CN107889695A - 一种菠萝的高产种植方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种菠萝的高产种植方法,涉及农业种植技术领域。所述菠萝的高产种植方法,在种植前,先后在清水、杀菌液和浸泡液中浸泡,减少病虫害的侵染,防治凋萎病,提高菠萝的产量;生长期的壮苗肥和催花肥中添加中药成分,能够有效促进肥料的释放,提高肥料性能,降低栽培成本,提高种植的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业种植技术领域,尤其涉及一种菠萝的高产种植方法。
背景技术
菠萝俗称凤梨,是著名热带水果之一,原产于南美洲巴西、巴拉圭的亚马逊河流域一带,16世纪从巴西传入中国。菠萝,凤梨科凤梨属植物,茎短、叶多数、莲座式排列、剑形、顶端渐尖、全缘或有锐齿、腹面绿色、背面粉绿色,边缘和顶端常带褐红色,生于花序顶部的叶变小,常呈红色。花序于叶丛中抽出,状如松球;苞片基部绿色,上半部淡红色,三角状卵形;萼片宽卵形,肉质,顶端带红色;花瓣长椭圆形,端尖,上部紫红色,下部白色,聚花果肉质,花期夏季至冬季。在中国福建、广东、海南、广西和云南均有栽培。
菠萝的种植方法都比较单一,都是根据前人的种植方法稍加改进来操作 的,每年的亩产量较低,且使用过多的化学物质,对食用者的身体健康有影响;由于近年来环境污染日益严重,土壤肥力日趋下降,导致种植过程中的施肥成本和人工成本增加,从而降低菠萝的经济效益。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种菠萝的高产种植方法。
本发明是通过如下的技术方案来解决上述技术问题的:一种菠萝的高产种植方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)选择地势平坦、土壤肥沃、排水良好的种植地,对种植地进行翻耕,翻耕深为35~40cm,同时除去杂草;每亩施生石灰150~200kg、腐熟农家肥1000~1500kg、复合肥30~45kg;按垄宽100~120cm、垄高35~45cm、垄沟宽50~65cm起垄;
(2)选择适应性广、抗逆性强及产高质优的品种,将种苗在17~22℃清水中浸泡3~5h,自然晾干,在杀菌液中浸泡30~60min,然后再将种苗在浸泡液中浸泡3~5h,浸泡时浸泡液淹过种子即可;
(3)选择叶片宽、叶片肥厚、茎粗、叶片色泽青绿、无病虫害、生长健壮的种苗,按株行距30×50cm移栽至种植地内,扶正种苗,并用土壤和基肥的混合物压实种苗;
(4)在移栽后3~4个月,施撒一次壮苗肥;在开花15~25天后,施撒一次催花肥;在结果期,喷施一次壮果肥;定植后每个月喷洒一次叶面肥;
(5)用甲霜灵500倍液喷施或用病特灵液喷施;在开花前及结成小果后,用50%氯硝铵或波尔多液喷施。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)的杀菌液包括如下重量份的原料:浒苔水解酶5~9份、褐藻酸酶3~5份、海藻多糖8~13份、海洋生物复合活素5~7份、槟榔4~7份、苦皮藤5~11份。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)的浸泡液包括以下重量份的原料:车前草20~28份、天仙子10~22份、鸡蛋花8~15份、番泻叶18~25份、仙人掌10~15份、山茱萸11~20份、半夏5~12份、苦楝皮3~8份、菖蒲5~13份、硼酸7~15份、磷酸二氢钾10~22份、谷芽8~17份、EM菌剂3~5份、葡萄糖酸钙15~23份、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯1~4份、柠檬酸2~6份。
进一步的,所述步骤(4)的壮苗肥包括以下重量份的原料:猪粪40~60份、黑土20~35份、磷矿粉20~35份、豆腐渣15~22份、葡萄糖酸锌15~25份、土壤调节剂8~15份、党参15~22份、黄芪10~18份、升麻10~15份、冬凌草5~8份。
进一步的,所述步骤(4)的催花肥包括以下重量份的原料:氯化钾20~40份、胆矾粉末8~13份、磷酸铵10~20份、红粉3~8份、丙烯酸乙酯5~12份、硝酸钠20~28份、芒硝颗粒3~7份、钼酸铵8~13份、古龙酸母液5~14份、牛粪20~30份、黄芪22~28份、白术10~20份、仙茅10~17份、玉竹8~15份、四季青3~7份。
进一步的,所述步骤(4)的壮果肥是30g的磷酸二氢钾兑15kg的水。
进一步的,所述步骤(4)的叶面肥是0.5%的高钾复合肥水溶液,每亩按8kg用量施用。
与现有技术相比,本发明所提供的菠萝的高产种植方法,在种植前,先后在清水、杀菌液和浸泡液中浸泡,减少病虫害的侵染,防治凋萎病,提高菠萝的产量;生长期的壮苗肥和催花肥中添加中药成分,能够有效促进肥料的释放,提高肥料性能,降低栽培成本,提高种植的经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明所提供的一种菠萝的高产种植方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)选择地势平坦、土壤肥沃、排水良好的种植地,对种植地进行翻耕,翻耕深为35~40cm,同时除去杂草;每亩施生石灰150~200kg、腐熟农家肥1000~1500kg、复合肥30~45kg;按垄宽100~120cm、垄高35~45cm、垄沟宽50~65cm起垄;
(2)选择适应性广、抗逆性强及产高质优的品种,将种苗在17~22℃清水中浸泡3~5h,自然晾干,在杀菌液中浸泡30~60min,然后再将种苗在浸泡液中浸泡3~5h,浸泡时浸泡液淹过种子即可;
(3)选择叶片宽、叶片肥厚、茎粗、叶片色泽青绿、无病虫害、生长健壮的种苗,按株行距30×50cm移栽至种植地内,扶正种苗,并用土壤和基肥的混合物压实种苗;
(4)在移栽后3~4个月,施撒一次壮苗肥;在开花15~25天后,施撒一次催花肥;在结果期,喷施一次壮果肥;定植后每个月喷洒一次叶面肥;
(5)用甲霜灵500倍液喷施或用病特灵液喷施;在开花前及结成小果后,用50%氯硝铵或波尔多液喷施。
步骤(2)的杀菌液包括如下重量份的原料:浒苔水解酶5~9份、褐藻酸酶3~5份、海藻多糖8~13份、海洋生物复合活素5~7份、槟榔4~7份、苦皮藤5~11份。
步骤(2)的浸泡液包括以下重量份的原料:车前草20~28份、天仙子10~22份、鸡蛋花8~15份、番泻叶18~25份、仙人掌10~15份、山茱萸11~20份、半夏5~12份、苦楝皮3~8份、菖蒲5~13份、硼酸7~15份、磷酸二氢钾10~22份、谷芽8~17份、EM菌剂3~5份、葡萄糖酸钙15~23份、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯1~4份、柠檬酸2~6份。
步骤(4)的壮苗肥包括以下重量份的原料:猪粪40~60份、黑土20~35份、磷矿粉20~35份、豆腐渣15~22份、葡萄糖酸锌15~25份、土壤调节剂8~15份、党参15~22份、黄芪10~18份、升麻10~15份、冬凌草5~8份。
步骤(4)的催花肥包括以下重量份的原料:氯化钾20~40份、胆矾粉末8~13份、磷酸铵10~20份、红粉3~8份、丙烯酸乙酯5~12份、硝酸钠20~28份、芒硝颗粒3~7份、钼酸铵8~13份、古龙酸母液5~14份、牛粪20~30份、黄芪22~28份、白术10~20份、仙茅10~17份、玉竹8~15份、四季青3~7份。
步骤(4)的壮果肥是30g的磷酸二氢钾兑15kg的水。
步骤(4)的叶面肥是0.5%的高钾复合肥水溶液,每亩按8kg用量施用。
实施例1
一种菠萝的高产种植方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)选择地势平坦、土壤肥沃、排水良好的种植地,对种植地进行翻耕,翻耕深为35~40cm,同时除去杂草;每亩施生石灰200kg、腐熟农家肥1300kg、复合肥45kg;按垄宽105cm、垄高35cm、垄沟宽55cm起垄;
(2)选择适应性广、抗逆性强及产高质优的品种,将种苗在20℃清水中浸泡4h,自然晾干,在杀菌液中浸泡35min,然后再将种苗在浸泡液中浸泡4h,浸泡时浸泡液淹过种子即可;
(3)选择叶片宽、叶片肥厚、茎粗、叶片色泽青绿、无病虫害、生长健壮的种苗,按株行距30×50cm移栽至种植地内,扶正种苗,并用土壤和基肥的混合物压实种苗;
(4)在移栽后3个月,施撒一次壮苗肥;在开花20天后,施撒一次催花肥;在结果期,喷施一次壮果肥;定植后每个月喷洒一次叶面肥;
(5)用甲霜灵500倍液喷施或用病特灵液喷施;在开花前及结成小果后,用50%氯硝铵或波尔多液喷施。
步骤(2)的杀菌液包括如下重量份的原料:浒苔水解酶9份、褐藻酸酶3份、海藻多糖10份、海洋生物复合活素6份、槟榔5份、苦皮藤8份。
步骤(2)的浸泡液包括以下重量份的原料:车前草25份、天仙子12份、鸡蛋花10份、番泻叶20份、仙人掌13份、山茱萸12份、半夏7份、苦楝皮5份、菖蒲6份、硼酸13份、磷酸二氢钾15份、谷芽10份、EM菌剂3份、葡萄糖酸钙22份、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯1份、柠檬酸6份。
步骤(4)的壮苗肥包括以下重量份的原料:猪粪55份、黑土25份、磷矿粉20份、豆腐渣22份、葡萄糖酸锌15份、土壤调节剂10份、党参17份、黄芪12份、升麻10份、冬凌草8份。
步骤(4)的催花肥包括以下重量份的原料:氯化钾20份、胆矾粉末13份、磷酸铵20份、红粉7份、丙烯酸乙酯11份、硝酸钠22份、芒硝颗粒5份、钼酸铵8份、古龙酸母液11份、牛粪20份、黄芪28份、白术11份、仙茅10份、玉竹15份、四季青5份。
步骤(4)的壮果肥是30g的磷酸二氢钾兑15kg的水。
步骤(4)的叶面肥是0.5%的高钾复合肥水溶液,每亩按8kg用量施用。
实施例2
一种菠萝的高产种植方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)选择地势平坦、土壤肥沃、排水良好的种植地,对种植地进行翻耕,翻耕深为35~40cm,同时除去杂草;每亩施生石灰150kg、腐熟农家肥1000kg、复合肥40kg;按垄宽120cm、垄高45cm、垄沟宽65cm起垄;
(2)选择适应性广、抗逆性强及产高质优的品种,将种苗在22℃清水中浸泡3h,自然晾干,在杀菌液中浸泡60min,然后再将种苗在浸泡液中浸泡5h,浸泡时浸泡液淹过种子即可;
(3)选择叶片宽、叶片肥厚、茎粗、叶片色泽青绿、无病虫害、生长健壮的种苗,按株行距30×50cm移栽至种植地内,扶正种苗,并用土壤和基肥的混合物压实种苗;
(4)在移栽后4个月,施撒一次壮苗肥;在开花15天后,施撒一次催花肥;在结果期,喷施一次壮果肥;定植后每个月喷洒一次叶面肥;
(5)用甲霜灵500倍液喷施或用病特灵液喷施;在开花前及结成小果后,用50%氯硝铵或波尔多液喷施。
步骤(2)的杀菌液包括如下重量份的原料:浒苔水解酶5份、褐藻酸酶5份、海藻多糖8份、海洋生物复合活素5份、槟榔7份、苦皮藤11份。
步骤(2)的浸泡液包括以下重量份的原料:车前草22份、天仙子22份、鸡蛋花11份、番泻叶18份、仙人掌10份、山茱萸18份、半夏10份、苦楝皮3份、菖蒲11份、硼酸7份、磷酸二氢钾20份、谷芽8份、EM菌剂5份、葡萄糖酸钙15份、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯4份、柠檬酸2份。
步骤(4)的壮苗肥包括以下重量份的原料:猪粪40份、黑土35份、磷矿粉35份、豆腐渣15份、葡萄糖酸锌25份、土壤调节剂15份、党参22份、黄芪18份、升麻15份、冬凌草5份。
步骤(4)的催花肥包括以下重量份的原料:氯化钾40份、胆矾粉末8份、磷酸铵10份、红粉3份、丙烯酸乙酯5份、硝酸钠28份、芒硝颗粒3份、钼酸铵13份、古龙酸母液5份、牛粪30份、黄芪22份、白术20份、仙茅17份、玉竹8份、四季青3份。
步骤(4)的壮果肥是30g的磷酸二氢钾兑15kg的水。
步骤(4)的叶面肥是0.5%的高钾复合肥水溶液,每亩按8kg用量施用。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或变型,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种菠萝的高产种植方法,其特征在于,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)选择地势平坦、土壤肥沃、排水良好的种植地,对种植地进行翻耕,翻耕深为35~40cm,同时除去杂草;每亩施生石灰150~200kg、腐熟农家肥1000~1500kg、复合肥30~45kg;按垄宽100~120cm、垄高35~45cm、垄沟宽50~65cm起垄;
(2)选择适应性广、抗逆性强及产高质优的品种,将种苗在17~22℃清水中浸泡3~5h,自然晾干,在杀菌液中浸泡30~60min,然后再将种苗在浸泡液中浸泡3~5h,浸泡时浸泡液淹过种子即可;
(3)选择叶片宽、叶片肥厚、茎粗、叶片色泽青绿、无病虫害、生长健壮的种苗,按株行距30×50cm移栽至种植地内,扶正种苗,并用土壤和基肥的混合物压实种苗;
(4)在移栽后3~4个月,施撒一次壮苗肥;在开花15~25天后,施撒一次催花肥;在结果期,喷施一次壮果肥;定植后每个月喷洒一次叶面肥;
(5)用甲霜灵500倍液喷施或用病特灵液喷施;在开花前及结成小果后,用50%氯硝铵或波尔多液喷施。
2.如权利要求1所述的菠萝的高产种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)的杀菌液包括如下重量份的原料:浒苔水解酶5~9份、褐藻酸酶3~5份、海藻多糖8~13份、海洋生物复合活素5~7份、槟榔4~7份、苦皮藤5~11份。
3.如权利要求1所述的菠萝的高产种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)的浸泡液包括以下重量份的原料:车前草20~28份、天仙子10~22份、鸡蛋花8~15份、番泻叶18~25份、仙人掌10~15份、山茱萸11~20份、半夏5~12份、苦楝皮3~8份、菖蒲5~13份、硼酸7~15份、磷酸二氢钾10~22份、谷芽8~17份、EM菌剂3~5份、葡萄糖酸钙15~23份、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯1~4份、柠檬酸2~6份。
4.如权利要求1所述的菠萝的高产种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)的壮苗肥包括以下重量份的原料:猪粪40~60份、黑土20~35份、磷矿粉20~35份、豆腐渣15~22份、葡萄糖酸锌15~25份、土壤调节剂8~15份、党参15~22份、黄芪10~18份、升麻10~15份、冬凌草5~8份。
5.如权利要求1所述的菠萝的高产种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)的催花肥包括以下重量份的原料:氯化钾20~40份、胆矾粉末8~13份、磷酸铵10~20份、红粉3~8份、丙烯酸乙酯5~12份、硝酸钠20~28份、芒硝颗粒3~7份、钼酸铵8~13份、古龙酸母液5~14份、牛粪20~30份、黄芪22~28份、白术10~20份、仙茅10~17份、玉竹8~15份、四季青3~7份。
6.如权利要求1所述的菠萝的高产种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)的壮果肥是30g的磷酸二氢钾兑15kg的水。
7.如权利要求1所述的菠萝的高产种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)的叶面肥是0.5%的高钾复合肥水溶液,每亩按8kg用量施用。
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