CN107887512A - 一种钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构、制备方法以及应用 - Google Patents
一种钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构、制备方法以及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钙钛矿太阳能电池,其结构自下而上为,ITO玻璃、阳极修饰层、活性层、阴极修饰层、阴极,其中采用无毒的锡元素部分替代有毒的铅元素,得到FAPbI3和FASnI3构成的活性层,降低了钙钛矿太阳能电池的毒性,有利于发展环境友好型的钙钛矿太阳能电池,并且由于锡元素的加入,吸光范围变宽,钙钛矿太阳能电池的外量子效率显著提高,得到了更大的光电流,能够使得电池保持高的光电转换效率,并且适合应用在光探测器中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能电池的结构、制备方法以及应用,尤其涉及一种钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构、制备方法以及应用。
背景技术
随着化石燃料日益枯竭,能源问题成为人们越来越关注的问题。太阳能作为一种可再生能源,并且是一种清洁能源,受到人们的青睐。目前,太阳能电池是应用最为广泛的一种利用太阳能的形式。近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池异军突起,成为太阳能电池家族最受关注的新星。钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率不断刷新纪录,目前最高的转化效率已经可以到22%左右。钙钛矿太阳能电池能够采用溶液法制备,适合低成本、大面积的制备工艺,并且能够制备于柔性衬底上,得到可弯曲的太阳能电池。
虽然钙钛矿电池展现了惊人的效率,并且可以预见其光电转化效率仍然有望进一步提升,科学家近来发现,钙钛矿太阳能电池的转化效率或可以达到50%,但是由于钙钛矿太阳能电池的活性层含有毒性强的铅成分(如图1所示),对日后应用钙钛矿太阳能电池产生了环保方面的挑战,如何降低钙钛矿活性层的毒性,成为钙钛矿太阳能电池的一个发展方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种钙钛矿太阳能电池,其具有低毒性、宽吸收光谱。
所述钙钛矿太阳能电池的器件结构自下而上包括衬底、阳极、阳极修饰层、活性层、阴极修饰层、阴极。
所述衬底为玻璃,所述阳极为ITO,所述阳极修饰层为PEDOT:PSS,所述阴极修饰层为两层,自下而上为PCBM、BCP,所述阴极为银。
所述钙钛矿太阳能电池的活性层采用无毒的锡元素替代部分铅元素,得到一种低毒性的钙钛矿太阳能电池。
所述低毒性的钙钛矿太阳能电池的活性层为FAPbI3和FASnI3。
所述低毒性的钙钛矿太阳能电池还具有宽吸收光谱。
本发明提供一种钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)清洗衬底;
2)旋涂PEDOT:PSS;
3)用一步法旋涂钙钛矿活性层,得到钙钛矿层为(FAPbI3)0.75(FASnI3)0.25;
4)旋涂PCBM;
5)蒸镀BCP;
6)蒸镀银。
本发明还提供了一种基于上述钙钛矿太阳能电池的光探测器。
本发明采用锡替代钙钛矿活性层中的部分铅,得到(FAPbI3)0.75(FASnI3)0.25的钙钛矿层,使得钙钛矿太阳能电池的毒性显著降低,有利于未来的环境友好型的产业需求。另一方面,(FAPbI3)0.75(FASnI3)0.25的吸收光谱相对于纯的FAPbI3更宽,使得含有(FAPbI3)0.75(FASnI3)0.25的电池的外量子效率得到显著提高,增大了钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电流,有利于太阳能电池保持高的光电转换效率,另一方面,也使该钙钛矿太阳能电池有利于制备光响应更强的光探测器。
附图说明
图1是传统的钙钛矿太阳能电池的器件结构。
图2是本发明实施例的钙钛矿太阳能电池的器件结构。
图3是本发明实施例的钙钛矿太阳能电池的外量子效率测试曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的阐释。
1、首先清洗衬底6:使用玻璃洗涤剂对ITO玻璃衬底进行初步清洁,在去离子水、丙酮、异丙醇中对衬底各超声10分钟,然后用氮气吹干,在紫外臭氧清洗机中处理15分钟;
2、旋涂阳极修饰层5:将PEDOT:PSS溶液进行旋涂,匀胶机转速3000rpm,时间为30秒,然后140℃热退火10分钟;
3、旋涂活性层4:FAPbI3、FASnI3的溶剂都使用DMSO,FAPbI3溶液与FASnI3溶液以3∶1体积比混合,然后采用一步法旋涂混合溶液,转速为2000rpm,时间为60s,然后立刻使用氯苯萃取,转速5000rpm,时间为30s,再以100℃热退火30min,得到(FAPbI3)0.75(FASnI3)0.25的活性层,其中Pb和Sn的摩尔比例为3∶1;
4、旋涂阴极修饰层3:PCBM溶液浓度为20mg/ml,溶剂为氯苯,转速为3000rpm,时间为30s;
5、制备阴极修饰层2:蒸镀BCP粉末,速度为0.01nm/s,厚度为5nm;
6、制备阴极1:蒸镀银,速度为0.1nm/s,厚度为80nm。
利用上述方法得到了如图2所示的太阳能电池结构,自下而上为:ITO玻璃、阳极修饰层PEDOT:PSS、活性层阴极(FAPbI3)0.75(FASnI3)0.25、修饰层(PCBM、BCP)、阴极银。
图3显示了纯FAPbI3和(FAPbI3)0.75(FASnI3)0.25构成的钙钛矿太阳能电池的外量子效率(EQE)测试结果,可以看出含(FAPbI3)0.75(FASnI3)0.25的EQE明显高于纯FAPbI3的电池,其吸收光谱变宽,由EQE测试曲线积分得到的电流可以达到23.79mA/cm2,高于纯FAPbI3的电池的16.07mA/cm2。
基于上述器件结构,还得到了一种光探测器。
本发明制备得到了一种低铅宽吸收光谱的太阳能电池,并进一步应用到光探测器中,对发展环境友好、性能优良的太阳能电池以及光探测器不无裨益。
Claims (6)
1.一种钙钛矿太阳能电池,其特征在于:自下而上包括衬底、阳极、阳极修饰层、活性层、阴极修饰层、阴极,其中活性层中用无毒的锡成分部分代替有毒的铅成分,形成含锡和铅成分的活性层。
2.如权利要求1所述的钙钛矿太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述含锡和铅成分的活性层为FAPbI3和FASnI3。
3.如权利要求2所述的钙钛矿太阳能电池,其特征在于,锡和铅的摩尔比例为1∶3。
4.如权利要求3所述的钙钛矿太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述衬底为玻璃,所述阳极为ITO,所述阳极修饰层为PEDOT:PSS,所述阴极修饰层为两层,自下而上为PCBM、BCP,所述阴极为银。
5.一种如权利要求1-4所述的钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)用洗涤剂对ITO玻璃进行初步清洁,依次用去离子水、丙酮、异丙醇对ITO玻璃衬底超声清洗10分钟,然后用氮气吹干衬底,紫外臭氧清洗机处理15分钟;
2)用匀胶机旋涂PEDOT:PSS,转速为3000rpm,时间为30,然后在140℃热退火10分钟;
3)用一步法旋涂钙钛矿活性层,转速2000rpm,时间60s,然后立刻进行氯苯萃取,转速5000rpm,时间30s,然后100℃热退火30min;
4)旋涂PCBM,浓度为20mg/ml,溶剂为氯苯,转速3000rpm,时间30s;
5)蒸镀BCP,BCP厚度5nm;
6)蒸镀银,银厚度80nm。
6.一种光探测器,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1-4所述的钙钛矿太阳能电池的器件结构。
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CN111446375B (zh) * | 2020-03-09 | 2023-05-23 | 浙江师范大学 | 苯二酚修饰的钙钛矿太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
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