CN107880938A - Pre-heated classification gasification method and device - Google Patents

Pre-heated classification gasification method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107880938A
CN107880938A CN201610868168.3A CN201610868168A CN107880938A CN 107880938 A CN107880938 A CN 107880938A CN 201610868168 A CN201610868168 A CN 201610868168A CN 107880938 A CN107880938 A CN 107880938A
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gas
heated
gasification
preheating
classification
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CN107880938B (en
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朱治平
王小芳
那永洁
高鸣
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C10J2300/0936—Coal fines for producing producer gas

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of pre-heated classification gasification method, comprises the following steps：A) fuel (A) is passed through into front preheating process room (2) with the first gasifying agent (B) to be preheated, the gas-solid mixture (CD) after generation preheating；B) gas-solid mixture (CD) after preheating realizes gas solid separation by separator (3), forms reproducibility flue gas (C) and pre-heating fuel (D)；C) the second gasifying agent (E) and pre-heating fuel (D) are passed through airflow bed gasification furnace (1), gasification reaction generation raw gas (G) and bottom ash (F) occurs in the two；And reproducibility flue gas (C) and raw gas (G) d) are collected, and bottom ash (F) is discharged into airflow bed gasification furnace (1).The present invention also provides a kind of pre-heated classification gasification device.The pre-heated classification gasification method and apparatus of the present invention are without using burner and coal adaptability is wide, coal preparation is simple, is rich in CH in product gas4。

Description

Pre-heated classification gasification method and device
Technical field
The invention belongs to carbon raw material gasification process field, it is related to the gasification process and device of a kind of carbon raw material, especially Ground is related to a kind of entrained flow gasification method and the device using this method.
Background technology
In the method for gasifying gas in other words for producing synthesis gas, carbon raw material is partly oxidized in the reactor. By taking coal as an example, Coal Gasification Technology is to be converted into the solid-state primary energy such as coal as a kind of clean coal technology of high-efficiency cleaning Gaseous state cleans secondary energy sources, and the technology is mainly used in synthesis ammonia, synthesizing methanol, hydrogen manufacturing, blast furnace reduction iron production chemical industry metallurgical row In the field such as industry, combined cycle generating unit and industry and domestic gas.
Classify by the motion state of solid fuel, modern coal gasifying process mainly includes moving bed (also known as fixed bed) gasification Method, entrained flow gasification method and fluidized gasification method.Wherein, air-flow bed coal-gasification stove reaction temperature is high, and can use liquid Deslagging, the intensity of gasification is high, production capacity is big, efficiency of carbon con version is high, it has also become one of the main direction of development of present Coal Gasification Technology.
However, there are the following problems for airflow bed gasification furnace：(1) nozzle structure is complicated, and the life-span typically only has three months to half Year, it is necessary to regularly replace, have a strong impact on performance driving economy, the burner lasted a long time involves great expense；(2) airflow bed gasification furnace is in coal Restricted in kind adaptability by factors such as pit ash, moisture, reactivities；(3) in order to obtain higher reaction rate and Efficiency of carbon con version, as-fired coal Powder Particle Size requirement 70% is less than 200 mesh, and pulverized coal preparation cost is higher, and the granularity requirements limit The use of lignite, dirty coal；(4) to maintain the high reaction temperature in stove, oxidant is made frequently with pure oxygen, oxygen consumption is high, influences Economy；(5) CH in product gas4Content is relatively low, is not suitable for CH4The preparation of the high synthesis gas of content requirement.Asked for above-mentioned Topic, prior art attempt to improve the burner life-span by improving burner performance, and methane production is improved by hydrogenation catalyst, however, Improving burner performance can not fundamentally solve the problems, such as that airflow bed gasification furnace is present, and hydrogenation catalyst technique causes cost liter It is high.
The content of the invention
The defects of it is an object of the invention to overcome prior art, there is provided one kind is without being bound by burner life-span and periodic replacement The pre-heated classification gasification method of problem and pre-heated classification gasification device.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of coal adaptability is wide, coal prepares simple, gasification efficiency height, carbon turns Rate is high, is rich in CH in product gas4And without using the gasification technology of pure oxygen.
To reach above-mentioned purpose or the first purpose, technical solution of the invention is as follows：
Embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention, it is proposed that a kind of pre-heated classification gasification method, it is described pre-heated Classification gasification method comprises the following steps：
A) fuel is passed through into front preheating process room with the first gasifying agent to be preheated, the gas-solid mixture after generation preheating；
B) gas-solid mixture after preheating realizes gas solid separation by separator, forms reproducibility flue gas and preheating is fired Material；
C) the second gasifying agent and pre-heating fuel are passed through airflow bed gasification furnace, the two occur gasification reaction generation raw gas and Bottom ash；With
D) reproducibility flue gas and raw gas are collected, and bottom ash is discharged into airflow bed gasification furnace.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preheating is anti-for fuel and the first gasifying agent generating unit divided combustion Should, fuel is preheated by combustion heat release.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pre-heated classification gasification method is without using burner.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front preheating process room is circulating fluid bed reactor.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is no bottom ash discharge in front preheating process room, generated in step b) Pre-heating fuel fully enter airflow bed gasification furnace.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, reproducibility flue gas forms product gas quilt by recuperation of heat and purifier Collect.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the gas-solid mixture after preheating is at 800 DEG C~1300 DEG C In the range of.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, first gasifying agent is air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen, Huo Zheqian State the combination of thrin and water vapour；And/or
Second gasifying agent is air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen, or the combination of foregoing thrin and water vapour.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is passed through the temperature of the first gasifying agent of front preheating process room for normal temperature or It is preheated to 300 DEG C~1200 DEG C；And/or
The temperature of the second gasifying agent of airflow bed gasification furnace is passed through as normal temperature or has been preheated to 300 DEG C~1200 DEG C.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first gasifying agent has been preheated to 600 DEG C；And/or second gasifying agent It has been preheated to 600 DEG C.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel is the coal that particle diameter is 0~2mm.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the separator in the step b) is one or more levels.
Embodiment according to another aspect of the present invention, it is proposed that a kind of pre-heated classification gasification device, the preheating Formula classification gasification device includes front preheating process room, airflow bed gasification furnace and separator；
Wherein described front preheating process room is provided with the gas-solid mixing after fuel inlet and the first gasification agent inlet, and preheating Thing exports；
The gas-solid mixture entrance after preheating, pre-heating fuel outlet and reproducibility flue gas are provided with the separator Outlet, the gas-solid mixture entrance after preheating directly or indirectly connect with the gas-solid mixture outlet after the preheating of front preheating process room It is logical；
Pre-heating fuel entrance, the second gasification agent inlet, raw gas outlet and bottom are provided with the airflow bed gasification furnace Slag exports, the pre-heating fuel outlet of pre-heating fuel entrance and separator.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pre-heated classification gasification device does not have burner.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front preheating process room is circulating fluid bed reactor.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front preheating process room includes preheating chamber burner hearth, in addition to separator And material returning device, wherein being provided with fuel inlet, the first gasification agent inlet and mixture outlet on the preheating burner hearth；Described The gas-solid mixture outlet being provided with separator after mixture intake, solid circulation material outlet and preheating, is returned described Material returning device import and material returning device outlet are provided with glassware, returning charge mouth is additionally provided with the preheating burner hearth, preheats burner hearth Mixture outlet connects with the mixture intake of separator, and the solid circulation material outlet of separator and the material returning device of material returning device enter Mouth connection, the material returning device outlet of material returning device connect with preheating the returning charge mouth of burner hearth, the gas-solid mixture row after the preheating of separator Outlet connects with the gas-solid mixture entrance after the preheating on separator.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, bottom ash outlet is not provided with front preheating process room.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the airflow bed gasification furnace is slag tap airflow bed gasification furnace or solid State deslagging airflow bed gasification furnace.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front preheating process room is one or more.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the separator is one or more levels.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pre-heated classification gasification device also includes recuperation of heat and purification dress Put, recuperation of heat and purifier include heat exchanger and deduster；
Reproducibility smoke inlet and product gas outlet are provided with the recuperation of heat and purifier, reproducibility flue gas enters Mouth connects with the reproducibility flue gas discharge opening of separator.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the airflow bed gasification furnace includes gasification furnace burner hearth, gasification furnace burner hearth Also include additional fuel entrance, the additional fuel entrance connects with the ash discharging hole of deduster.
The present invention is equipped with front preheating process room in entrained flow gasification stokehold, makes broken coal that particle diameter is 0~2mm into gasification furnace Preceding preheating in advance.Preheat later fuel temperature and reach 800~1300 DEG C, even if without using burner, but by the combustion after preheating Material is individually passed through gasification furnace with gasifying agent, can also quickly form high-temperature region, complete efficient gasification reaction；
Coal particle completes Volatile in warm and moisture separates out, the increase of particle internal void, reaction surface Gasifying agent is readily diffused into these reaction surfaces while product increase, so as to improve the reactivity of coal, solve air-flow The limitation that bed gasification furnace is used the coal of high ash content, high-moisture, low reaction activity；Meanwhile the coal under preheating chamber high temperature The volatile matter that grain is discharged gathers in particle, causes to produce larger barometric gradient in coal particle, causes the broken of coal particle, Reduce the fuel particle particle diameter into gasification furnace after preheating, coal particle granularity is wanted so as to reduce whole gasification system Ask, raw material is greatly reduced and prepares cost；
Preferably, using coal, divided combustion heats the preheating method of itself in the middle part of preheating chamber, is height in front preheating process room To amount of oxygen/fuel combustion theoretical oxygen=0.1~0.3, (value is by coal to convert into for the ratio of hypoxia response, gasifying agent and coal Activity, calorific value, preheating temperature etc. determine), the product after coal preheats in front preheating process room includes high temperature preheating fuel and height Warm reproducibility flue gas, wherein, high temperature preheating fuel contains a large amount of imperfect combustion carbon, and CH is rich in high-temperature reductibility flue gas4, CH4Content is far above the content in conventional coal gasification product gas.Product after preheating leaves front preheating process room, and through separator After separation, high temperature preheating fuel is all sent into airflow bed gasification furnace, and the gasifying agent with being passed through airflow bed gasification furnace reacts, and obtains thick Coal gas；High-temperature reductibility flue gas is purified, is collected after recuperation of heat as product gas, due to rich in CH4High-temperature reductibility cigarette Gas does not enter back into airflow bed gasification furnace, CH4Will not be burned consumption in airflow bed gasification furnace, the gasification reaction in air flow bed with Based on the reaction of carbon and gasifying agent, compared with conventional entrained flow gasification, the CH in product gas is effectively increased4Content.In addition, by In enter airflow bed gasification furnace for 800~1300 DEG C of high temperature preheating fuel, therefore can use and preheat later oxygen-enriched sky Gas and non-pure oxygen maintains the high reaction temperature in stove as gasification furnace gasifying agent, so as to improve system overall economy quality.
Preferably, using circulating fluid bed reactor as preheating chamber, fuel after preheating is burned in part except very small amount Outside caused gas is taken away, remaining fully enters airflow bed gasification furnace, compared with using fluid bed as lead reactor, improves Enter the concentration of carbon of airflow bed gasification furnace, be advantageous to effective gasification reaction and carried out in the airflow bed gasification furnace of high temperature；In advance Hot cell improves the efficiency of carbon con version and the thermal efficiency of whole system without deslagging.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to the pre-heated classification gasification method of one embodiment of the present of invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to the pre-heated classification gasification device of one embodiment of the present of invention；With
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to the pre-heated classification gasification device of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein same or analogous label represents phase Same or similar element.In addition, in the following detailed description, for ease of explaining, many concrete details are elaborated to provide To the comprehensive understanding of present disclosure embodiment.It should be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments are in the situation without these details Under can also be carried out.In other cases, known construction and device is diagrammatically embodied to simplify accompanying drawing.
According to the inventive concept of the present invention generally, it is proposed that a kind of pre-heated classification gasification method, described pre-heated point Level gasification process comprises the following steps：
A) fuel is passed through into front preheating process room with the first gasifying agent to be preheated, the gas-solid mixture after generation preheating；b) Gas-solid mixture after preheating realizes gas solid separation by separator, forms reproducibility flue gas and pre-heating fuel；C) by second Gasifying agent and pre-heating fuel are passed through airflow bed gasification furnace, and gasification reaction generation raw gas and bottom ash occurs in the two；And d) collect also Originality flue gas and raw gas, and bottom ash is discharged into airflow bed gasification furnace.
Fig. 1 is according to the schematic diagram of the pre-heated classification gasification method of one embodiment of the present of invention, as shown in figure 1, originally The method of invention includes step：
A) fuel (by taking coal as an example) A is passed through into front preheating process room 2 with the first gasifying agent B to be preheated, generation 800~1300 DEG C preheating after gas-solid mixture CD；
B) the gas-solid mixture CD after preheating realizes gas solid separation after separator 3, forms high-temperature reductibility flue gas C With high temperature preheating fuel D；
C) high temperature preheating fuel D is all sent into airflow bed gasification furnace 1, the second gasifying agent E with being passed through airflow bed gasification furnace 1 Gasification reaction occurs at high temperature；High-temperature reductibility flue gas C is collected；
D) the raw gas G of the gasification reaction generation occurred in airflow bed gasification furnace 1 is collected, bottom ash F discharge burner hearths.
Wherein, the first gasifying agent B and the second gasifying agent E can be the combination of following component or composition：Air, air+water Steam, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen-enriched air+water vapour, pure oxygen, pure oxygen+water vapour etc..Second gasifying agent E selection and the first gasification The correlations such as agent B composition, fuel ash fusion point, preheating post fuel temperature, running temperature, air flow bed deslagging mode.
Wherein, the separator 3 in the step b) is one or more levels.
Wherein, bottom ash F can be liquid slag or solid slag.
Preferably, the temperature of the first gasifying agent B in the step a) is normal temperature or has been preheated to 300 DEG C~1200 ℃.When the first gasifying agent B is pure oxygen, front preheating process room is directly passed through with normal temperature, when the first gasifying agent B is air or oxygen-enriched sky When containing water vapour in gas and oxidant, it can first be preheated to 300 DEG C~1200 DEG C and be passed through front preheating process room again, it is anti-to be more conducive to The progress answered.
Preferably, the pre- thermal response in the step a) is height hypoxia response, and the ratio of the first gasifying agent and coal is folding Amount of oxygen/fuel combustion theoretical oxygen is bonded to less than 0.2.
Preferably, the isolated high temperature preheating fuel of separator not at the same level in the step b) is from entrained flow gasification The diverse location of stove 1 is sent into gasification furnace burner hearth.
Preferably, the temperature of the second gasifying agent E in the step c) is normal temperature or has been preheated to 300 DEG C~1200 ℃.When the second gasifying agent E is pure oxygen, front preheating process room is directly passed through with normal temperature, when the second gasifying agent E is air or oxygen-enriched sky When containing water vapour in gas and oxidant, 300 DEG C~1200 DEG C can be first preheated to, to be more conducive to the progress of pre- thermal response.
Embodiments of the invention are equipped with front preheating process room in entrained flow gasification stokehold, and the broken coal for making particle diameter be 0~2mm is entering Enter entrained flow gasification stokehold to preheat in advance.In preheating chamber, coal part combustion heat release, fuel is heated to 800~1300 DEG C；Add For coal after heat in addition to gas caused by very small amount is burned in part is taken away, remaining fully enters airflow bed gasification furnace, and preheating chamber Without deslagging；Meanwhile at high temperature, coal particle completes broken, Volatile and moisture separates out, the increase of particle internal void is gone through Journey, particle diameter reduce, and reactivity improves；The preheated generation high temperature preheating fuel of coal and high-temperature reductibility flue gas, through separator After separation, high-temperature reductibility flue gas can be used as product gas after purified, recuperation of heat.Due to high-temperature reductibility flue gas be coal height Generated after being preheated under anoxia condition, CH is rich in flue gas4, and the available gas composition will not be disappeared in airflow bed gasification furnace Consumption, so as to effectively increase CH in product gas4Content；High temperature preheating fuel is all sent into airflow bed gasification furnace, with being passed through air-flow The gasifying agent reaction of bed gasification furnace, obtains raw gas.Wherein, gasifying agent can be the later air of preheating, oxygen-enriched air, pure oxygen Or the combination of mentioned component and water vapour.
Embodiments of the invention have the following advantages that：
1) by being re-gasificated after coal is preheated, the entrained flow bed gasification technology that need not use burner is formd, is thoroughly solved Current entrained flow bed gasification technology nozzle structure complexity, short life, cost high technical barrier.
2) coal particle completes activation in warm, improves reactivity, solves existing for current entrained flow gasification High ash melting point, high ash content, high-moisture, low reaction activity coal application aspect limitation.
3) coal particle of big particle diameter is completed hot broken in warm, therefore coal need not be prepared as into coal dust, need to only be broken It is broken to be sized to 0~2mm broken coals, so as to solve the problems, such as that airflow bed gasification furnace pulverized coal preparation cost is high.
4) due to being high temperature preheating fuel into airflow bed gasification furnace, therefore it can use and preheat later oxygen-enriched air And non-pure oxygen maintains the high reaction temperature in stove as gasification furnace gasifying agent, the economy of system is improved.
5) CH generated in warm4Directly it is recovered, the pyroreaction being not involved in airflow bed gasification furnace, so as to carry CH in high product gas4Content.
The coal gasification method of the present invention cannot be only used for former coal gasification, it can also be used to the carbon-based fuel such as biomass, rubbish Gasification.
On the other hand, the inventive concept according to the present invention generally, it is also proposed that a kind of pre-heated classification gasification device, institute Stating pre-heated classification gasification device includes front preheating process room, airflow bed gasification furnace and separator, wherein the front preheating process room It is provided with the gas-solid mixture outlet after fuel inlet and the first gasification agent inlet, and preheating；The front preheating process room by with Being set to reacts the fuel for being passed through preheating chamber and the first gasifying agent generating unit divided combustion, and fuel is preheated, and generates reproducibility Flue gas and pre-heating fuel, and the reproducibility flue gas of generation and pre-heating fuel are exported into discharge by the gas-solid mixture after preheating； The gas-solid mixture entrance after preheating, pre-heating fuel outlet and reproducibility flue gas discharge opening are provided with the separator, Gas-solid mixture entrance after preheating directly or indirectly connects with the mixture outlet after the preheating of front preheating process room, the separation Device be configured as separation by front preheating process room outlet receive preheating after gas-solid mixture, formed reproducibility flue gas and Pre-heating fuel；Pre-heating fuel entrance, the second gasification agent inlet, raw gas outlet and bottom ash are provided with the gasification furnace burner hearth The pre-heating fuel outlet of outlet, pre-heating fuel entrance and separator, the gasification furnace burner hearth are configured as making by pre- With the second gasifying agent being passed through by the second gasification agent inlet gasification reaction, generation occur for the pre-heating fuel that hot fuel inlet is passed through Raw gas and bottom ash, and raw gas is exported from raw gas and discharged, bottom ash is exported from bottom ash and discharged.
Preferably, the pre-heated classification gasification device also includes recuperation of heat and purifier, in the recuperation of heat and only Makeup, which is put, is provided with reproducibility smoke inlet and product gas outlet, the reproducibility flue gas of reproducibility smoke inlet and separator Outlet connects, and the recuperation of heat and purifier are configured as reclaiming the heat of reproducibility flue gas and purify reproducibility flue gas, Obtain product gas；
Fig. 2 is according to the schematic diagram of the pre-heated classification gasification device of one embodiment of the present of invention, as shown in Fig. 2 institute Stating pre-heated classification gasification device includes front preheating process room 2, airflow bed gasification furnace 1, separator 3 and recuperation of heat and purifier 4, front preheating process room 2 includes preheating burner hearth 20, in addition to the separator 21 and material returning device 22 being sequentially connected with preheating burner hearth 20；Gas Fluidized gas producer 1 includes gasification furnace burner hearth 10.Wherein, the entrance of the front preheating process room 2 is arranged on preheating burner hearth 20, including Fuel inlet and the first gasification agent inlet, export as the exhanst gas outlet of separator 21.The front preheating process room 2 is configured as making to lead to Enter to preheat fuel A and the reaction of the first gasifying agent B generating units divided combustion of burner hearth 20, fuel preheated, angry solid mixture, And separate the gas-solid mixture of generation by separator 21, the gas-solid mixture CD formed after preheating, and by the gas after preheating Solid mixture CD discharges from the exhanst gas outlet of separator 21；The gas-solid mixture being provided with the separator 3 after preheating CD entrances, pre-heating fuel D outlets and reproducibility flue gas C outlets, gas-solid mixture CD entrances and separator 21 after preheating Exhanst gas outlet directly or indirectly connects, and the separator 3 is configured as the pre- of the outlet reception that separation passes through front preheating process room 2 Gas-solid mixture CD after heat, form reproducibility flue gas C and pre-heating fuel D；It is provided with the recuperation of heat and purifier 4 Reproducibility flue gas C entrances and product gas C1 outlets, the reproducibility flue gas discharge opening of reproducibility smoke inlet and separator 3 connect Logical, the recuperation of heat and purifier 4 are configured as reclaiming reproducibility flue gas C heat and purify reproducibility flue gas C, are produced Product gas C1；Pre-heating fuel entrance, the second gasification agent inlet, raw gas outlet and bottom ash are provided with the gasification furnace burner hearth 10 Outlet, the pre-heating fuel outlet of pre-heating fuel entrance and separator 3, the gasification furnace burner hearth 10 is by IB168148F
It is configured to make the pre-heating fuel D being passed through by pre-heating fuel entrance and be passed through by the second gasification agent inlet second Gasifying agent E occur gasification reaction, generate raw gas G and bottom ash F, and by raw gas G from raw gas export discharge, by bottom ash F from Bottom ash outlet discharge.
According to the pre-heated classification gasification device of the embodiment, fuel (by taking coal as an example) A and the first gasifying agent B is preposition pre- Reaction generates the gas-solid mixture CD after 800~1300 DEG C of preheating in hot cell 2；Separator 3 is by high-temperature gas-solid mixture C D Separation, form high-temperature reductibility flue gas C and high temperature preheating fuel D；Recuperation of heat and purifier 4 are by high-temperature reductibility flue gas C Exposure degree, and dust separation is carried out to it, obtains product gas C1；Airflow bed gasification furnace 1 be used for by high temperature preheating fuel D with Second gasifying agent E carries out entrained flow gasification reaction, obtains final product.
As shown in Fig. 2 do not have burner in the pre-heated classification gasification device, it is preferable that the front preheating process room 2 For circulating fluid bed reactor, and bottom ash outlet is not provided with front preheating process room 2.Alternatively, the airflow bed gasification furnace 1 It can be slag tap airflow bed gasification furnace, or dry ash extraction airflow bed gasification furnace.The front preheating process room 2 can be One or more, the present invention are not any limitation as to the quantity of front preheating process room.Separator 3 in the step b) for one-level or It is multistage.
According to an embodiment of the invention, recuperation of heat and purifier 4 include heat exchanger 41 and deduster 42,41, heat exchanger Between separator 3 and deduster 42, it can be the heat-exchanger rigs such as air preheater, gas cooler, be provided with high temperature Gas import, outlet and cooling medium inlet, outlet, the reproducibility flue gas discharge opening of High Temperature Gas inlet communication separator 3, go out The entrance of mouth connection deduster 42, deduster 42 can be fiber bag precipitator, and it is provided with import, ash discharging hole and clean gas Outlet, its import communicate with the High Temperature Gas outlet of heat exchanger 41, are passed through the reproducibility flue gas C of deduster 42 after dedusting, produce Product gas C1 is exported from clean gas and discharged, and solid particle D1 discharges from ash discharging hole.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the gasification furnace burner hearth 10 also includes additional fuel entrance, the additional fuel Entrance connects with the ash discharging hole of deduster 42.
Further, the airflow bed gasification furnace 1 can also include water cooling slag bath, and being provided with bottom ash on water cooling slag bath enters Mouth, Quench water inlet, slag-drip opening and coolant outlet, the bottom ash outlet of gasification furnace burner hearth 10 and the bottom ash entrance of water cooling slag bath connect Logical, Quench water inlet is arranged on bottom ash entrance.
According to the embodiment, in the course of work of pre-heated classification gasification device, fuel (coal) A is added by fuel inlet In the preheating burner hearth 20 of circulating fluid bed reactor (front preheating process room 2), 600 DEG C of oxygen-enriched air+water vapour first is preheating to Gasifying agent B is entered by the first gasification agent inlet preheats burner hearth 20, and the ratio of the first gasifying agent B and coal is to convert into amount of oxygen/combustion Expect Theory of Combustion amount of oxygen=0.17.The two completes pre- thermal response, 950 DEG C of high-temperature reductibility cigarettes of generation in preheating burner hearth 20 Gas C carries all little particle carbon for not reacting completely and ash after separator 21, and wherein larger particles do not react completely Carbon and the separated device 21 of ash separate, and return to preheating burner hearth 20 through material returning device 22, form main circulation loop Matter Transfer；Remaining is not complete The smaller particle carbon and ash of full response are carried as high temperature preheating fuel D by high-temperature reductibility flue gas C, complete into separator 3 Into gas solid separation, wherein, high temperature preheating fuel D enters the gasification furnace burner hearth 10 of airflow bed gasification furnace, with being passed through gasification furnace burner hearth The oxygen-enriched air for being preheating to 600 DEG C+steam gasification agent high-temperature gasification reaction occurs, generation is rich in CO and H2Raw gas G And molten slag F；High-temperature reductibility flue gas C containing a small amount of solid particle leaves gasification system, by heat exchanger 41 and cloth Sack cleaner purified and Exposure degree after, be collected as product gas C1, by fiber bag precipitator separate solid Grain D1 is sent into airflow bed gasification furnace as fuel.Because high-temperature reductibility flue gas C is life after coal preheats under height anoxia condition Into being rich in CH in flue gas4, and the high-temperature flue gas does not enter back into airflow bed gasification furnace, above-mentioned available gas will not consume, so as to have Effect improves CH in product gas4Content.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to the pre-heated classification gasification device of an alternative embodiment of the invention, the embodiment with Embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 is essentially identical, and only description and the difference of embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, difference below is：It is real shown in Fig. 3 Apply example and circulating fluid bed reactor (front preheating process is added by fuel inlet as fuel, fuel (coal) A using the poor coal of activity Room 2) preheating burner hearth 20 in, be preheating to 600 DEG C of air gasification agent (the first gasifying agent B) entered by the first gasification agent inlet it is pre- Hot stove thorax 20, the first gasifying agent B and fuel A ratio are to convert into amount of oxygen/fuel combustion theoretical oxygen=0.2.Wherein, The solid particle D1 separated by fiber bag precipitator 42 is expelled directly out system, is not re-fed into entrained flow gasification because temperature is relatively low Stove is as fuel, farthest to ensure airflow bed gasification furnace interior reaction temperature.
The pre-heated classification gasification method and apparatus of the present invention thoroughly solve current entrained flow gasification without using burner Technology nozzle structure is complicated, the technical barrier of short life；Solve high ash melting point, high ash content, high-moisture, the coal of low reaction activity Kind adaptability problem；Solve the problems, such as that pulverized coal preparation cost is high；Gasifying agent need not use pure oxygen, improve economy；Coal Gasification furnace is fully entered after preheating and participates in reaction, improves efficiency of carbon con version and coal gas efficiency.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with Understanding can be changed to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.The applicable model of the present invention Enclose and be defined by the appended claims and the equivalents thereof.
Reference numerals list：
A fuel (coal)
The gasifying agents of B first
Gas-solid mixture after CD preheatings
C reproducibility flue gases
C1 product gas
D pre-heating fuels
D1 solid particles
The gasifying agents of E second
F bottom ash
G raw gas
1 airflow bed gasification furnace
2 front preheating process rooms
3 separators
4 recuperations of heat and purifier
10 gasification furnace burner hearths
20 preheating burner hearths
21 separators
22 material returning devices
41 heat exchangers
42 dedusters

Claims (18)

  1. A kind of 1. pre-heated classification gasification method, it is characterised in that the pre-heated classification gasification method comprises the following steps：
    A) fuel (A) is passed through into front preheating process room (2) with the first gasifying agent (B) to be preheated, the gas-solid mixing after generation preheating Thing (CD)；
    B) gas-solid mixture (CD) after preheating realizes gas solid separation by separator (3), forms reproducibility flue gas (C) and in advance Hot fuel (D)；
    C) the second gasifying agent (E) and pre-heating fuel (D) are passed through airflow bed gasification furnace (1), it is thick that gasification reaction generation occurs in the two Coal gas (G) and bottom ash (F)；With
    D) reproducibility flue gas (C) and raw gas (G) are collected, and bottom ash (F) is discharged into airflow bed gasification furnace (1).
  2. 2. pre-heated classification gasification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The preheating is fuel (A) and the One gasifying agent (B) generating unit divided combustion is reacted, and fuel is preheated by combustion heat release.
  3. 3. pre-heated classification gasification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pre-heated classification gasification method Without using burner.
  4. 4. pre-heated classification gasification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The front preheating process room (2) is to follow Circulation fluidized bed reactor.
  5. 5. pre-heated classification gasification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Do not have in front preheating process room (2) Bottom ash is discharged, and the pre-heating fuel (D) of generation fully enters airflow bed gasification furnace (1) in step b).
  6. 6. pre-heated classification gasification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Reproducibility flue gas (C) is through overheating back Receive and purifier (4) forms product gas (C1) and is collected.
  7. 7. the pre-heated classification gasification method according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that：Gas-solid after preheating The temperature of mixture (CD) is in the range of 800 DEG C~1300 DEG C.
  8. 8. the pre-heated classification gasification method according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that：First gasification Agent (B) is air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen, or the combination of foregoing thrin and water vapour；And/or
    Second gasifying agent (E) is air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen, or the combination of foregoing thrin and water vapour.
  9. 9. pre-heated classification gasification method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：It is passed through the of front preheating process room (2) The temperature of one gasifying agent (B) is normal temperature or has been preheated to 300 DEG C~1200 DEG C；And/or
    The temperature of the second gasifying agent (E) of airflow bed gasification furnace (1) is passed through as normal temperature or has been preheated to 300 DEG C~1200 DEG C.
  10. 10. according to the pre-heated classification gasification method described in claim 9, it is characterised in that：First gasifying agent (B) is pre- Heat is to 600 DEG C；And/or second gasifying agent (E) be preheated to 600 DEG C.
  11. 11. the pre-heated classification gasification method according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that：The fuel (A) The coal for being 0~2mm for particle diameter.
  12. 12. a kind of pre-heated classification gasification device, it is characterised in that the pre-heated classification gasification device includes front preheating process room (2), airflow bed gasification furnace (1) and separator (3)；
    Wherein described front preheating process room (2) is provided with the gas-solid mixing after fuel inlet and the first gasification agent inlet, and preheating Thing exports；
    The gas-solid mixture entrance after preheating, pre-heating fuel outlet and reproducibility flue gas are provided with the separator (3) Outlet, gas-solid mixture entrance after preheating and the outlet of the gas-solid mixture after the preheating of front preheating process room (2) directly or Lead in succession；
    Pre-heating fuel entrance, the second gasification agent inlet, raw gas outlet and bottom ash are provided with the airflow bed gasification furnace (1) Outlet, the pre-heating fuel outlet of pre-heating fuel entrance and separator (3).
  13. 13. pre-heated classification gasification device according to claim 12, it is characterised in that：The pre-heated classification gasification dress Put and do not have burner.
  14. 14. pre-heated classification gasification device according to claim 12, it is characterised in that：The front preheating process room (2) is Circulating fluid bed reactor.
  15. 15. pre-heated classification gasification device according to claim 12, it is characterised in that：In front preheating process room (2) not Bottom ash is set to export.
  16. 16. the pre-heated classification gasification device according to any one of claim 12-15, it is characterised in that：The separation Device (3) is one or more levels.
  17. 17. the pre-heated classification gasification device according to any one of claim 12-15, it is characterised in that：The preheating Formula classification gasification device also includes recuperation of heat and purifier (4), and recuperation of heat and purifier (4) include heat exchanger (41) and removed Dirt device (42)；
    Reproducibility smoke inlet and product gas outlet are provided with the recuperation of heat and purifier (4), reproducibility flue gas enters Mouth connects with the reproducibility flue gas discharge opening of separator (3).
  18. 18. pre-heated classification gasification device according to claim 12, it is characterised in that：The airflow bed gasification furnace (1) Including gasification furnace burner hearth (10), gasification furnace burner hearth (10) also includes additional fuel entrance, the additional fuel entrance and deduster (42) ash discharging hole connection.
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