CN107888118B - Rectifying power supply system of asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection - Google Patents

Rectifying power supply system of asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107888118B
CN107888118B CN201711412357.0A CN201711412357A CN107888118B CN 107888118 B CN107888118 B CN 107888118B CN 201711412357 A CN201711412357 A CN 201711412357A CN 107888118 B CN107888118 B CN 107888118B
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direct current
current
asynchronous generator
main power
power supply
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CN107888118A (en
Inventor
杨璇
冯玉龙
庄伟�
李骁
周忠凯
潘志强
周瑜
王春杰
周特威
段征
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711th Research Institute of CSIC
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711th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/305Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2103/00Controlling arrangements characterised by the type of generator
    • H02P2103/10Controlling arrangements characterised by the type of generator of the asynchronous type

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

An asynchronous generator rectifying power supply system suitable for short-circuit protection comprises an asynchronous generator set, a main power rectifying device, an excitation device, a filtering device and a controller. The stator winding of the asynchronous generator set is connected with the main power rectifying device. The alternating current side of the excitation device is connected with one end of the filtering device, and the other end of the filtering device is respectively connected with the stator winding of the asynchronous generator set and the input end of the main power rectifying device. The controller is used for obtaining the output voltage u of the main power rectifying device dc And output current i dc Output voltage and output current of asynchronous generator set and direct current side voltage u of exciting device dc1 Based on the obtained value and the output current i of the main power rectifying means dc With a preset short-circuit current threshold I Threshold value And the comparison result is used for controlling the exciting device correspondingly. The invention can realize the selectivity and the quick recovery of the direct current distribution system in short circuit on the basis of not influencing the rectification performance of the generator.

Description

Rectifying power supply system of asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct-current power grid distribution system, in particular to an asynchronous generator power supply system.
Background
Along with the rapid development of electronic technology, the ship industry is paying more attention to the application of a direct current power grid on a ship, and an alternating current generator rectifying power supply system consists of an alternating current generator set, a rectifying device and a direct current bus. With the increase of system power, the short-circuit impact current exceeds the limit switching-on and switching-off capacity of the existing circuit breaker, and simultaneously exceeds a plurality of times of the normal working current of power electronic devices (such as IGBT) forming the rectifying device, once the direct-current bus short-circuit fault occurs, the alternating-current generator set is possibly stopped to cause complete power failure. Therefore, how to solve the contradiction between the selective protection when the bus is short-circuited and the vulnerability of the power electronic equipment becomes a bottleneck problem of the system development.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an asynchronous generator rectifying power supply system suitable for short-circuit protection, which solves the contradiction between the selective protection of a direct current bus in a direct current power distribution system and the vulnerability of power electronic equipment, and can realize the selectivity and the quick recovery of the direct current power distribution system in the short-circuit on the basis of not influencing the rectifying performance of a generator.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the rectification power supply system of the asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection comprises an asynchronous generator set, a main power rectification device, an excitation device, a filtering device and a controller; the stator winding of the asynchronous generator set is connected with the input end of a main power rectifying device, and the main power rectifying device is used for providing a direct current power supply for an external load; the alternating current side of the excitation device is connected with one end of the filtering device, and the other end of the filtering device is respectively connected with the stator winding of the asynchronous generator set and the input end of the main power rectifying device; the controller is used for acquiring the main power rectifying deviceOutput voltage u dc And output current i dc Output voltage and output current of asynchronous generator set and direct current side voltage u of exciting device dc1 Based on the obtained value and the output current i of the main power rectifying means dc With a preset short-circuit current threshold I Threshold value The comparison result between the two controls the exciting device correspondingly, so that in i dc <I Threshold value At the time, the output voltage u of the exciting device dc1 Stabilize at a preset first voltage, the output voltage u of the main power rectifying device dc Stabilize at a preset second voltage, at i dc ≥I Threshold value At the time, the output voltage u of the exciting device dc1 Stabilize at a preset first voltage, the output current i of the main power rectifying device dc And stabilizing at a preset current value, wherein the preset current value is smaller than the short-circuit current threshold value.
The invention has at least the following technical effects:
1. the excitation part of the asynchronous generator set is separated from the main power part, so that the main power part has the short-circuit current resistance characteristic in a short time, and the excitation part has the function of quickly adjusting the short-circuit characteristic. When a short circuit fault occurs in the system, the excitation device judges that the short circuit fault occurs by monitoring the output current of the main power rectifying device, and the direct-current voltage of the main power device is not maintained to be stable any more, but a preset current value is output for the system to realize selective protection; the instantaneous heavy current only flows through the main power rectifying device with stronger current resistance, and the exciting device is not damaged, so that the safety and the quick recovery of the system are ensured;
2. the excitation device only needs to provide the energy required by excitation of the asynchronous generator set, and does not need to bear all load power, so that the power level of the excitation device is greatly lower than the main power requirement, and the cost of the system is reduced;
3. the asynchronous generator set can realize separation of excitation and main power output by only one group of windings without specially customizing a plurality of groups of windings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the whole principle of an asynchronous generator rectifying power supply system suitable for short-circuit protection according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a specific application example of the asynchronous generator rectifying power supply system suitable for short-circuit protection according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a control schematic block diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Please refer to fig. 1. An asynchronous generator rectifying power supply system suitable for short-circuit protection according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an asynchronous generator set 1, a main power rectifying device 2, an exciting device 3, a filtering device 4 and a controller 6.
The stator winding 121 of the asynchronous generator set 1 is connected to an input of a main power rectifying device 2, the main power rectifying device 2 being adapted to provide a direct current power supply to an external load.
In the present embodiment, the asynchronous generator set 1 includes a prime mover 11 and an asynchronous generator 12 that are operated at a variable speed, and the prime mover 11 is used to drive the rotor of the asynchronous generator 12 to rotate. The prime motor 11 has a variable speed running characteristic, and can realize that the prime motor 11 always runs at an optimal oil consumption point by adjusting the rotating speed under different powers, so that the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved. The prime mover 11 may be, for example, an internal combustion engine operated at a variable speed. The rotor of the asynchronous generator 12 is of the squirrel cage type or wound rotor type. The output of the main power rectifier 2 is connected to a dc bus 5 via a dc switch 7. The main power rectifying device is an uncontrolled rectifying device or a half-controlled rectifying device and consists of a rectifying bridge and a voltage stabilizing capacitor connected in parallel with the output end of the rectifying bridge. The main power rectifying device 2 adopts an uncontrolled rectifying device or a semi-controlled rectifying device, so that the cost of a diode or a thyristor is lower, the high-current resistance capability is stronger, and the device is more suitable for high-power operation. The dc switch 7 adopts a dc switch with active breaking and closing capability, such as a dc breaker or an electronic switch, and the dc switch 7 is controlled by a system comprehensive fault protection device or other similar devices, and is connected between the main power rectifying device 2 and the dc bus 5 of the dc power distribution system.
The ac side of the excitation device 3 is connected to one end of the filter device 4, and the other end of the filter device 4 is connected to the stator winding 121 of the asynchronous generator set 1 and the input end of the main power rectifying device 2, respectively. In the present embodiment, the exciting device 3 includes a full-control rectifier bridge 31, an energy storage capacitor C2, and a pre-excitation power supply 33. The ac side of the full-control rectifier bridge 31 is connected with one end of the filter device 4, the energy storage capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the dc side of the full-control rectifier bridge 31, and the pre-excitation power supply 33 is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor C2 and is used for providing excitation voltage required by the start of the asynchronous generator set.
The controller 6 is used for obtaining the output voltage u of the main power rectifying device 2 dc And output current i dc Output voltage and output current of asynchronous generator set 1, DC side voltage u of exciting device 3 dc1 Based on the obtained value and the output current i of the main power rectifying means 2 dc With a preset short-circuit current threshold I Threshold value The result of the comparison between them controls the excitation device 3 accordingly so that at i dc <I Threshold value At this time, the DC side voltage u of the exciting device 3 dc1 Stabilize at a preset first voltage, the output voltage u of the main power rectifying device 2 dc Stabilize at a preset second voltage, at i dc ≥I Threshold value At the time, the DC side voltage u of the exciting device dc1 Stabilize at a preset first voltage, the output current i of the main power rectifying device 2 dc And stabilizing at a preset current value, wherein the preset current value is smaller than the short-circuit current threshold value. In a specific embodiment, the preset first voltage may be, for example, 1.5 times the line voltage of the asynchronous generator 12.
At i dc ≥I Threshold value When a short-circuit fault occurs in the system, the controller 6 adjusts the output current i of the main power rectifying device 2 by controlling the full-control rectifying bridge 31 of the exciting device 3 after judging the short-circuit fault dc The size of the system meets the requirement of system selectivity judgment. In the normal operation of the system, the controller 6 controls the full-control rectifier bridge 31 of the exciting device 3 to make the output voltage u of the main power rectifying device 2 dc Remain stableThereby providing a stable dc voltage to the dc bus 5.
According to the rectification power supply system of the asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, a single power supply can be used for supplying power to a load, a plurality of power supplies can be connected in parallel to supply power to the system, and the power supplies can be connected in parallel with other energy storage systems and power supply equipment to supply power to the system.
In this embodiment, the stator winding 121 of the asynchronous generator set 1 is composed of m-phase windings, each phase winding adopts a mutual shift 360/m angle connection method, the main power rectifying device 2 is an m-phase rectifying device, the full-control rectifying bridge 31 of the exciting device 3 is an m-phase full-control rectifying bridge, and m=3n, n is a positive integer.
In the example of fig. 2, the asynchronous generator 12 of the asynchronous generator set 1 is a three-phase asynchronous generator. The main power rectifying device 2 is a three-phase uncontrolled rectifying device or a three-phase half-controlled rectifying device. The full-control rectifier bridge 31 of the excitation device 3 is a three-phase full-control rectifier bridge, and the filtering device 4 is composed of three-phase filtering inductors. The output voltage vabc and the output current iabc of the three-phase asynchronous generator are shown in fig. 2. In the example of fig. 2, the pre-excitation power supply 33 includes a dc power supply 331 and a diode 332, where the positive terminal of the dc power supply 331 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode 332, the negative terminal of the diode 332 is connected to one terminal of the energy storage capacitor C2, and the negative terminal of the dc power supply 331 is connected to the other terminal of the energy storage capacitor C2. When the asynchronous generator starts, the direct current power supply 331 provides power for the full-control rectifier bridge 31 through the diode 332, so as to provide excitation power for the asynchronous generator, and when the output voltage of the three-phase asynchronous generator is established and the voltage of the direct current side of the full-control rectifier bridge 31 is stable, the diode 332 prevents the direct current power supply 331 from providing energy again. The diode 332 may be replaced by a control switch, which is closed when the asynchronous generator is started, and opened when the voltage on the dc side of the fully controlled rectifier bridge 31 is stabilized.
Fig. 3 shows a control schematic block diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the invention. The controller 6 includes a first direct current regulator 61, a second direct current regulator 62, a direct current regulator 63, a short circuit judgment module 64, a selection control module 65, a coordinate conversion module 66, a current loop controller 67, and a modulation module 68.
The first DC voltage regulator 61 is used for obtaining the DC side voltage u of the exciting device dc1 With a given excitation device DC side voltage U * dc1 Generates a DC current active component set value i * d . The second DC voltage regulator 62 is used for rectifying the device output voltage u according to the acquired main power dc With a given main power rectifier output voltage U * dc Generates a DC current reactive component setpoint i * q . The DC current regulator 63 is used for rectifying the device output current i according to the obtained main power dc With a given main power rectifying means output current I * dc Generates a DC current reactive component setpoint i * q . The short circuit judging module 64 is used for obtaining the output current i of the main power rectifying device dc With a preset short-circuit current threshold I Threshold value A comparison is made. The selection control module 65 is used for selectively controlling the second DC voltage regulator 62 or the DC current regulator 63 to operate according to the comparison result of the short circuit judgment module 64 and outputting the given value i of the reactive component of the DC current generated by the second DC voltage regulator 62 or the DC current regulator 63 * q The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein if i dc <I Threshold value The selection control module 65 controls the second dc voltage regulator 62 to operate and outputs a given value i of the reactive component of the dc current generated by the second dc voltage regulator 62 * q The dc current regulator 63 does not operate; if i dc ≥I Threshold value When the direct current regulator 63 is in operation, the selection control module 65 controls the direct current regulator 63 to operate and outputs a given value i of the reactive component of the direct current generated by the direct current regulator 63 * q The second dc voltage regulator 62 is not operated. The coordinate transformation module 66 is used for transforming the acquired alternating current output current of the asynchronous generator set into a direct current active component i under a rotating coordinate system according to the phase angle of the output voltage of the asynchronous generator set d And a reactive component i of the direct current q . The current loop controller 67 is based on the active component i of the DC current d With a given value i of the active component of the direct current generated by the first direct voltage regulator 61 * d Is a comparison of the reactive components i of the direct current q And the given value i of reactive component of DC current output by the selection control module 65 * q Generates a voltage adjustment command. The modulation module 68 is configured to generate PWM signals for controlling the switching devices of the fully-controlled rectifier bridge 31 according to the phase angle of the output voltage of the asynchronous generator set and the voltage adjustment command.
In the present embodiment, PI regulators may be used for the first dc voltage regulator 61, the second dc voltage regulator 62, the dc current regulator 63, and the current loop controller 67. Taking the first dc voltage regulator 61 as an example, the obtained dc side voltage u of the exciting device dc1 With a given excitation device DC side voltage U * dc1 After the difference is made, PI regulation is carried out by the first direct current regulator 61 to obtain the set value i of the active component of the direct current * d
The above control method is merely illustrative and not restrictive, and other control methods may be adopted for the controller 6.
The rectification power supply system of the asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, belongs to a power generation part in a marine direct-current power distribution system, provides stable direct-current voltage for the marine direct-current power distribution system, has the capability of running in parallel with other power generation parts, and particularly has the capability of resisting instant short-circuit current impact and recovering power after removing faults during short-circuit.

Claims (10)

1. The rectification power supply system of the asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection is characterized by comprising an asynchronous generator set, a main power rectification device, an excitation device, a filtering device and a controller;
the stator winding of the asynchronous generator set is connected with the input end of the main power rectifying device, and the main power rectifying device is used for providing a direct current power supply for an external load;
the alternating current side of the excitation device is connected with one end of the filtering device, and the other end of the filtering device is respectively connected with the stator winding of the asynchronous generator set and the input end of the main power rectifying device;
the controller is used for obtaining the output voltage u of the main power rectifying device dc And output current i dc Output voltage and output current of the asynchronous generator set and direct-current side voltage u of the excitation device dc1 Based on the obtained value and the output current i of the main power rectifying means dc With a preset short-circuit current threshold I Threshold value The comparison result between the two is used for controlling the exciting device correspondingly so that the exciting device is controlled in the following way dc <I Threshold value At the time, the output voltage u of the exciting device dc1 Stabilize at a preset first voltage, the output voltage u of the main power rectifying device dc Stabilize at a preset second voltage, at i dc ≥I Threshold value At the time, the output voltage u of the exciting device dc1 Stabilizing the output current i of the main power rectifying device at the preset first voltage dc And stabilizing at a preset current value, wherein the preset current value is smaller than the short-circuit current threshold value.
2. The rectified power supply system for an asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection according to claim 1, wherein the exciting device comprises a full-control rectifier bridge, an energy storage capacitor and a pre-excitation power supply;
the alternating current side of the full-control rectifier bridge is connected with one end of the filtering device, the energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel with the direct current side of the full-control rectifier bridge, and the pre-excitation power supply is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor and is used for providing excitation voltage required by the starting of the asynchronous generator set;
the controller is used for controlling the work of the full-control rectifier bridge.
3. The asynchronous generator rectifying power supply system suitable for short-circuit protection according to claim 2, wherein the pre-excitation power supply comprises a direct current power supply and a diode, the positive end of the direct current power supply is connected with the positive electrode of the diode, the negative electrode of the diode is connected with one end of the energy storage capacitor, and the negative end of the direct current power supply is connected with the other end of the energy storage capacitor.
4. The asynchronous generator rectified power supply system suitable for short circuit protection according to claim 2, wherein the controller comprises:
a first DC voltage regulator for obtaining DC side voltage u of the exciting device dc1 With a given excitation device DC side voltage U * dc1 Generates a DC current active component set value i * d
A second DC voltage regulator for rectifying the output voltage u according to the obtained main power dc With a given main power rectifier output voltage U * dc Generates a DC current reactive component setpoint i * q
A DC current regulator for rectifying the device output current i according to the obtained main power dc With a given main power rectifying means output current I * dc Generates a DC current reactive component setpoint i * q
A short circuit judging module for judging the obtained output current i of the main power rectifying device dc With a preset short-circuit current threshold I Threshold value Comparing;
the selection control module is used for selectively controlling the second direct current regulator or the direct current regulator to operate according to the comparison result of the short circuit judgment module and outputting a given value i of the reactive component of the direct current generated by the second direct current regulator or the direct current regulator * q The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein if i dc <I Threshold value The selection control module controls the second direct current voltage regulator to operate and outputs a given value i of reactive component of direct current generated by the second direct current voltage regulator * q If i dc ≥I Threshold value When the direct current reactive component is in a preset state, the selection control module controls the direct current regulator to operate and outputs a direct current reactive component set value i generated by the direct current regulator * q
The coordinate transformation module is used for obtaining the output voltage according to the phase angle of the output voltage of the asynchronous generator setThe alternating current output current of the asynchronous generator set is converted into a direct current active component i under a rotating coordinate system d And a reactive component i of the direct current q
A current loop controller for controlling the current loop according to the active component i of the direct current d With a given value i of the active component of the direct current generated by the first direct current regulator * d Is used for comparing the reactive power component i of the direct current q And the given value i of reactive component of direct current output by the selection control module * q Generating a voltage adjustment command;
and the modulation module is used for generating PWM signals for controlling all switching devices of the full-control rectifier bridge according to the phase angle and the voltage adjustment instruction.
5. The asynchronous generator rectified power supply system suitable for short circuit protection according to claim 4, wherein the first direct current regulator, the second direct current regulator, the direct current regulator and the current loop controller are all PI regulators.
6. The rectified power supply system for an asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the main power rectifying device is an uncontrolled rectifying device or a semi-controlled rectifying device.
7. The rectifying power supply system of an asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection according to claim 2, wherein the stator winding of the asynchronous generator set consists of m-phase windings, the main power rectifying device is an m-phase rectifying device, the full-control rectifying bridge of the exciting device is an m-phase full-control rectifying bridge, and m=3n is a positive integer.
8. The rectified power supply system for an asynchronous generator for short circuit protection according to claim 1, wherein the asynchronous generator set comprises a prime mover and an asynchronous generator operated at a variable speed, and the prime mover is used to drive a rotor of the asynchronous generator to rotate.
9. The rectified power supply system for an asynchronous generator for short-circuit protection according to claim 8, wherein a rotor of the asynchronous generator is in a squirrel cage type or a wound type.
10. The rectified power supply system for an asynchronous generator suitable for short-circuit protection according to claim 1, wherein the output end of the main power rectifying device is connected with a direct current bus through a direct current switch.
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CN109193567B (en) * 2018-09-30 2020-10-02 深圳市汇川技术股份有限公司 Ground short circuit protection method, motor controller and computer readable storage medium
CN111064403A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-24 绍兴市上虞区理工高等研究院 Circuit control method and device based on excitation system
CN114079280B (en) * 2020-08-11 2023-01-20 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所 Power supply device and ship with same

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