynamic of at least two quality under the conditions of different raininess and is lost feature, upper soll layer total phosphorus
Dynamic is lost feature and soil surface organic matter dynamic is lost feature, and the upper soll layer total nitrogen dynamic is lost feature, soil table
It is that the upper soll layer nutrient dynamics are lost feature that layer total phosphorus dynamic, which is lost feature and soil surface organic matter dynamic loss feature,；
Wherein, soil physical chemistry feature of the different organic matter contents in soil erosion process, comprising: low organic soil table
The layer dynamic change characterization of total nitrogen content and the dynamic change characterization of high organic-matter soil surface layer total nitrogen content；
It is described to choose the different soil of at least two quality, the organic fertilizer of different gradients is added respectively, carries out rainfall simulation experiment,
Obtain soil physical chemistry feature of the different organic matter contents in soil erosion process, comprising:
Obtain the dynamic change situation and rain of the gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil of low organic matter contents soils raininess under the conditions of different raininess
The dynamic change situation of the strong gradually small full nitrogen of topsoil, the low organic matter contents soils raininess gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil it is dynamic
The dynamic change situation of state changing condition and the raininess gradually full nitrogen of small topsoil is the low organic soil surface layer total nitrogen content
Dynamic change characterization；
Obtain the dynamic change situation and rain of the gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil of high organic content soil raininess under the conditions of different raininess
The dynamic change situation of the strong gradually small full nitrogen of topsoil, the high organic content soil raininess gradually full nitrogen of big topsoil it is dynamic
The dynamic change situation of state changing condition and the raininess gradually full nitrogen of small topsoil is high organic-matter soil surface layer total nitrogen content
Dynamic change characterization；
Wherein, the soil physical chemistry evolution analysis method based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing further include: establish
The soil of the surface layer skinning situation of front and back, the variation of surface layer quality is tested in soil erosion test, whole process record erosion test process, analysis
Earth superficial form develops, and acquisition is by erosion pedotheque and tests its reflection spectrum characteristic, passes through comparison soil erosion test front and back
The variation of trial zone soil reflective spectrum feature, identification influences the soil physical chemistry parameter inducement of reflection spectrum characteristic, and utilizes and invade
Lose the relationship of experimental data the quantitative analysis soil parameters and soil erodibility.
2. the soil physical chemistry evolution analysis side according to claim 1 based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing
Method, which is characterized in that it is three kinds of raininess of setting that setting rainfall simulation, which is tested,.
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