Background
The permanent magnet synchronous motor in the electric automobile can not control the rotor position signal, and the precision of the rotor position signal has important influence on the driving performance of the motor. At present, a rotary transformer is widely used as a position detection device. The rotary transformer stator is arranged on the side of the motor stator, and the rotor is fixed on the motor rotor to coaxially rotate and form a whole with the motor.
When the controller controls the operation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the rotation angle of the motor rotor relative to the motor stator needs to be known, namely the rotation angle in fig. 1
But resolver reading
Is the reading of the rotor of the resolver relative to the stator, there being a deviation theta between the two readings
0I.e. by
Deviation theta0In connection with the assembly of the motor, it is difficult to ensure the deviation theta during the production of the motor0So that the deviation theta is obtained after the rotary transformer is assembled on the motor0Almost random, requiring individual calibration of the deviation theta0。
The currently common methods for calibrating the zero position of the rotary transformer include the following methods:
a rotational zero position measuring method (CN201510066291.9) of a great wall automobile needs to drag a motor to operate at a certain rotating speed, and a counter potential signal of the motor and a Z signal used for representing rotational zero position information are measured through an oscilloscope. And the processor acquires the zero position of the motor rotor according to the difference between the duration of the counter potential signal and the duration from the zero point of the counter potential signal to the duration of the Z signal pulse signal.
A rotation zero calibration method (CN201510204274.7) of Biddi corporation is divided into two steps of static and dynamic tests. In a static test, the motor is in an open-loop motionless state, Q-axis current is provided, D-axis current is zero, and a middle zero position is obtained. In the dynamic test, equipment is required to drag the permanent magnet synchronous motor to rotate at a set rotating speed, and D-axis current and Q-axis current are zero in a closed ring state; during the process of increasing the D-axis current, whether the motor torque is zero or not is judged, and the final zero offset is determined.
In a rotational-variation zero-position calibration method (CN 106301133A) of Yundi electrics in Zhejiang, different voltage vectors are applied to a motor through a motor controller, rotational-variation angles corresponding to the different motor vectors are collected, difference values of the different voltage vector angles and the corresponding rotational-variation angles are obtained, and an average value of multiple measurements is taken as rotational-variation zero-position offset. The method has the problems that influence factors such as friction force, cogging torque and the like during the rotation of the motor are not considered, and the measurement precision is not accurate enough.
In the above scheme, the motor rotates and needs other equipment to drag, and extra measuring equipment needs to be added simultaneously, so that the vehicle-mounted measurement is not convenient, or the motor is in relative static test, the motor does not rotate continuously, the influence of ideal factors such as friction force cannot be eliminated, and the measurement precision is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method and a system for calibrating the zero position of a rotary transformer of a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor with higher precision.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a zero calibration method for a rotary transformer of a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor, which comprises the following steps:
controlling the permanent magnet synchronous motor to operate according to the received given forward current vector amplitude and the given forward rotating speed value;
when the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches and stabilizes at the given forward rotating speed value, setting an inverter connected with the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be in a three-phase short circuit state;
in the process of rotating speed reduction, when a first set rotating speed value is reached, a first included angle formed by a corresponding forward current vector and a d-axis negative half shaft of a permanent magnet synchronous motor preset rotor coordinate system is calculated;
when the rotating speed is dropped and stabilized at zero, controlling the permanent magnet synchronous motor to operate according to the received given reverse current vector amplitude and the given reverse rotating speed value;
when the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches and stabilizes at the given reverse rotating speed value, setting an inverter connected with the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be in a three-phase short circuit state;
in the process of reducing the rotating speed, when a second set rotating speed value is reached, a second included angle formed by the corresponding reverse current vector and a d-axis negative half shaft of a preset rotor coordinate system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is calculated;
and calculating the average value of the first included angle and the second included angle to obtain the zero offset angle of the rotary transformer.
The zero calibration method further comprises the following steps:
respectively carrying out low-pass filtering on the calculated first included angle and the second included angle to obtain a first included angle low-pass filtering value and a second included angle low-pass filtering value;
and calculating the average value of the low-pass filter value of the first included angle and the low-pass filter value of the second included angle to obtain the zero offset angle of the rotary transformer.
The first included angle is calculated according to d-axis current and q-axis current when the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches a first set rotating speed value, and the second included angle is calculated according to d-axis current and q-axis current when the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches a second set rotating speed value.
The preset rotor coordinate system is obtained by performing Park conversion by taking the original reading of the rotary transformer as a coordinate conversion parameter, and an included angle formed by the forward direction of the d axis and the stator coordinate A phase of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is the original reading of the rotary transformer.
Wherein the given forward current vector magnitude and the given reverse current vector magnitude are equal, and the first set speed value magnitude and the second set speed value magnitude are equal.
The invention also provides a zero calibration system for the rotary transformer of the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor, which comprises the following components:
the control module is used for controlling the permanent magnet synchronous motor to operate according to the received given forward current vector amplitude value and the given forward rotating speed value; when the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches and stabilizes at the given forward rotating speed value, setting an inverter connected with the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be in a three-phase short circuit state; in the process of reducing the rotating speed, when the rotating speed reaches a first set rotating speed value, calculating a first included angle formed by a corresponding forward current vector and a d-axis negative half shaft of a preset rotor coordinate system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor; the permanent magnet synchronous motor is also used for controlling the permanent magnet synchronous motor to operate according to the received given reverse current vector amplitude and the given reverse rotating speed value after the rotating speed is dropped and stabilized to zero; when the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches and stabilizes at the given reverse rotating speed value, setting an inverter connected with the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be in a three-phase short circuit state; in the process of reducing the rotating speed, when a second set rotating speed value is reached, a second included angle formed by the corresponding reverse current vector and a d-axis negative half shaft of a preset rotor coordinate system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is calculated; and the zero offset angle calculation module is used for calculating the average value of the first included angle and the second included angle to obtain the zero offset angle of the rotary transformer.
Wherein, the zero calibration system further comprises:
the low-pass filter is used for performing low-pass filtering on the first included angle and the second included angle to obtain a first included angle low-pass filtering value and a second included angle low-pass filtering value;
the control module is further used for calculating an average value of the first included angle low-pass filtering value and the second included angle low-pass filtering value to obtain a zero offset angle of the rotary transformer.
The first included angle is calculated according to d-axis current and q-axis current when the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches a first set rotating speed value, and the second included angle is calculated according to d-axis current and q-axis current when the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches a second set rotating speed value.
The preset rotor coordinate system is obtained by performing Park conversion by taking the original reading of the rotary transformer as a coordinate conversion parameter, and an included angle formed by the forward direction of the d axis and the stator coordinate A phase of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is the original reading of the rotary transformer.
Wherein the given forward current vector magnitude and the given reverse current vector magnitude are equal, and the first set speed value magnitude and the second set speed value magnitude are equal.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method and the device realize measurement under a rotating speed closed loop, can eliminate or inhibit the influence of non-ideal factors such as friction force, cogging torque and the like on zero calibration of the rotary transformer, have high measurement precision, and can also perform calibration under the condition that the permanent magnet synchronous motor is in a vehicle-mounted state.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calibrating a zero position of a resolver of a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor, including:
controlling the permanent magnet synchronous motor to operate according to the received given forward current vector amplitude and the given forward rotating speed value;
when the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches and stabilizes at the given forward rotating speed value, setting an inverter connected with the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be in a three-phase short circuit state;
in the process of rotating speed reduction, when a first set rotating speed value is reached, a first included angle formed by a corresponding forward current vector and a d-axis negative half shaft of a permanent magnet synchronous motor preset rotor coordinate system is calculated;
when the rotating speed is dropped and stabilized at zero, controlling the permanent magnet synchronous motor to operate according to the received given reverse current vector amplitude and the given reverse rotating speed value;
when the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches and stabilizes at the given reverse rotating speed value, setting an inverter connected with the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be in a three-phase short circuit state;
in the process of reducing the rotating speed, when a second set rotating speed value is reached, a second included angle formed by the corresponding reverse current vector and a d-axis negative half shaft of a preset rotor coordinate system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is calculated;
and calculating the average value of the first included angle and the second included angle to obtain the zero offset angle of the rotary transformer.
Specifically, the zero position calibration method for the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor resolver is applicable to electric vehicles, and before implementation, the electric vehicles need to be lifted by using a suspension, four wheels are suspended, and a neutral gear is hung, so that calibration of the zero position offset angle of the resolver can be directly performed under the vehicle-mounted condition.
Then entering a zero calibration mode of the rotary transformer, and giving a forward current vector amplitude Is+And given forward speed value omega+The system of fig. 4 is started by using the control block diagram of fig. 3.
When the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches omega+And is stabilized at omega+When the U, V, W three phases of the inverter are in a short-circuit state: as shown in fig. 4, the upper tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5 of the three-phase bridge arm are normally open, and the lower tubes Q2, Q4 and Q6 are normally closed; or the upper tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5 are normally closed, and the lower tubes Q2, Q4 and Q6 are normally open.
When the inverter is triggered to be in a three-phase short circuit state, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is not controlled by the system shown in fig. 4 any more, and the equivalent input voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is zero. Referring to FIG. 5, D0Q0Representing the real DQ axis direction of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, DQ representing the preset rotor coordinate system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor obtained by carrying out Park conversion by taking the original reading of a rotary transformer as a coordinate conversion parameter, and the positive direction of the d axis and the permanent magnet synchronousThe included angle formed by the stator coordinates A phase of the motor is the original reading of the rotary transformer, a DQ coordinate system and D0Q0Angle theta between coordinate systems0Is the zero offset angle of the resolver.
When the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor at this time is in the process of decreasing, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, respectively, when the first set rotating speed value ω is reached+ *Its corresponding current vector Is+ *Will be stabilized at a value theta with respect to the negative half axis of the d-axis of the predetermined rotor coordinate system+The position of the angle (i.e., the first angle). The control module in FIG. 3 will depend on the d-axis current I at that timedAnd q-axis current IqCalculating to obtain the theta+And (4) an angle.
When the rotating speed is dropped and stabilized at zero, the reverse current vector amplitude I is also givens-And given reverse speed value omega-The system of fig. 4 is started by using the control block diagram of fig. 3. Magnitude of forward current vector Is+And the vector magnitude I of the reverse currents-Are equal.
When the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches omega-And is stabilized at omega-When, U, V, W three phases of the inverter are also set in a short-circuit state: as shown in fig. 4, the upper tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5 of the three-phase bridge arm are normally open, and the lower tubes Q2, Q4 and Q6 are normally closed; or the upper tubes Q1, Q3 and Q5 are normally closed, and the lower tubes Q2, Q4 and Q6 are normally open.
When the inverter is triggered to be in a three-phase short circuit state, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is not controlled by the system shown in fig. 4 any more, and the equivalent input voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is zero. When the rotation speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor at this time is in the process of decreasing, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, respectively, when the second set rotation speed value ω is reached- *Its corresponding current vector Is- *Will be stabilized at a value theta with respect to the negative half axis of the d-axis of the predetermined rotor coordinate system-The position of the angle (i.e., the second angle). The control module in FIG. 3 will depend on the d-axis current I at that timedAnd q-axis current IqCalculating to obtain the theta-And (4) an angle. Note that, the first set rotation speed value ω+ *Amplitude and second set rotation speed value omega- *The amplitudes are equal.
Calculating a first angle theta+And a second angle theta-The average value of the zero offset angle theta of the rotary transformer can be obtained0The principle of (1) is as follows:
the equivalent input voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is zero, and D is equal to zero0Q0True d-axis current I under coordinate systemdQ-axis current IqThe current satisfies the following relationship:
wherein r is stator resistance of the PMSM, LqIs q-axis inductance, omegaeIs the electrical angular velocity of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
When the permanent magnet synchronous motor is in positive rotation, the first set rotating speed value omega+ *Then there are:
similarly, when the permanent magnet synchronous motor is in a second set rotating speed value omega of reverse rotation- *Then there are:
due to omega+ *=ω- *Thus, there are: theta0-θ+=θ--θ0
Finishing to obtain: theta0=(θ++θ-) 2, namely obtaining the first included angle theta+And a second angle theta-Then, the average value of the two is calculated, and the zero offset angle theta of the rotary transformer can be obtained0. The zero offset angle theta of the resolver is obtained by the above calculation0The process of the method is only influenced by the electrical parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (the internal resistance r and q-axis inductance of the stator), so that factors such as the friction force of a vehicle transmission system and the like hardly influence the precision of the calibration of the rotary-change zero position.
Because the permanent magnet synchronous motor rotates in the calibration process, after the rotating speed is stable, the current vector I can be caused due to the influence of factors such as cogging torque and the likesThe vector angle of (a) produces periodic fluctuations which can be almost completely eliminated by low-pass filtering. Therefore, the present embodiment further includes the first angle θ+And a second angle theta-And performing low-pass filtering to obtain a first included angle low-pass filtering value and a second included angle low-pass filtering value, and then calculating the average value of the first included angle low-pass filtering value and the second included angle low-pass filtering value to obtain the zero offset angle of the rotary transformer. Because the vector angle after low-pass filtering is adopted when the zero offset angle is calculated, the calibration result is hardly influenced by the cogging torque. Therefore, the zero calibration method can eliminate the influence of non-ideal factors such as friction force, cogging torque and the like on the zero calibration of the rotary transformer, and can realize high-precision calibration. In addition, the calibration method of the embodiment only needs a power battery except for the motor controller and the motor, so that zero calibration can be directly carried out under the condition that the motor controller and the motor are normally installed on an actual vehicle.
Correspondingly to the first embodiment of the present invention, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a zero calibration system for a resolver of a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor, including:
the control module is used for controlling the permanent magnet synchronous motor to operate according to the received given forward current vector amplitude value and the given forward rotating speed value; when the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches and stabilizes at the given forward rotating speed value, setting an inverter connected with the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be in a three-phase short circuit state; in the process of reducing the rotating speed, when the rotating speed reaches a first set rotating speed value, calculating a first included angle formed by a corresponding forward current vector and a d-axis negative half shaft of a preset rotor coordinate system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor; the permanent magnet synchronous motor is also used for controlling the permanent magnet synchronous motor to operate according to the received given reverse current vector amplitude and the given reverse rotating speed value after the rotating speed is dropped and stabilized to zero; when the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches and stabilizes at the given reverse rotating speed value, setting an inverter connected with the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be in a three-phase short circuit state; in the process of reducing the rotating speed, when a second set rotating speed value is reached, a second included angle formed by the corresponding reverse current vector and a d-axis negative half shaft of a preset rotor coordinate system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is calculated; and the zero offset angle calculation module is used for calculating the average value of the first included angle and the second included angle to obtain the zero offset angle of the rotary transformer.
Wherein, the zero calibration system further comprises:
the low-pass filter is used for performing low-pass filtering on the first included angle and the second included angle to obtain a first included angle low-pass filtering value and a second included angle low-pass filtering value;
the control module is further used for calculating an average value of the first included angle low-pass filtering value and the second included angle low-pass filtering value to obtain a zero offset angle of the rotary transformer.
The first included angle is calculated according to d-axis current and q-axis current when the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches a first set rotating speed value, and the second included angle is calculated according to d-axis current and q-axis current when the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor reaches a second set rotating speed value.
The preset rotor coordinate system is obtained by performing Park conversion by taking the original reading of the rotary transformer as a coordinate conversion parameter, and an included angle formed by the forward direction of the d axis and the stator coordinate A phase of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is the original reading of the rotary transformer.
Wherein the given forward current vector magnitude and the given reverse current vector magnitude are equal, and the first set speed value magnitude and the second set speed value magnitude are equal.
According to the invention, the measurement under the closed loop of the rotating speed is realized, the influence of non-ideal factors such as friction force, cogging torque and the like on the zero calibration of the rotary transformer can be eliminated or inhibited, the measurement precision is high, and the calibration can be carried out under the condition that the permanent magnet synchronous motor is in a vehicle-mounted state.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.