CN107891859B - 车辆、车辆控制器及控制车辆动力传动系统的方法 - Google Patents

车辆、车辆控制器及控制车辆动力传动系统的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107891859B
CN107891859B CN201710880957.3A CN201710880957A CN107891859B CN 107891859 B CN107891859 B CN 107891859B CN 201710880957 A CN201710880957 A CN 201710880957A CN 107891859 B CN107891859 B CN 107891859B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
voltage battery
vehicle
low voltage
engine
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201710880957.3A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN107891859A (zh
Inventor
马克·斯蒂芬·耶马扎基
克里斯多佛·艾伦·李尔
斯科特·詹姆斯·汤普森
罗吉特·乔赫里
法扎尔·阿拉曼·塞伊德
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Publication of CN107891859A publication Critical patent/CN107891859A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107891859B publication Critical patent/CN107891859B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/20—Energy regeneration from auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/441—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/50—Drive Train control parameters related to clutches
    • B60L2240/507—Operating parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/02—Clutches
    • B60W2510/0208—Clutch engagement state, e.g. engaged or disengaged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02—Clutches
    • B60W2710/021—Clutch engagement state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0666—Engine torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2710/083—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60Y2300/18183—Propulsion control with common controlling member for different functions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/42—Control of clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/91—Battery charging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本公开涉及混合动力车辆的低电压电池的充电分配。一种车辆包括电机、起动发电机和控制器。所述电机经由逆变器连接至牵引电池。所述起动发电机与发动机机械地连接，并且与低电压电池电连接。并且，所述控制器利用来自牵引电池的电力对低电压电池进行充电，并响应于电机的扭矩需求下降到阈值之下，转换为利用起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电，所述阈值由逆变器的损耗限定。

Description

车辆、车辆控制器及控制车辆动力传动系统的方法
技术领域
本公开涉及用于包括带传动起动发电一体机(belt integrated starter/generator)的混合动力车辆的控制系统。
背景技术
车辆通常利用可变传动比变速器在内燃发动机和车辆车轮之间传输动力。在自动变速器中，控制器响应于车辆速度和驾驶员需求而选择传动比，通常通过踩下加速踏板来传达所述驾驶员需求。在特定结构中，车辆还具有连接在变速器输入处的牵引马达。所述牵引马达电连接至牵引电池(通常为具有大于100V的端电压的高电压电池)。可以以马达模式或发电模式来使用牵引马达，在马达模式下，来自电池的能量被用于补充发动机动力，在发电机模式下，牵引马达将机械能转换为被储存在电池中的电能。一些车辆还包括起动发电机(诸如，电连接至辅助电池(通常为具有小于100V(比如，12V或48V)的端电压的低电压电池)的带传动起动发电一体机(BISG))。具有BISG的车辆可通过BISG或者通过牵引马达或牵引电池向低电压电池供电。
发明内容
一种车辆包括电机、起动发电机和控制器，所述电机经由逆变器连接至牵引电池，所述起动发电机与发动机机械地连接并与低电压电池电连接。所述控制器被配置为：利用来自牵引电池的电力对低电压电池进行充电，并且响应于电机的扭矩需求下降到阈值之下，转换为利用起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电，所述阈值由逆变器的损耗限定。
一种车辆控制器包括输入通道、输出通道和控制逻辑，所述输入通道接收指示电机的扭矩需求的信号，所述输出通道提供用于将通过电机的逆变器对低电压电池进行充电转换为通过发动机的起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电的命令，所述控制逻辑响应于扭矩需求下降到阈值之下而产生所述命令，所述阈值由逆变器的损耗限定。
一种控制车辆动力传动系统的方法包括：当将发动机连接至电机的发动机分离离合器被接合并且牵引电池的SOC大于预定义的值时，利用来自电机的电力对低电压电池进行充电。所述方法还包括：响应于电机的扭矩需求下降到阈值之下，利用来自发动机的起动发电机的电力对低电压电池进行充电。
附图说明
图1A是具有带传动起动发电一体机(BISG)的混合动力电动车辆的动力传动系统的框图。
图1B是经由BISG对低电压电池进行充电的混合动力电动车辆的动力传动系统的框图。
图1C是经由混合动力电机对低电压电池进行充电的混合动力电动车辆的动力传动系统的框图。
图2是示出BISG和混合动力车辆马达的扭矩分配的马达扭矩相对于功率的图形表示。
图3是示出用于控制BISG、发动机和马达扭矩以对低电压电池进行充电的第一方法的控制图。
图4是示出BISG的操作的高效率区域相对于转速和电流的图形表示。
图5是示出混合动力马达的效率相对于扭矩需求和转速的图形表示。
图6是示出利用BISG和DC/DC转换器对低电压电池进行充电的高效区域相对于马达扭矩需求和转速的图形表示。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，应理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为示例，并且其它实施例可采用各种形式和替代形式。附图不必按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定组件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的是，参照任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可与在一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合，以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可被期望用于特定的应用或实施方式。
包括被装配到特定动力传动系统的起动发电一体机(ISG)的车辆通常具有可被配置为对低电压电池进行充电或放电的两组电机(包括用于接合电机的致动器)。可利用发动机动力通过ISG直接对低电压电池进行充电，或者可经由DC/DC转换器通过高电压电池对低电压电池进行充电。高电压电池是具有高于100伏特DC的端电压的电池。当考虑从燃料开始并且以低电压电池充电结束的路径时，在确定用于给低电压电池充电的最佳路径时要考虑到不同的机械效率和电气效率。这里提出了一种确定和控制经由ISG等对低电压电池进行充电以保持低电压电池的荷电状态(SOC)的系统和方法。所述方法在给定当前车辆状况下选择最有效率的电气路径，并且命令致动器以达到期望的效率。首先，在不考虑低电压电池的充电需求的情况下对所述系统进行优化。然后，增加对低电压电池的充电需求，并且执行两个另外的优化，一个优化利用ISG进行充电，另一个优化利用DC/DC转换器进行充电。然后，在ISG和DC/DC转换器之间分配对低电压电池进行充电所需要的扭矩，使得达到最佳系统效率。在本申请中，术语BISG还包括经由轴、齿轮或其他机械结构与内燃发动机(也被称为发动机)连接的起动发电一体机(ISG)。
一些系统仅考虑了对高电压电池的SOC需求，并调节动力传动系统致动器以满足高电压电池的充电要求。低电压电池的充电被视为高电压电池系统上的无源负载。此处，在增加用于充电的另一潜在路径的情况下，控制器考虑对低电压子系统的需求并调节动力传动系统致动器以针对整个系统的效率实现充电。
图1A是具有带传动起动发电一体机(BISG)的混合动力电动车辆的动力传动系统的框图。参照图1A，根据本公开的实施例示出了混合动力电动车辆(HEV)10的示意图。图1A示出了组件之间的代表性关系。车辆内的组件的物理布局和方位可改变。HEV 10包括动力传动系统12。动力传动系统12包括驱动传动装置16的发动机14。如下面将进一步具体描述的，传动装置16包括电机(诸如，电动马达/发电机(M/G)18)、关联的牵引电池20、变矩器22和多级阶梯传动比自动变速器或齿轮箱24。
发动机14和M/G 18都是HEV 10的驱动源，所述驱动源被配置为推进HEV 10。发动机14通常代表可包括内燃发动机(诸如汽油、柴油或天然气驱动的发动机)或燃料电池的动力源。发动机14产生发动机功率和相应的发动机扭矩，所述发动机扭矩在发动机14与M/G18之间的分离离合器26至少部分地接合时被供应到M/G 18。可通过多种类型的电机中的任何一种来实现M/G 18。例如，M/G 18可以是永磁同步马达。如下面将描述的，电力电子模块56将对由牵引电池20提供的直流(DC)电力进行调节以满足M/G 18的要求。例如，电力电子模块56可向M/G 18提供三相交流电(AC)。
当分离离合器26至少部分地接合时，从发动机14到M/G 18或者从M/G18到发动机14的动力流是可行的。例如，分离离合器26可被接合，并且M/G 18可作为发电机操作，以将由曲轴28和M/G轴30提供的旋转能转换成将被储存在牵引电池20中的电能。还可使分离离合器26分离以将发动机14与动力传动系统12的其余部分隔离，使得M/G 18可用作HEV 10的唯一驱动源。轴30延伸穿过M/G 18。M/G 18连续地可驱动地连接至轴30，然而仅当分离离合器26至少部分地接合时发动机14才可驱动地连接至轴30。
M/G 18经由轴30连接至变矩器22。因此，当分离离合器26至少部分地接合时，变矩器22连接至发动机14。变矩器22包括固定到M/G轴30的泵轮和固定到变速器输入轴32的涡轮。因此，变矩器22在轴30和变速器输入轴32之间提供液力耦合。变矩器22在泵轮转动得比涡轮快时将动力从泵轮传递至涡轮。涡轮扭矩和泵轮扭矩的大小通常取决于相对转速。当泵轮转速与涡轮转速的比值足够高时，涡轮扭矩是泵轮扭矩的倍数。变矩器旁通离合器(也被称为变矩器锁止离合器)34还可被设置为：当变矩器旁通离合器接合时，使变矩器22的泵轮和涡轮摩擦地或机械地连接，以允许更高效的动力传输。变矩器旁通离合器34还可作为起步离合器操作，以提供平稳的车辆起步。可选地或组合地，针对不包括变矩器22或变矩器旁通离合器34的应用，可在M/G 18与齿轮箱24之间设置与分离离合器26类似的起步离合器。在一些应用中，分离离合器26通常被称为上游离合器，而起步离合器34(其可以是变矩器旁通离合器)通常被称为下游离合器。
齿轮箱24可包括齿轮组(未示出)，所述齿轮组通过摩擦元件(比如，离合器和制动器(未示出))的选择性接合而被选择性地置于不同的传动比，以建立期望的多个离散或阶梯传动比。可通过换挡安排来控制摩擦元件，所述换挡安排连接和断开齿轮组的特定元件，以控制变速器输出轴36和变速器输入轴32之间的传动比。齿轮箱24基于多种车辆操作状况和环境操作状况而通过关联的控制器(诸如，动力传动系统控制单元(PCU))自动地从一个传动比切换至另一传动比。来自发动机14和M/G 18二者的功率和扭矩可传递至齿轮箱24并且由齿轮箱24接收。然后，齿轮箱24向输出轴36提供动力传动系统的输出功率和扭矩。
应理解的是，与变矩器22一起使用的液压控制的齿轮箱24仅是齿轮箱或变速器装置的一个示例；从发动机和/或马达接受输入扭矩并随后以不同的传动比向输出轴提供扭矩的任何多级传动比齿轮箱用于本公开的实施例都是可接受的。例如，齿轮箱24可通过机械自动(或手动)变速器(AMT)来实现，所述机械自动(或手动)变速器包括用于使换挡拨叉沿着换挡导轨平移/转动以选择期望的传动比的一个或更多个伺服马达。如本领域普通技术人员通常理解的，例如，在较高扭矩要求的应用中可使用AMT。
如图1A的代表性实施例所示，输出轴36连接至差速器40。差速器40经由连接至差速器40的相应的车轴44驱动一对车轮42。差速器40将大致相等的扭矩传递至每个车轮42，同时在诸如车辆转弯时允许微小的转速差。可使用不同类型的差速器或类似装置将来自动力传动系统的扭矩分配到一个或更多个车轮。在一些应用中，例如，扭矩分配可根据特定的操作模式或状况而不同。
动力传动系统12还包括关联的控制器50(诸如，动力传动系统控制单元(PCU))。虽然被示出为一个控制器，但是控制器50可以是较大的控制系统的一部分，并且可由整个车辆10的多个其它控制器(诸如，车辆系统控制器(VSC))来控制。因此，应理解的是，动力传动系统控制单元50和一个或更多个其它控制器可被统称为“控制器”，所述“控制器”响应于来自多个传感器的信号而控制多个致动器以控制多个功能(诸如，起动/停止发动机14、操作M/G 18以提供车轮扭矩或对牵引电池20进行充电、选择或安排变速器换挡等)。控制器50可包括与多种类型的计算机可读存储装置或介质通信的微处理器或中央处理器(CPU)。例如，计算机可读存储装置或介质可包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和不失效存储器(KAM)中的易失性和非易失性存储器。KAM是可用于在CPU断电时存储各种操作变量的持久性或非易失性存储器。可利用多个已知的存储装置(比如，PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电可编程只读存储器)、EEPROM(电可擦除可编程只读存储器)、闪存或能够存储数据的任何其它电存储装置、磁存储装置、光学存储装置或组合的存储装置)中的任何一种来实现计算机可读存储装置或介质，所述数据中的一些表示由控制器使用以控制发动机或车辆的可执行指令。
控制器经由输入/输出(I/O)接口(包括输入通道和输出通道)与各种发动机/车辆传感器和致动器通信，所述输入/输出(I/O)接口可被实现为提供各种原始数据或信号调整、处理和/或转换、短路保护等的单个集成接口。可选地，一个或更多个专用硬件或固件芯片可被用于在将特定信号传送到CPU之前调整并处理所述特定信号。如图1A的代表性实施例总体上示出的，控制器50可以向发动机14、分离离合器26、M/G 18、牵引电池20、起步离合器34、变速器齿轮箱24和电力电子模块56传送信号和/或传送来自发动机14、分离离合器26、M/G 18、牵引电池20、起步离合器34、变速器齿轮箱24和电力电子模块56的信号。尽管未明确示出，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到上述每个子系统内的可通过控制器50控制的多个功能或组件。可利用由控制器执行的控制逻辑和/或算法直接地或间接地致动的参数、系统和/或组件的代表性示例包括燃料喷射正时、速率和持续时间、节气门位置、(用于火花点火式发动机的)火花塞点火正时、进气/排气门正时和持续时间、前端附件驱动(FEAD)组件(诸如，交流发电机、空调压缩机)、电池充电或放电(包括确定最大充电功率限制和最大放电功率限制)、再生制动、M/G操作、用于分离离合器26、起步离合器34和变速器齿轮箱24的离合器压力等。例如，通过I/O接口传送输入的传感器可用于指示涡轮增压器增压压力、曲轴位置(PIP)、发动机转速(RPM)、车轮转速(WS1、WS2)、车速(VSS)、冷却剂温度(ECT)、进气歧管压力(MAP)、加速踏板位置(PPS)、点火开关位置(IGN)、节气门位置(TP)、空气温度(TMP)、排气氧(EGO)或其它排气成分的浓度或存在、进气流量(MAF)、变速器挡位、传动比或模式、变速器机油温度(TOT)、变速器涡轮转速(TS)、变矩器旁通离合器34状态(TCC)、减速或换挡模式(MDE)、电池的温度、电压、电流或荷电状态(SOC)。
可通过一个或更多个附图中的流程图或类似图表来表示由控制器50执行的控制逻辑或功能。这些附图提供了可利用一个或更多个处理策略(诸如，事件驱动、中断驱动、多任务、多线程等)实现的代表性控制策略和/或逻辑。这样，示出的各个步骤或功能可以以示出的顺序执行、并行地执行或在一些情况下被省略。虽然不总是被明确地示出，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到，所示出的步骤或功能中的一个或更多个可根据正在使用的特定处理策略而被重复执行。类似地，实现在此描述的特征和优点不一定需要所述处理顺序，提供处理顺序仅为了便于说明和描述。控制逻辑可主要在由基于微处理器的车辆、发动机和/或动力传动系统控制器(诸如，控制器50)执行的软件中实现。当然，控制逻辑可根据特定应用而在一个或更多个控制器中的软件、硬件或软件和硬件的组合中实现。当在软件中实现控制逻辑时，控制逻辑可被设置在一个或更多个计算机可读存储装置或介质中，所述计算机可读存储装置或介质存储代表由计算机执行以控制车辆或其子系统的代码或指令的数据。计算机可读存储装置或介质可包括多个已知的物理装置中一个或更多个，所述物理装置利用电、磁和/或光学存储器来保存可执行指令和关联的校准信息、操作变量等。
由车辆的驾驶员使用加速踏板52来提供需求的扭矩、功率或驱动命令以推进车辆。通常，踩下和释放加速踏板52产生可被控制器50分别解释为增大动力或减小动力的需求的加速踏板位置信号。车辆的驾驶员还使用制动踏板58来提供需求的制动扭矩以使车辆减慢。通常，踩下和释放制动踏板58产生可被控制器50解释为需要降低车辆速度的制动踏板位置信号。基于来自加速踏板52和制动踏板58的输入，控制器50命令至发动机14、M/G 18和摩擦制动器60的扭矩。控制器50还控制齿轮箱24内的换挡正时以及分离离合器26与变矩器旁通离合器34的接合或分离。与分离离合器26类似，可在接合位置与分离位置之间的范围内调节变矩器旁通离合器34。除了由泵轮与涡轮之间的液力耦合产生的可变打滑之外，这种调节还在变矩器22中产生了可变打滑。可选地，根据特定应用，变矩器旁通离合器34可在不利用调节操作模式的情况下被操作为锁止或分离。
为了利用发动机14驱动车辆，至少部分地接合分离离合器26以将发动机扭矩的至少一部分通过分离离合器26传递到M/G 18，然后从M/G 18传递通过变矩器22和齿轮箱24。M/G 18可通过提供用于使轴30转动的额外的动力来辅助发动机14。这种操作模式可被称为“混合动力模式”或“电动辅助模式”。
为了利用作为唯一动力源的M/G 18驱动车辆，除了分离离合器26将发动机14与动力传动系12的其余部分隔离以外，动力流保持不变。在此期间，可禁用或以其它方式关闭发动机14中的燃烧以节省燃料。例如，牵引电池20通过线路54向可包括逆变器的电力电子模块56传递储存的电能。电力电子模块56将来自牵引电池20的DC电压转换为由M/G 18使用的AC电压。控制器50命令电力电子模块56将来自牵引电池20的电压转换为向M/G 18提供的AC电压，以向轴30提供正扭矩或负扭矩。这种操作模式被称作“纯电动”或“EV”操作模式。电力电子模块56可包括固态电气组件和机电组件。固态电气组件可包括绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、双极型晶体管(BJT)和其它组件。一般而言，固态电气组件和机电组件二者都有损耗；所述损耗包括静态损耗和动态损耗。例如，很多固态组件(也被称为器件)可在线性区域或饱和区域中操作。当所述器件在饱和区域中操作时，功率通道受到由所述器件和封装的物理约束(诸如，漏极和源极之间的电阻(Rds(on))或集电极和发射极之间的饱和电压(Vce(sat)))限制。通常，当固态器件在饱和区域中操作时，固态器件是最有效率的，然而，当导通固态器件时，所述器件必须在达到饱和之前通过线性区域进行转换。当所述器件在线性区域中操作时，功率通道受到栅极上的电荷、流入基极的电流或另一类似机制限制。因此，随着这些器件被调制，出现转换期间的损耗或开关损耗。通常，逆变器和DC/DC转换器调制固态组件，以将来自电机的电力转换为能够储存在牵引电池中的电力，反之亦然。
在任何操作模式下，M/G 18可用作马达并为动力传动系统12提供驱动力。可选地，M/G 18可用作发电机并将来自动力传动系统12的动能转换为电能以将其储存在牵引电池20中。例如，在发动机14为车辆10提供的推进动力时，M/G 18可用作发电机。此外，在再生制动的时间期间，M/G 18可用作发电机，其中，在再生制动中，来自旋转的车轮42的扭矩和旋转能(或动能)或动力通过齿轮箱24和变矩器22(和/或变矩器旁通离合器34)往回传递并被转换成电能以储存在牵引电池20中。此外，基于M/G 18的材料、设计、形状、转速和操作状况，M/G 18具有M/G 18效率很低的操作区域或状况。这些效率很低的操作区域也可被称为损耗，所述损耗可被表征或校准并被存储在控制器或控制逻辑中的表格中或者可被实时计算。
牵引电池20和M/G 18还可被配置为向一个或更多个车辆附件62提供电力。车辆附件62可包括但不限于空调系统、动力转向系统、电加热器或以电的方式操作的任何其它系统或装置。
起动发电一体机(ISG)64可连接至发动机14(即，可连接至发动机14的曲轴28)。ISG 64可被配置为：在发动机起动事件期间作为马达进行操作以起动发动机14，或者在车辆操作期间向动力传动系统12提供额外的扭矩。ISG 64还可被配置为从发动机14接收扭矩并作为发电机进行操作。ISG 64可通过离合器66、带68和一对带轮70选择性地连接至发动机。如果ISG 64通过带68连接至发动机，则ISG 64可被称为带传动起动发电一体机(BISG)。控制器50可被配置为向ISG 64发送信号以使ISG 64作为马达或发电机进行操作。控制器还可被配置为向离合器66发送信号以使离合器66分离或接合。当离合器处于接合状态时，ISG64将连接至发动机14，并且当离合器66处于分离状态时，ISG 64将与发动机14断开连接。ISG 64可被配置为：当作为发电机进行操作时，提供电能以对附件电池72和牵引电池20进行充电，或者提供电能以向车辆附件62供电。附件电池72还可被配置为向车辆附件62供电。
控制器50可被配置为经由电信号接收图1A中示出的多个车辆组件的各种状态或状况。所述电信号可经由输入通道从各个组件传递至控制器50。此外，从各个组件接收的电信号可指示用于改变或转变车辆10的一个或更多个对应组件的状态的请求或命令。控制器50包括被配置为(经由电信号)向各个车辆组件传递请求或命令的输出通道。控制器50包括控制逻辑和/或算法，所述控制逻辑和/或算法被配置为基于各个车辆组件的请求、命令、状况或状态而产生通过输出通道进行传递的请求或命令。
在图1A中以虚线示出了输入通道和输出通道。应理解的是，单条虚线可代表进入或离开单个元件的输入通道和输出通道二者。此外，离开一个元件的输出通道可作为至另一元件的输入通道进行操作，反之亦然。
应理解的是，图1A中示出的示意图仅仅是代表性的，并且不意在限制。可预期利用发动机与马达二者的选择性接合以通过变速器传递动力的其它构造。例如，M/G 18可相对于曲轴28偏移，和/或M/G 18可被设置在变矩器22与齿轮箱24之间。在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可预期其它构造。
图1B是经由BISG对低电压电池进行充电的混合动力电动车辆的动力传动系统的框图。图1C是经由混合动力电机和/或牵引电池对低电压电池进行充电的混合动力电动车辆的动力传动系统的框图。如图1B和图1C所示，可经由BISG或DC/DC转换器完成对低电压电池的充电。在图1B中，电荷76从BISG 64流向低电压电池72。电荷76可在分离离合器26分离时流动。乍看之下，当发动机启动并且被连接时，仅利用BISG对电池进行充电看起来更简单。然而，并不是在所有情况下都如此。为了利用最大的系统效率对电池进行充电，必须检查两个路径上的所有致动器的效率。在图1C中示出了用于对低电压电池进行充电的第二路径，这里，能量78经由分离离合器26从发动机14传输到电机18。能量78(比如，旋转能、高电压能量和低电压能量)被转换为电机18中的电能并被储存在高电压电池20中。然后，能量78可在经由DC/DC转换器74被转换为低电压后从高电压电池20传输到低电压电池72。然后，能量78被储存在低电压电池72中。
首先，针对仅利用DC/DC转换器对低电压电池进行充电的情况进行分析。针对给定的发动机转速ω和来自发动机和马达的总扭矩需求τTot，可通过发动机的制动燃料消耗率(Brake Specific Fuel Consumption,BSFC)曲线和马达效率映射来实现发动机扭矩τeng和马达扭矩τmtr之间的折衷。这是静态优化问题，并可用公式表示为：
τeng+τmtr＝τTot (1)
τTot＝τdd+τHV_SOC (2)
Figure GDA0003588671620000101
Figure GDA0003588671620000102
其中：
Elhv是较低的燃料热值，
Figure GDA0003588671620000103
是燃料流速，
Ploss是高电压系统的损耗，
τTot＝驾驶员需求扭矩τdd加上针对高电压电池SOC的扭矩τHV_SOC，
τmtr1是针对最高效率的命令的马达扭矩值。
现将低电压电池的SOC需求添加到等式(1)至等式(4)并重新计算第二马达扭矩值τmtr2，所述τmtr2表示低电压电池SOC所需要的额外需求。
τeng+τmtr＝τTot2 (5)
τTot2＝τdd+τHV_SOC+τLV_SOC (6)
Figure GDA0003588671620000104
Figure GDA0003588671620000111
并且还考虑了也可利用BISG对低电压电池进行充电的情况。可通过利用上面获得的τmtr1的值来获得BISG充电路径的效率，并利用BISG来满足低电压电池的SOC请求。
τeng+τmtr1+τbisg＝τTot2 (9)
Figure GDA0003588671620000112
Figure GDA0003588671620000113
其中：
Ploss(τbisg,nω)＝BISG在发动机转速乘以传动比下的电损耗，
Ploss_belt(nω)＝BISG在发动机转速乘以传动比下的带损耗。
等式(1)至等式(11)提供了针对利用被示出为电荷76的DC/DC路径(比如，牵引电池和电机)或被示出为能量78的BISG路径对低电压电池进行充电的两个系统效率的映射。可对具有典型尺寸的发动机、马达、BISG和DC/DC转换器的车辆进行一些观察。这些观察被总结如下：
第一，如果使用高电压马达路径对低电压电池进行充电，则当马达功率大于标称值时，整个系统的效率较高。这将在图5中进行描述。
第二，如果使用BISG路径，则当BISG功率小于标称值时，整个系统的效率较高。如图4所示。
第三，如果使用BISG路径，则当BISG的转速小于标称值时，整个系统的效率较高。这将在图4中进行描述。
第四，如果由于驾驶员/路面相互作用而使高电压电池SOC(HV SOC)已经被充电到最大范围，则HV SOC管理策略将期望使多余的电荷流出。利用多余的电荷向动力传动系统提供额外的电力将因为使发动机扭矩移动至BSFC曲线的低效率范围内而降低整个系统的效率。
利用上述观察，可形成策略。所述策略应该允许如上面的等式中示出的优化，以及允许用于调整噪声、振动和声振粗糙度(Noise，Vibration andHarshness，NVH)和其它客户感知属性的校准。以下规则可形成准则：
首先，确定低电压电池的充电需求PLVSOC＝f(电压，电流，温度)。如果分离离合器分离，则仅利用BISG进行充电，如果高电压系统需要使电荷流出，则使用DC/DC路径进行充电，并且，如果HV SOC在正常范围内，则如按照上述等式确定的，以优化方式对低电压电池进行充电。所述优化方式可被存储在如图4或图6所示的表格中。然后，将发动机、高电压马达和BISG的扭矩命令至适当的值，以满足驾驶员的需求同时还对电池进行充电。
图2是示出BISG和混合动力车辆电机的扭矩分配的马达扭矩202相对于功率204的图形表示200。电机扭矩206和BISG扭矩208被绘制在一起。这个图形表示200示出了用于确定用于对低电压电池进行充电的BISG路径和用于对低电压电池进行充电的DC/DC路径之间的效率分配的函数。τLV_SOC是在当前转速下达到期望的充电功率所需的扭矩。从0到P1 210，仅经由BISG进行充电。从P1 210到P3 244，由BISG和DC/DC转换器二者提供充电，其中，P2212指示由BISG和电机两者提供等量的功率的转换点。通过P3 244之后，仅经由DC/DC路径来提供充电。在原型车辆中，P2 212出现在1.5kW附近。
图3是示出用于控制BISG、发动机和马达扭矩以对低电压电池进行充电的第一方法的控制图300。在操作302，控制器接收指示混合动力车辆的状况的信号。所述状况包括在发动机和电机之间的分离离合器(比如，分离离合器26)的状况、牵引电池(比如，高电压电池20)的状况、低电压电池(比如，低电压电池72)的状况以及其它动力传动系统和车辆系统的状况。
在操作304，如果分离离合器分离，则控制器分支到操作306。在操作306，控制器将BISG配置为对低电压电池进行充电。在操作304，如果分离离合器接合，则控制器分支到操作308。
在操作308，如果高电压电池的荷电状态(SOC)大于阈值，则控制器分支到操作310。这里，所述阈值是基于多种因素的，所述多种因素包括车辆重量、车辆的操作模式、电机配置和牵引电池特性(诸如，化学、尺寸和温度)。基于所述因素，可生成校准表，使得预定义的值被存储并易于在操作期间进行访问。在另一实施例中，所述因素可被实时计算，或者可以是存储的数据和实时数据二者的组合。在操作310，控制器将DC/DC转换器配置为通过使电荷从电机和牵引电池中的至少一个流向低电压电池来对低电压电池进行充电。在操作308，如果高电压电池的SOC小于所述阈值，则控制器分支到操作312。
在操作312，控制器确定经由DC/DC转换器通过牵引电池和电机对低电压电池进行充电的效率，并进行至操作314。
在操作314，控制器确定经由起动发电一体机对低电压电池进行充电的效率，并进行至操作316。
在操作316，如果起动发电一体机的效率大于经由DC/DC转换器的牵引电池和电机的效率，则控制器分支到操作318。如果起动发电一体机的效率小于经由DC/DC转换器的牵引电池和电机的效率，则控制器分支到操作320。
在操作318，控制器将BISG配置为：根据效率函数汲取更多的扭矩，然后针对优化分配而调整发动机和马达的操作，以此增加来自BISG的对低电压电池的充电。
在操作320，控制器将BISG配置为：根据效率函数汲取更少的扭矩，然后针对优化分配而调整发动机和马达的操作，以此减少来自BISG的对低电压电池的充电。
图4是示出相对于转速402与输出电流404的BISG的操作的高效率区域406的图形表示400。这个图表是3维图形的2维表示，其中，高效率区域406限定了BISG的效率大于某个值(比如，80％)的区域。例如，在转速为2000RPM且输出电流为100安培的情况下，效率可能是83％，因此该效率在高效率区域406内，而在转速同样为2000RPM且输出电流为10安培的情况下，效率可能是65％，因此该效率在高效率区域406外。
图5是示出相对于马达的扭矩需求504与转速506的混合式马达的效率502的图形表示500。这个等值线图(contour)是马达设计和逆变器中的电力电子模块的损耗的结果，所述逆变器用于将DC电压转换为AC信号以驱动马达。因为扭矩需求504是基于逆变器的操作的，所以扭矩需求504也可被称为扭矩命令。逆变器的操作包括电力电子模块的调制，所述电力电子模块包括IGBT、功率MOSFET、BJT或用于控制马达的其它固态开关。所述调制包括所述调制的频率和占空比。如在该图形表示中所示出的，当对马达没有扭矩需求时，效率下降到接近于0。此外，在低效率区域510之外的大多数操作点处，马达和高电压系统对低电压系统进行充电的效率通常高于BISG对低电压系统进行充电的效率。所述低效率区域510是由BISG更好地执行对低电压电池的充电的区域。控制器或控制逻辑可使用低效率区域510的轮廓作为转换点，在所述转换点处，低电压电池充电操作从使用马达和高电压系统对低电压电池进行充电转换为使用BISG对低电压电池进行充电。
图6是示出相对于马达扭矩需求602与马达转速604的效率区域的图形表示600。这个图表是3维图形的2维表示，其中，形成DC/DC高效率区域606A和606B，使得在特定的马达扭矩需求602和马达转速604的操作状况下，经由DC/DC转换器和高电压系统对低电压电池进行充电的效率高于某个值(比如，80％)。还形成了BISG高效率区域608，使得在特定的马达扭矩需求602和马达转速604的操作状况下，经由BISG对低电压电池进行充电的效率高于所述值(比如，80％)。尽管这个图形表示是基于特定车辆系统的数据而生成的，但是在其它实施例中，该图形的构思仍然可应用。例如，在不同的实施例中，可形成DC/DC高效率区域606A和606B，使得在特定的马达扭矩需求602和马达转速604的操作状况下，经由DC/DC转换器和高电压系统对低电压电池进行充电的效率高于经由BISG对低电压电池进行充电的效率。并且，形成BISG高效率区域608，使得在特定的马达扭矩需求602和马达转速604的操作状况下，经由BISG对低电压电池进行充电的效率高于经由DC/DC转换器和高电压系统对低电压电池进行充电的效率。
在此公开的处理、方法或算法可被传送到处理装置、控制器或计算机，或者通过处理装置、控制器或计算机实现，所述处理装置、控制器或计算机可包括任何现有的可编程电子控制单元或者专用的电子控制单元。类似地，所述处理、方法或算法可以以多种形式被存储为可被控制器或计算机执行的数据和指令，所述多种形式包括但不限于信息被永久地存储在非可写存储介质(诸如，只读存储器(ROM)装置)上以及信息被可变地存储在可写存储介质(诸如，软盘、磁带、致密盘(CD)、随机存取存储器(RAM)装置以及其它磁介质和光学介质)上。所述处理、方法或算法还可被实现为软件可执行对象。可选地，所述处理、方法或算法可使用合适的硬件组件(诸如，专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、状态机、控制器或其它硬件组件或装置)或者硬件组件、软件组件和固件组件的组合被整体或部分地实现。
虽然以上描述了示例性实施例，但是并不意在这些实施例描述了权利要求所涵盖的所有可能形式。说明书中所使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解的是，可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所述，可将各个实施例的特征进行组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。尽管针对一个或更多个期望特性，各个实施例可能已经被描述为提供优点或优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员应认识到，根据具体的应用和实施方式，一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷以实现期望的整体系统属性。这些属性可包括但不限于成本、强度、耐用性、生命周期成本、市场性、外观、包装、尺寸、可维护性、重量、可制造性、装配的容易性等。因此，被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式的实施例并非在本公开的范围之外，并且可被期望用于特定的应用。

Claims (18)

1.一种车辆，包括：
电机，经由逆变器连接至牵引电池；
起动发电机，与发动机机械地连接，并且与低电压电池电连接；
控制器，被配置为：利用来自牵引电池的电力对低电压电池进行充电，并且响应于电机的扭矩需求下降到阈值之下，转换为利用起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电，所述阈值由逆变器的损耗限定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，还包括连接在发动机和电机之间的分离离合器，其中，所述控制器还被配置为：当分离离合器分离时，利用起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，其中，所述控制器还被配置为：响应于当分离离合器接合时电机的扭矩需求下降到所述阈值之下，利用起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述控制器还被配置为：当牵引电池的荷电状态大于预定义的值时，利用来自电机的电力对低电压电池进行充电。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述逆变器的损耗是在所述扭矩需求下的逆变器和DC/DC转换器的开关损耗，所述DC/DC转换器与所述逆变器连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，还包括连接在牵引电池和低电压电池之间的DC/DC转换器，其中，所述控制器还被配置为：利用由DC/DC转换器转换的电力对低电压电池进行充电。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，还包括分离离合器，所述分离离合器被配置为将发动机与电机连接，其中，所述控制器被配置为：响应于当分离离合器接合时牵引电池的荷电状态大于预定义的值，利用来自电机的电力对低电压电池进行充电。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述起动发电机经由带被选择性地连接至发动机的曲轴。
9.一种车辆控制器，包括：
输入通道，被配置为：接收指示电机的扭矩需求的信号；
输出通道，被配置为：提供用于将通过电机的逆变器对低电压电池进行充电转换为通过发动机的起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电的命令；
控制逻辑，被配置为：响应于所述扭矩需求下降到阈值之下，产生所述命令，所述阈值由逆变器的损耗限定。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车辆控制器，其中，所述控制逻辑还被配置为：响应于低电压电池的充电需求，产生用于利用来自电机的电力对低电压电池进行充电的命令。
11.根据权利要求9所述的车辆控制器，其中，所述逆变器的损耗是在所述扭矩需求下的逆变器和DC/DC转换器的开关损耗，所述DC/DC转换器与所述逆变器连接。
12.根据权利要求9所述的车辆控制器，其中，所述控制逻辑还被配置为：响应于牵引电池的荷电状态大于预定义的值，产生用于利用来自牵引电池的电力对低电压电池进行充电的命令。
13.根据权利要求9所述的车辆控制器，其中，所述输入通道还被配置为接收指示连接在发动机和电机之间的分离离合器的状态的离合器信号，并且其中，所述控制逻辑还被配置为：当所述离合器信号指示分离状态时，产生用于利用起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电的命令。
14.根据权利要求13所述的车辆控制器，其中，所述控制逻辑还被配置为：当所述离合器信号指示接合状态时，响应于电机的扭矩需求下降到所述阈值之下，产生用于利用起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电的命令。
15.一种控制车辆动力传动系统的方法，包括：
当将发动机连接至电机的发动机分离离合器被接合并且牵引电池的荷电状态大于预定义的值时，利用来自电机的电力对低电压电池进行充电；
响应于电机的扭矩需求下降到阈值之下，利用来自发动机的起动发电机的电力对低电压电池进行充电。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：响应于发动机分离离合器分离以将发动机和电机分离，利用起动发电机对低电压电池进行充电。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，所述阈值是由连接在电机和牵引电池之间的逆变器的损耗限定的。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，所述损耗是在扭矩需求下的逆变器和DC/DC转换器的开关损耗，所述DC/DC转换器与所述逆变器连接。
CN201710880957.3A 2016-10-04 2017-09-26 车辆、车辆控制器及控制车辆动力传动系统的方法 Active CN107891859B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/285,008 2016-10-04
US15/285,008 US10322711B2 (en) 2016-10-04 2016-10-04 Low-voltage battery charging split of hybrid vehicles with belt integrated starter-generators

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107891859A CN107891859A (zh) 2018-04-10
CN107891859B true CN107891859B (zh) 2022-07-29

Family

ID=61623788

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201710880957.3A Active CN107891859B (zh) 2016-10-04 2017-09-26 车辆、车辆控制器及控制车辆动力传动系统的方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US10322711B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN107891859B (zh)
DE (1) DE102017122894A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6540565B2 (ja) * 2016-03-16 2019-07-10 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 車両用電源供給システム、車両用駆動システム
US10259448B2 (en) * 2016-08-17 2019-04-16 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Hybrid vehicle propulsion systems and methods
DE102016217955A1 (de) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-22 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridfahrzeugs
US10214089B2 (en) * 2016-10-18 2019-02-26 Richard Chi-Hsueh Energy efficient vehicle
KR101776763B1 (ko) * 2016-11-11 2017-09-08 현대자동차 주식회사 마일드 하이브리드 차량의 저전압 배터리 충전 방법 및 장치
US10336314B2 (en) * 2017-07-26 2019-07-02 Gm Global Technology Operations Llc. Hybrid powertrain system
JP2019187130A (ja) * 2018-04-12 2019-10-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 自動運転車両の制御装置
DE102019201034B4 (de) * 2019-01-28 2023-10-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Abgassystem für einen Verbrennungsmotor mit SCR-Kühlung sowie Kraftfahrzeug
KR20210062135A (ko) * 2019-11-20 2021-05-31 현대자동차주식회사 하이브리드 차량의 제어 장치 및 방법
CN114248753A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-29 北京宝沃汽车股份有限公司 混合动力车辆的控制方法和装置、介质、设备、车辆
DE102021206414A1 (de) 2021-06-22 2022-12-22 Psa Automobiles Sa Rekuperation elektrischer Energie in eine Zweitbatterie eines Fahrzeugs
WO2023278814A1 (en) * 2021-07-02 2023-01-05 Indycar, LLC Hybrid power train with a low-voltage motor-generator
EP4112350A1 (en) * 2021-07-02 2023-01-04 MAHLE Powertrain, LLC Hybrid power train for vehicles with a low-voltage motor-generator

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101012779A (zh) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-08 丰田自动车株式会社 内燃机起动控制器
JP2009029319A (ja) * 2007-07-30 2009-02-12 Nissan Motor Co Ltd ハイブリッド車両の発電制御装置
CN102438870A (zh) * 2009-05-22 2012-05-02 日产自动车株式会社 电动车辆的控制装置及控制方法
CN102905948A (zh) * 2010-05-26 2013-01-30 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于运行系统的方法、系统、控制机构和计算机程序产品
JP2013092097A (ja) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-16 Denso Corp 始動発電機の制御装置
CN103282256A (zh) * 2010-12-27 2013-09-04 丰田自动车株式会社 混合动力车辆及其控制方法
JP2014208504A (ja) * 2013-04-16 2014-11-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ハイブリッド車両の制御装置
CN104582988A (zh) * 2012-11-16 2015-04-29 丰田自动车株式会社 当检测到碰撞时控制混合动力车辆的混合动力车辆的控制装置
CN105227033A (zh) * 2014-06-02 2016-01-06 福特全球技术公司 混合动力车辆可变电压牵引马达驱动

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100117594A1 (en) * 2008-11-13 2010-05-13 International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc Strategy for maintaining state of charge of a low-voltage battery bank in a hybrid electric vehicle having a high-voltage traction battery bank
BRPI1014989A2 (pt) * 2009-04-27 2017-03-28 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab um sistema de carregamento de bateria para um veículo elétrico hibrído
US9026293B2 (en) * 2011-02-21 2015-05-05 Suzuki Motor Corporation Drive control device of hybrid vehicle
GB2520556B (en) 2013-11-26 2016-05-25 Ford Global Tech Llc A method of controlling a mild hybrid electric vehicle
GB2523080A (en) 2014-02-12 2015-08-19 Ford Global Tech Llc An apparatus and method for starting an engine
US10597024B2 (en) * 2016-03-10 2020-03-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for powering start-stop and hybrid vehicle components and accessories

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101012779A (zh) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-08 丰田自动车株式会社 内燃机起动控制器
JP2009029319A (ja) * 2007-07-30 2009-02-12 Nissan Motor Co Ltd ハイブリッド車両の発電制御装置
CN102438870A (zh) * 2009-05-22 2012-05-02 日产自动车株式会社 电动车辆的控制装置及控制方法
CN102905948A (zh) * 2010-05-26 2013-01-30 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于运行系统的方法、系统、控制机构和计算机程序产品
CN103282256A (zh) * 2010-12-27 2013-09-04 丰田自动车株式会社 混合动力车辆及其控制方法
JP2013092097A (ja) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-16 Denso Corp 始動発電機の制御装置
CN104582988A (zh) * 2012-11-16 2015-04-29 丰田自动车株式会社 当检测到碰撞时控制混合动力车辆的混合动力车辆的控制装置
JP2014208504A (ja) * 2013-04-16 2014-11-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ハイブリッド車両の制御装置
CN105227033A (zh) * 2014-06-02 2016-01-06 福特全球技术公司 混合动力车辆可变电压牵引马达驱动

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107891859A (zh) 2018-04-10
DE102017122894A1 (de) 2018-04-05
US10322711B2 (en) 2019-06-18
US20180093656A1 (en) 2018-04-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107891859B (zh) 车辆、车辆控制器及控制车辆动力传动系统的方法
CN106143484B (zh) 混合动力车辆及加热发动机冷却液的方法
CN107031374B (zh) 混合动力车辆及调节车辆电池的方法
US9067587B1 (en) Torque based energy management in hybrid vehicle
CN105905110B (zh) 混合动力车辆中的电池充电策略
US10821963B2 (en) Coordinating non-demand engine start and stop with gear shift
US9475483B2 (en) Hybrid vehicle including a prevent powertrain gear hunting strategy
CN107010046B (zh) 用于混合动力车辆的ev模式换挡策略
US10183566B2 (en) Hybrid vehicle and powertrain
US20210053551A1 (en) Hybrid vehicle engine start/stop system
CN107031612B (zh) 用于混合动力车辆的ev模式换挡策略
CN108068797B (zh) 防止传动系在间隙区域中浮动的系统和方法
US10821966B2 (en) Hybrid vehicle control system
US10112598B1 (en) System and method of controlling engine torque of hybrid vehicle
US20200108686A1 (en) Vehicle and method of preconditioning cabin air within a vehicle
CN112918242A (zh) 用于控制混合动力车辆中的发动机分离离合器的系统
US11524582B2 (en) Battery charging system for hybrid or electric vehicle
US11498547B2 (en) Hybrid vehicle control system
US10960751B2 (en) Cooling system for an electric machine
US10612509B2 (en) Vehicle and method pre-fluxing an engine starter motor in a vehicle
US9944186B1 (en) Hybrid truck and hybrid truck accessory
US11390168B1 (en) Control system for a power outlet on a hybrid or electric vehicle
US11732790B2 (en) Powertrain system for an electric or a hybrid vehicle
US10998779B2 (en) Fastening system for an electric machine
US11654795B2 (en) Vehicle and method of preconditioning cabin air within a vehicle

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant