CN107886221B - Task allocation method for worker-oriented natural groups in crowdsourcing system - Google Patents
Task allocation method for worker-oriented natural groups in crowdsourcing system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a task allocation method facing to a worker natural group in a crowdsourcing system, which changes the object of complex crowdsourcing task allocation from the former individual worker into the worker natural group. Compared with the crowdsourcing task allocation method facing individual workers, the crowdsourcing task allocation method facing natural groups of workers has the following advantages: 1) workers in the same natural group of workers can better cooperate in performing a new complex crowd-sourced task due to common characteristics and cooperation experience; 2) since the worker natural groups are naturally formed by social relationships, the task assignment method for the worker natural groups can more effectively utilize the natural social relationships among workers for cooperation than the crowdsourcing task assignment method for individual workers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crowdsourcing systems, in particular to a task allocation method facing to a natural group of workers in the crowdsourcing system.
Background
In the traditional crowdsourcing system, a common method for solving the complex task is to decompose the complex task into a series of simple subtasks, then distribute each subtask to proper workers, allow the workers to independently complete the simple subtasks, and finally integrate the execution results of the simple subtasks. The method is a crowd-sourced task allocation method for individual workers. However, it is not all that a complex task can be decomposed into simple subtasks, or it is a complicated matter to decompose some complex tasks into simple subtasks per se, and the crowd-sourced task allocation method for individual workers only considers the individual skills of the workers and ignores the social relationship and cooperation among the workers. In a practical crowdsourcing system, many workers form many natural groups due to different social relationships, such as development groups of open source software, Java interest groups, and the like. In order to utilize social relations and cooperative behaviors among workers, the patent provides a task allocation method facing to a worker natural group in a crowdsourcing system. In real life, workers naturally form individual natural groups of workers according to social relationships, workers in the same natural group of workers can better cooperate when performing a new complex crowdsourcing task because of common characteristics and cooperation experience, and secondly, as the natural groups of workers are naturally formed by social relationships, the task allocation method for the natural groups of workers can more effectively utilize the natural social relationships among the workers to cooperate compared with a crowdsourcing task allocation method for individual workers.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and changes the object of complicated crowd-sourced task distribution from the former individual workers into a natural group of workers. Compared with the crowdsourcing task allocation method facing individual workers, the crowdsourcing task allocation method facing natural groups of workers can utilize the cooperation among workers and can adapt to a complex and changeable crowdsourcing system.
The solution of the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a task allocation method for a worker-oriented natural group in a crowdsourcing system mainly comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a crowdsourcing system model facing to a worker natural group; (2) calculating crowdsourcing value of a worker natural group; (3) core worker natural group selection and crowd-sourced task allocation.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the step of establishing the crowdsourcing system model facing to the natural group of workers in step (1) is as follows:
(1.1) data input: a complex task t with budget btThe required skill set is St. n natural groups of workers: g ═ GiI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n. For worker natural group GiEach worker w inixHis minimum required payroll is gammaixHis skill set is Six. For worker natural group GiEvery two workers w inixAnd wiy，dix,iyAre their communication costs.
(1.2) crowdsourcing system model facing worker natural groups: we model the whole process as a task-assigned process. In order to complete a complex task t, a natural group of workers most suitable for the task is selected, namely the natural group of workers is selected by comprehensively considering skills, minimum requirements of workers, wages and communication cost among the workers, and then an appropriate subset of workers is selected from the natural group of workers to really perform the task.
(1.3) problem description and constraints: here we use WGi(t) to represent a natural group GiOf the task is selected as the subset of workers that actually perform the task,
our problem is defined as formula (a), i.e. we want to select a natural group of workers: it is to meet the skill requirements of the task, while its minimum requirements for wages and communication costs between workers are as low as possible. Considering that a task has its own budget, we define constraints as shown in equation (B), which means that the minimum required payroll of the subset of workers in our selected natural group of workers who actually perform the task cannot exceed the budget of the task to be completed.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the step (2) of calculating the crowdsourcing value of the natural group of workers comprises the following steps:
the main idea of crowd-sourced value calculation of a worker's natural group is: firstly, a proper worker subset is found according to the skill of workers, the minimum required wages of the workers, the communication consumption among the workers and task information, and then the crowdsourcing value of the natural group of the workers is calculated according to the worker subset.
(2.1) Defining the central degree value of workers in the group: given a worker natural group GiFor worker w in the groupixHis within-group center-of-gravity value is defined as shown in formula (C), where dix,iyIs a worker wixAnd wiyCommunication cost, | GiIs group GiThe number of middle workers.
(2.2) initial crowdsourcing value definition of workers in the group: given a worker natural group GiA crowd-sourced task t for worker w in the groupixThe initial crowdsourcing value of he relative to task t is defined as shown in formula (D), where γixIs his minimum required payroll, SixIs a set of his skills and,
is the worker w calculated by the formula (C)ixB central degree value in the grouptIs the budget of task t, StIs the skill set for task t.
(2.3) auxiliary crowdsourcing value definition of workers in the group: given a worker natural group GiFor worker w in the groupixHis auxiliary crowdsourcing value is defined as shown in formula (E), where γixIs his minimum required payroll, SixIs his skill set, dix,iyIs a worker wixAnd wiyThe communication cost of (a) is high,
is the set of workers currently selected to be in the future to perform task t, | WGi(t) | is WGi(t) number of workers, S'tIs what task t remains has not yet been driven from WGi(t) the set of skills that is satisfied, i.e.
StIs the skill set of task t, btIs the budget for task t.
(2.4) calculating the initial crowdsourcing value of each worker in the group according to the formula (D), and then selecting the worker with the maximum initial crowdsourcing value in the group as the group leader, which is denoted as wil。
(2.5)b＝0，S’t＝St-Sil，WGi(t)＝{wil}，Temp_Gi＝Gi-WGi(t)。
(2.6) judgment Condition (S'tNot empty and b is 0), if yes, performing step (2.7); if not, executing step (2.11).
(2.7) for Temp _ GiThe workers in (4) calculate their auxiliary crowdsourcing values according to formula (E), and select the worker with the maximum auxiliary crowdsourcing value, which is marked as wi*。
(2.8) update Temp _ Gi：Temp_Gi＝Temp_Gi-{wi*}。
(2.9) determination of Condition (S)i*∩S’tNot empty) is satisfied, and if so, S't＝S’t-Si*，WGi(t)＝WGi(t)+{wi*}; if not, b is 1.
(2.10) determination of the Condition (Temp _ G)iNull), if so, b is 1. Jump to step (2.6).
(2.11) outputting the worker set WGi(t)。
(2.12) worker natural group crowdsourcing value definition: given a worker natural group GiAnd a task t, StIs the skill set of task t, btIs the budget for task t. The crowd-sourced value of a natural group of workers is defined as formula (F), where α1、α2And alpha3Are three parameters, WGi(t) is the set of workers of (2.11) output, γixIs a worker wixMinimum required payroll of SixIs a worker wixSkill set of dix,iyIs a worker wixAnd wiyThe communication cost of (2).
(2.13) gathering W according to workersGi(t) and formula (F) calculate the crowd-sourced value of the worker's natural group for task t.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the step (3) of selecting a natural group of core workers and allocating a crowdsourcing task includes the following steps:
the main ideas of core worker natural group selection and crowd-sourced task allocation are: the natural group of workers with the least crowdsourcing value and the least payroll required by the workers and without exceeding the task budget is selected as the core natural group of workers. And (3) allocating tasks to the subset of workers in the natural group of core workers selected in the step (2).
(3.1)b＝0，n＝1，Gtemp＝G。
(3.2) determining whether the condition (b ═ 0 and n < | G |) is satisfied, and if so, performing step (3.3), and if not, performing step (3.7).
(3.3) selecting the worker natural group with the maximum crowdsourcing value, and marking as G*。
(3.4) update Gtemp：Gtemp＝Gtemp-G*。
(3.5) judgment conditions
And if so, b is 1.
(3.6) n ═ n +1, jump to step (3.2).
(3.7) according to G*Output WG*(t)。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1) workers in the same natural group of workers can better cooperate in performing a new complex crowd-sourced task due to common characteristics and cooperation experience; 2) since the worker natural groups are naturally formed by social relationships, the task assignment method for the worker natural groups can cooperate with each other more effectively using the natural social relationships among workers than the crowd-sourced task assignment method for individual workers.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is clear that the described figures are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments, and that a person skilled in the art can also derive other designs and figures from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 and 2 are flow charts of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure, and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features, and the effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, all the coupling/connection relationships mentioned herein do not mean that the components are directly connected, but mean that a better coupling structure can be formed by adding or reducing coupling accessories according to specific implementation conditions. All technical characteristics in the invention can be interactively combined on the premise of not conflicting with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a task allocation method facing a natural group of workers in a crowdsourcing system of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) establishing a crowdsourcing system model facing to a worker natural group;
(2) calculating the crowdsourcing value of the worker natural group, as shown in fig. 1;
(3) core worker natural group selection and crowd-sourced task allocation are shown in fig. 2.
The crowdsourcing system model establishing step (1) facing to the worker natural group comprises the following steps:
(1.1) data input: a complex task t with budget btThe required skill set is St. n natural groups of workers: g ═ GiI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n. For worker natural group GiEach worker w inixHis minimum required payroll is gammaixHis skill set is Six. For worker natural group GiEvery two workers w inixAnd wiy，dix,iyAre their communication costs.
(1.2) crowdsourcing system model facing worker natural groups: we model the whole process as a task-assigned process. In order to complete a complex task t, a natural group of workers most suitable for the task is selected, namely the natural group of workers is selected by comprehensively considering skills, minimum requirements of workers, wages and communication cost among the workers, and then an appropriate subset of workers is selected from the natural group of workers to really perform the task.
(1.3) problem description and constraints: here we use WGi(t) to represent group GiOf the task is selected as the subset of workers that actually perform the task,
our problem is defined as formula (a), i.e. we want to select a natural group of workers: it is to meet the skill requirements of the task, while its minimum requirements for wages and communication costs between workers are as low as possible. Considering that a task has its own budget, we define constraints as shown in equation (B), which means that the sum of the minimum required wages of the subset of workers in our selected natural group of workers who really perform the task cannot exceed the one to be completedThe budget of the task.
Further as a preferred embodiment, the step (2) of calculating the crowdsourcing value of the natural group of workers comprises the following steps:
the main idea of crowd-sourced value calculation of a worker's natural group is: firstly, a proper worker subset is found according to the skill of workers, the minimum required wages of the workers, the communication consumption among the workers and task information, and then the crowdsourcing value of the natural group of the workers is calculated according to the worker subset.
(2.1) defining the central degree value of workers in the group: given a worker natural group GiFor worker w in the groupixHis within-group center-of-gravity value is defined as shown in formula (C), where dix,iyIs a worker wixAnd wiyCommunication cost, | GiIs group GiThe number of middle workers.
(2.2) initial crowdsourcing value definition of workers in the group: given a worker natural group GiA crowd-sourced task t for worker w in the groupixThe initial crowdsourcing value of he relative to task t is defined as shown in formula (D), where γixIs his minimum required payroll, SixIs a set of his skills and,
is the worker w calculated by the formula (C)ixB central degree value in the grouptIs the budget of task t, StIs the skill set for task t.
(2.3) auxiliary crowdsourcing value definition of workers in the group: given a worker natural group GiFor worker w in the groupixHis auxiliary crowdsourcing value is defined as shown in formula (E), where γixIs his minimum required payroll, SixIs his skill set, dix,iyIs a worker wixAnd wiyThe communication cost of (a) is high,
is the set of workers currently selected to be in the future to perform task t, | WGi(t) | is WGi(t) number of workers, S'tIs what task t remains has not yet been driven from WGi(t) the set of skills that is satisfied, i.e.
StIs the skill set of task t, btIs the budget for task t.
(2.4) calculating the initial crowdsourcing value of each worker in the group according to the formula (D), and then selecting the worker with the maximum initial crowdsourcing value in the group as the group leader, which is denoted as wil。
(2.5)b＝0，S’t＝St-Sil，WGi(t)＝{wil}，Temp_Gi＝Gi-WGi(t)。
(2.6) judgment Condition (S'tNot empty and b is 0), if yes, performing step (2.7); if not, executing step (2.11).
(2.7) for Temp _ GiThe workers in (4) calculate their auxiliary crowdsourcing values according to formula (E), and select the worker with the maximum auxiliary crowdsourcing value, which is marked as wi*。
(2.8) update Temp _ Gi：Temp_Gi＝Temp_Gi-{wi*}。
(2.9) determination of Condition (S)i*∩S’tNot empty) is satisfied, and if so, S't＝S’t-Si*，WGi(t)＝WGi(t)+{wi*}; if not, b is 1.
(2.10) determination of the Condition (Temp _ G)iNull), if so, b is 1. Jump to step (2.6).
(2.11) outputting the worker set WGi(t)。
(2.12) worker natural group crowdsourcing value definition: given a worker natural group GiAnd a task t, StIs the skill set of task t, btIs the budget for task t. The crowd-sourced value of a natural group of workers is defined as formula (F), where α1、α2And alpha3Are three parameters, WGi(t) is the set of workers of (2.11) output, γixIs a worker wixMinimum required payroll of SixIs a worker wixSkill set of dix,iyIs a worker wixAnd wiyThe communication cost of (2).
(2.13) gathering W according to workersGi(t) and formula (F) calculate the crowd-sourced value of the worker's natural group for task t.
Further as a preferred embodiment, the step (3) of selecting the natural group of the core workers and allocating the crowdsourcing task comprises the following steps:
the main ideas of core worker natural group selection and crowd-sourced task allocation are: the natural group of workers with the least crowdsourcing value and the least payroll required by the workers and without exceeding the task budget is selected as the core natural group of workers. And (3) allocating tasks to the subset of workers in the natural group of core workers selected in the step (2).
(3.1)b＝0，n＝1，Gtemp＝G。
(3.2) determining whether the condition (b ═ 0 and n < | G |) is satisfied, and if so, performing step (3.3), and if not, performing step (3.7).
(3.3) selecting the worker natural group with the maximum crowdsourcing value, and marking as G*。
(3.4) update Gtemp：Gtemp＝Gtemp-G*。
(3.5) judgment conditions
And if so, b is 1.
(3.6) n ═ n +1, jump to step (3.2).
(3.7) according to G*Output WG*(t)。
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments shown and described, but is capable of numerous equivalents and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention and its scope is defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (3)
1. A task allocation method facing to a worker natural group in a crowdsourcing system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing a crowdsourcing system model facing to a worker natural group;
(2) calculating the crowdsourcing value of the worker natural group, wherein the crowdsourcing value is used for measuring the probability of the worker natural group being assigned with the task;
(3) selecting a core worker natural group and distributing tasks;
the crowdsourcing system model establishing step (1) facing to the worker natural group comprises the following steps:
(1.1) data input: one task t with budget btThe required skill set is StN natural groups of workers: g ═ GiI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and for a worker natural group GiEach worker w inixHis minimum required payroll is gammaixHis skill set is SixFor the worker natural group GiEvery two workers w inixAnd wiy，dix,iyIs their communication cost;
(1.2) crowdsourcing system model facing worker natural groups: modeling the whole process as a task allocation process; in order to complete the task t, firstly, a natural group of workers most suitable for the task is selected, namely, the natural group of workers is selected by comprehensively considering skills, minimum required wages of the workers and communication consumption among the workers, and then a proper subset of the workers is selected from the natural group of workers to really perform the task;
(1.3) problem description and constraints: by WGi(t) to represent a natural group GiOf which a subset of workers that are selected to actually perform task t,
the problem is defined as formula (a), i.e. a natural group of workers is selected: it is to meet the skill requirements of the task, while its minimum required wages for workers and communication costs between workers are as low as possible, considering that the task has its own budget, so defining constraints as shown in formula (B), which means that the sum of the minimum required wages of a subset of workers in the selected natural group of workers who actually perform the task cannot exceed the budget of the task to be completed;
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the task assignment method for the natural group of workers in the crowdsourcing system comprises: the step (2) of calculating the crowdsourcing value of the worker natural group comprises the following steps:
(2.1) defining the central degree value of workers in the group: given a worker natural group GiFor worker w in the groupixHis within-group center-of-gravity value is defined as shown in formula (C), where dix,iyIs a worker wixAnd wiyCommunication cost, | GiI is the natural group GiThe number of middle workers;
(2.2) initial crowdsourcing value definition of workers in the group: given a worker natural group GiOne task t, for worker w in the groupixThe initial crowdsourcing value of he relative to task t is defined as shown in formula (D), where γixIs his minimum required payroll, SixIs a set of his skills and,
is the worker w calculated by the formula (C)ixB central degree value in the grouptIs the budget of task t, StIs the skill set required for task t;
(2.3) auxiliary crowdsourcing value definition of workers in the group: given a worker natural group GiFor worker w in the groupixHis auxiliary crowd-sourced value is defined as shown in formula (E), where γ ix is his minimum required payroll, SixIs his skill set, dix,iyIs a worker wixAnd wiyThe communication cost of (a) is high,
is currently selectedSet of workers, | W, in the future to perform task tGi(t) | is WGi(t) number of workers, StIs the skill set, S ', required for task t'tIs what task t remains has not yet been driven from WGi(t) the set of skills that is satisfied, i.e.
btIs the budget for task t;
(2.4) calculating the initial crowdsourcing value of each worker in the group according to the formula (D), and then selecting the worker with the maximum initial crowdsourcing value in the group as the group leader, which is denoted as wil，
(2.5)b＝0，S′t＝St-Sil，WGi(t)＝{wil}，Temp_Gi＝Gi-WGi(t)；
(2.6) judging whether S 'is satisfied'tNot empty and b is 0, if yes, performing step (2.7); if not, executing the step (2.11);
(2.7) for Temp _ GiThe workers in (4) calculate their auxiliary crowdsourcing values according to formula (E), and select the worker with the maximum auxiliary crowdsourcing value, which is marked as wi*；
(2.8) update Temp _ Gi：Temp_Gi＝Temp_Gi-{wi*}；
(2.9) determining whether or not S is satisfiedi*∩S′tIs not empty, if satisfied, S't＝S′t-Si*，WGi(t)＝WGi(t)+{wi*}; if not, b is 1;
(2.10) it is judged whether Temp _ G is satisfiediNull, if satisfied, b is 1; jumping to the step (2.6);
(2.11) outputting the worker set WGi(t)；
(2.12) worker natural group crowdsourcing value definition: given a workerNatural group GiAnd a task t, StIs the skill set of task t, btIs the budget for task t, and the crowd-sourced value of a natural group of workers is defined as shown in formula (F), where α1、α2And alpha3Are three parameters, WGi(t) is the set of workers, γ, output from step (2.11)ixIs a worker wixMinimum required payroll of SixIs a worker wixSkill set of dix,iyIs a worker wixAnd wiyThe communication cost of (2);
(2.13) gathering W according to workersGi(t) and formula (F) calculate the crowd-sourced value of the worker's natural group for task t.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the task assignment method for the natural group of workers in the crowdsourcing system comprises: the step (3) of selecting the core worker natural group and distributing the tasks comprises the following steps:
(3.1)b＝0，n＝1，Gtemp＝G；
(3.2) determining whether b ═ 0 and n < ═ G |, if so, performing step (3.3), and if not, performing step (3.7);
(3.3) selecting the worker natural group with the maximum crowdsourcing value, and marking as G*；
(3.4) update Gtemp：Gtemp＝Gtemp-G*；
(3.5) judging whether or not the condition is satisfied
If so, b is 1;
(3.6) n ═ n +1, jump to step (3.2);
(3.7) according to G*Output WG*(t)。
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