CN107893335A - 聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法 - Google Patents

聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107893335A
CN107893335A CN201711037519.7A CN201711037519A CN107893335A CN 107893335 A CN107893335 A CN 107893335A CN 201711037519 A CN201711037519 A CN 201711037519A CN 107893335 A CN107893335 A CN 107893335A
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preparation
composite nano
yarn line
fibre
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郑贤宏
郑圆圆
文琦
付文丽
许庆丽
毛宁
陈文翀
覃小红
邱夷平
陈霞
张坤
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Donghua Mirror Month (suzhou) Textile Technology Research Co Ltd
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    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/61—Polyamines polyimines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/56—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polymers of cyclic compounds with one carbon-to-carbon double bond in the side chain
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法，属于静电纺丝和电化学领域。该聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法以纳米纤维纱线为载体，通过原位聚合法制备导电聚合物复合纳米纤维纱线。该聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法所制备的纱线具有较高取向性、较大的比表面积和储能容量。

Description

聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及静电纺丝和电化学领域，特别涉及一种聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法。
背景技术
静电纺丝是当前一种最流行的制备纳米纤维的技术。其产品具有非常优异的性能，如极大的比表面积，可以灵活地进行表面功能化整理以及优异的力学性能等。
静电纺取向纳米纤维纱线中的纳米纤维大多都取向排列，遇到的接触点缠结点较少，自由电子的定向运动产生的势垒较小，电子跃迁势垒所需的能量较小，电子在导电通道中传输能够通过势垒的可能性较大，因此取向结构的纱线的导电性能较好。
超级电容器是一种介于普通电容器和电池之间的新型储能器件，它具有充放电速度快，循环寿命长和对环境无污染等特点，使其在国防、军工、汽车、移动通讯等众多领域都有着广泛的应用。
目前用于超级电容器的电极的材料主要有碳基材料、导电高分子材料、金属氧化物材料三类。聚苯胺是目前最受关注的导电高分子材料，因为其合成简单、成本较低、环境友好、稳定性良好、理论高比电容（酸性介质中可达400-500F/g）等特点成为目前导电高分子材料研究的焦点；静电纺丝具有工艺简单、材料体系广泛、环境友好等特点, 是制备连续纳米纤维最有效的方法之一，而由静电纺丝技术制备得的纳米纤维纱线既具备了纳米纤维比表面积大、结构可控等特点，同时又具备制备纱线状超级电容器的潜力。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法。
本发明提供的技术方案是：利用自制静电纺纳米纤维纱线装置，制备PVP纳米纤维纱线。利用气相聚合方法制备聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线。
更进一步的，所述的一种聚苯胺复合碳纳米纤维纱线的制备方法，包括如下步骤，具体为：
步骤一，取聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）粉末，置于无水乙醇中，磁力搅拌后制得PVP-乙醇溶液；另取过硫酸铵（APS）粉末，置于去离子水中，磁力搅拌后制得APS水溶液；将APS水溶液逐滴滴加到PVP-乙醇溶液中，并磁力搅拌，待溶液澄清后得含有APS氧化剂的PVP-乙醇溶液。
步骤二，取步骤（1）所制得的溶液用于制备静电纺丝纳米纤维纱线，制得PVP/APS纳米纤维纱线。
步骤三，将苯胺单体溶液及1mol/L~3mol/L稀盐酸置于容器中，将制得的PVP/APS纳米纤维纱线固定于玻璃片上置于密闭容器中，并将容器抽真空，纳米纤维纱线处于苯胺单体气氛中，纳米纤维纱线表面的氧化剂APS与苯胺单体反应，进行聚合。
步骤四， 使用乙醇及去离子水洗涤聚合后的纳米纤维纱线，并烘干，得到聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线。
从上述技术来看，本发明的有益效果在于：
第一，本发明制备的纤维纱线有较高取向性。
第二，本发明制备的纤维纱线有较大的比表面积和储能容量。
附图说明
图1为本发明聚苯胺复合碳纳米纤维纱线的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1，如图1 所述，本实施例提供的聚苯胺复合碳纳米纤维纱线的制备结构按照逐层包裹的方式进行制备。
一种聚苯胺复合碳纳米纤维纱线的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，取聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）粉末，置于无水乙醇中，磁力搅拌6~12h后制得质量分数为8%~12%的PVP-乙醇溶液；另取过硫酸铵（APS）粉末，置于去离子水中，磁力搅拌后制得1.25 mmol/L~5mmol/L 的APS水溶液；将APS水溶液逐滴滴加到PVP-乙醇溶液中，并磁力搅拌，待溶液澄清后得含有APS氧化剂的PVP-乙醇溶液。
步骤二，取步骤（1）所制得的溶液用于制备静电纺丝纳米纤维纱线，制得PVP/APS纳米纤维纱线。
步骤三，将苯胺单体溶液及1mol/L~3mol/L稀盐酸置于容器中，将制得的PVP/APS纳米纤维纱线固定于玻璃片上置于密闭容器中，并将容器抽真空，纳米纤维纱线处于苯胺单体气氛中，纳米纤维纱线表面的氧化剂APS与苯胺单体反应，进行聚合。
步骤四， 使用乙醇及去离子水洗涤聚合后的纳米纤维纱线，并烘干，得到聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线。

Claims (4)

1.一种聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，取聚乙烯吡咯烷酮粉末，置于无水乙醇中，磁力搅拌后制得PVP-乙醇溶液；另取过硫酸铵粉末，置于去离子水中，磁力搅拌后制得APS水溶液；将APS水溶液逐滴滴加到PVP-乙醇溶液中，并进行磁力搅拌，待溶液澄清;
步骤二，取步骤一所制得的溶液用于制备静电纺丝纳米纤维纱线;
步骤三，将苯胺单体溶液及稀盐酸置于容器中，将制得的PVP/APS纳米纤维纱线固定于玻璃片上置于密闭容器中，并将容器抽真空，将纳米纤维纱线处于苯胺单体气氛中，纳米纤维纱线表面的氧化剂APS与苯胺单体反应，进行聚合;
步骤四，使用乙醇及去离子水洗涤聚合后的纳米纤维纱线，并烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚苯胺合物复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中纳米纤维纱线按如下方法制得：采取两个针管型喷丝头，分别配置正负高压，喷丝头之间配置一转动装置，喷丝头以中间的转动装置为中线对称配置，利用转动装置带动气流旋转加捻成纱。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中的聚合温度为0~60℃，聚合时间为4~12h，加入的苯胺的量与氧化剂用量的摩尔比值为1：1~10：1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法制得的导电聚合物复合纳米纤维纱线作为电极材料使用。
CN201711037519.7A 2017-10-30 2017-10-30 聚苯胺复合纳米纤维纱线的制备方法 Pending CN107893335A (zh)

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CN102418170A (zh) * 2011-09-20 2012-04-18 吉林大学 一种在半导体纳米纤维中可控制备导电高分子的方法
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