CN107880867A - A kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid and preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid and preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000272168 Laridae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 cycloalkanes Hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011538 cleaning material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/665—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/845—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/12—Swell inhibition, i.e. using additives to drilling or well treatment fluids for inhibiting clay or shale swelling or disintegrating
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid and preparation method and application.Described Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids, cracking initiation and the dual process of proppant placement are realized simultaneously using the stable Pickering emulsions of solid particle, overcome that conventional hydraulic fracturing propping agents particle diameter is larger to cannot be introduced into remote well area minute crack and easily the defects of settling, and reduce the link of injection proppant, simplify hydraulic fracturing operations, caused crack in fracturing process is stablized and is supported, reduce pressure break cost；Increase substantially fracturing effect and increase production capacity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid and preparation method and application, belong to the technology of fracturing fluid
Field.
Background technology
Fine and close unconventional reservoir has the characteristics of low hole, hypotonic, and exploration and development difficulty is larger.Slippery water fracturing fluid system is
A kind of fracturing fluid system transformed and grown up for fine and close unconventional reservoir.It refers to add a certain amount of support in clear water
The fracturing fluid of the composition such as agent and minimal amount of drag reducer, clay stabilizer, cleanup additive.Slippery water fracturing fluid have low viscosity,
The features such as low frictional resistance, it is used widely in the U.S., Canada etc., gradually instead of traditional gelatinous fracturing fluid.
But in slippery water fracturing technique generally existing hydraulic fracture of the prior art, proppant pack is not in place, oozes
The problem of rate is difficult up to standard thoroughly.Reason mainly includes two aspects, first, not enough (near wellbore fracture width is hydraulic fracture width
Several millimeters, more and more narrow with the extension in crack away from the fracture width at pit shaft, some play the fine fisssure slit width of connection function
Spend narrower, fracture width is micron or sub-micron rank), proppant embedment is difficult；Second, slippery water fracturing fluid viscosity is low, sand is taken
Scarce capacity, the easy rapid precipitation of proppant, it is gathered in well week Slit bottom.Though slippery water pressure break width generation capacity is strong, it is economical into
This is low, but the strong leak-off in reservoir makes to press off crack and is easy to close, and need to make up fracturing fluid leak amount by high discharge capacity, therefore to pump
Note requires and the demand of water resource is higher, and chemical addition agent therein can cause necessarily to pollute to stratum.
Pickering emulsifying technologies are a kind of emerging technologies, and the research to it both at home and abroad was never interrupted, with biography
The maximum difference of system emulsifying technology is that it is substituted using solid particle or part substitutes conventional surfactant, compared to tradition
Surfactant, absorption of the solid particle at interface is typically irreversible, because the energy of adsorption required for granular absorption reaches
Thousands of kT.This cause its in actual production process have very it is high just.
Pickering emulsifying technologies are usually used in crude oil, food, field of medicaments, due to the shadow of Pickering emulsion droplets
Ring, be not suitable for being used as fracturing fluid.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid.
The present invention also provides a kind of side that untraditional reservoir pressure break is carried out using above-mentioned Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid
Method.
Term explanation：
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, the oil-in-water type being made up of solid particle, oil phase and water
Pickering emulsions, for solid particle dispersions in the interface of aqueous phase and oil phase, the volume ratio of oil phase and water is 2:3~1:4,
Solid particle accounts for the 0.5%~10.0% of oil and water gross mass.
According to currently preferred, solid grain size is nanoscale solids particle or micro- in the Pickering emulsions
Meter level solid particle, nanoscale solids grain diameter are 90nm~200nm, and micron order solid grain size is 4 μm~6 μm, institute
The emulsion droplet size for stating Pickering emulsions is 60-120 μm.
One or both of biodiesel, kerosene, hydro carbons or alcohols are selected from according to currently preferred, described oil phase
Any of the above mixes.
Biodiesel is degradable, belongs to cleaning material, and without chemical addition agent, it is environmentally safe.
It is further preferred that the hydro carbons is selected from alkane, cycloalkane, alkynes or aromatic hydrocarbon, the alcohols be selected from monohydric alcohol,
Dihydric alcohol or polyalcohol.
According to currently preferred, the hydro carbons is that one or both of octane, heptane or hexamethylene any of the above is mixed
Close；The alcohols is isopropanol and/or n-butanol.
Preferably, the solid particle is hydrophilic solid particles.
It is further preferred that described hydrophilic solid particles are selected from silica, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate or iron oxide.
Highly preferred, described hydrophilic solid particles are silica or barium sulfate.
The Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids of the present invention have the characteristics of viscosity is high；The viscosity of emulsion fracturing fluid is with shearing speed
The rise of rate and reduce, even if at high shear rates, emulsion viscosity can still meet fracturing fluid requirement；High viscosity can be reduced
The injection discharge capacity of fracturing fluid, avoid producing larger friction loss, protection equipment under high discharge capacity；Higher viscosity can be with simultaneously
Reduce filter loss.
According to the present invention, the preparation method of above-mentioned Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, including step are as follows：
A1) solid particle is added to the water, ultrasonic disperse processing 1min~5min, obtains suspension；
A2) suspension is mixed with oil phase, high-speed stirred obtains Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids；Described mixing speed
For 2000~4000r/min；Mixing time is 30s~60s.Stablized after stirring and size droplet diameter is evenly distributed
Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids.
The product of the present invention has two kinds, when solid particle is that to obtain nanoscale solids particle stabilized for nanoscale solids particle
Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids, when solid particle is that micron order solid particle obtains micron order solid particle stabilization
Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids.
According to the present invention, the application of Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids, used as untraditional reservoir fracturing fluid.
A kind of method that untraditional reservoir pressure break is carried out using above-mentioned Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, including step is such as
Under：
B1) the particle stabilized Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid injection stratum of nanoscale solids is pressed off to form ground to stratum
Seam, make and stitch and caused crack is carried out stabilization；It is solid in the particle stabilized Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids of nanoscale solids
Body particle accounts for the 0.5%~3.0% of oil and water gross mass；
B2 the stable Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid of micron order solid particle) is stitched into fracture with injecting to be supported,
The length and width of further gull in injection process, the stable Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids of micron order solid particle
Middle solid particle accounts for the 2.0%~10.0% of oil and water gross mass.
Preferably, the particle diameter of the nanoscale solids particle is 90nm~200nm；The particle diameter of the micron order solid particle
For 4 μm~6 μm.
The present invention Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids application, early stage pressure break make seam during, select low concentration nanoscale
The Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids that solid particle is formed, the solid particle enter earth formation deep with emulsion, and with crack wall
Interaction, adsorbs on the wall of crack, prevents clay mineral from migrating, and plays stable crack and supports the work of microcrack
With.During cracking initiation or in later stage fracturing process, the Pickering emulsions of high concentration micron order solid particle formation are selected
Fracturing fluid, due to its effect with wall, emulsion is destroyed, particle agglomeration, can form the support of small column, make fracturing process
The crack that the crack of middle formation or conventional proppants do not reach is supported, and it is kept high fracture condudtiviy, improves pressure
Split effect and increase production capacity.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid of the present invention, utilize the stable Pickering emulsions of solid particle while reality
The dual process that existing cracking initiation and proppant are placed, overcomes that conventional hydraulic fracturing propping agents particle diameter is larger to cannot be introduced into remote well
Area minute crack and easy the defects of settling, and reduce the link of injection proppant, hydraulic fracturing operations are simplified,
Caused crack in fracturing process is stablized and is supported, reduce pressure break cost；Increase substantially fracturing effect and increase
Production capacity；
2. Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid of the present invention, being emulsion oil-in-water fracturing fluid, there is viscosity height, it is stable
Property it is good, heat-resistant salt-resistant is good, prevent swollen performance it is good, the feature such as pollution-free；It is not demulsified, flocculates substantially under the conditions of high temperature and high salt, it is right
Swelling clay mineral has good inhibiting effect；
3. Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid of the present invention, it is wide to prepare material source, environmentally safe, and prepares
Technique is simple, and cost is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid of the present invention microscope figure, 200 times of enlargement ratio；
Fig. 2 is the mechanism figure of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid stable crack of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the mechanism figure of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid supporting crack of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and Figure of description, the present invention will be further described, but not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, the oil-in-water type being made up of solid particle, oil phase and water
Pickering emulsions, for solid particle dispersions in the interface of aqueous phase and oil phase, the volume ratio of oil phase and water is 2:3, solid
Grain accounts for the 2.5% of oil and water gross mass.
Oil phase is biodiesel, and hydro carbons is octane, and solid particle is barium sulfate particle.
Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids have the characteristics of viscosity is high；The viscosity of emulsion fracturing fluid with shear rate rise
And reduce, even if at high shear rates, emulsion viscosity can still meet fracturing fluid requirement；High viscosity can reduce fracturing fluid
Discharge capacity is injected, avoids producing larger friction loss, protection equipment under high discharge capacity；Simultaneously higher viscosity can reduce leak-off
Amount.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, described in embodiment 1, difference is：
The hydro carbons is octane, the mixture of heptane.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, described in embodiment 1, difference is：
Solid particle is silica.
Embodiment 4
A kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, described in embodiment 1, difference is：
Oil phase is kerosene.
Embodiment 5
A kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, described in embodiment 1, difference is：
The volume ratio of oil phase and water is 1：4, solid particle accounts for the 9% of oil and water gross mass.
Embodiment 6
A kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, described in embodiment 1, difference is：
The volume ratio of oil phase and water is 1：1, solid particle accounts for the 5% of oil and water gross mass.
Embodiment 7
A kind of preparation method of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, including step are as follows：
A1) 0.5g barium sulfate particles are added in 12mL distilled water, decentralized processing 5min is carried out using ultrasonic disperser；
A2 8mL biodiesel) is added, is stirred to obtain Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids by mixer；Mixer
Mixing speed is 3000r/min；Mixing time is 60s.Stablized after stirring and size droplet diameter is evenly distributed
Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids.
The Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids of preparation are detected, obtain each performance parameter of fracturing fluid：Average grain diameter
111.8 μm, shear rate 12s-1Lower viscosity 335.4mPas, shear rate 24s-1Lower viscosity 222.14mPas, anti-dilative
74.62%.
Embodiment 8
The preparation method of Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids as described in Example 7, except that：
A1) 0.7g barium sulfate particles are added in 12mL distilled water, decentralized processing 5min is carried out using ultrasonic disperser；
A2 8mL biodiesel) is added, is stirred to obtain Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids by mixer；Mixer
Mixing speed is 3000r/min；Mixing time is 60s.Stablized after stirring and size droplet diameter is evenly distributed
Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids.
The Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid of preparation is placed at 20 DEG C, 60 DEG C and 90 DEG C respectively.
At 20 DEG C, 88.2 μm of average grain diameter, shear rate 12s-1Lower viscosity 472.30mPas, shear rate 24s-1Under
Viscosity 348.28mPas, anti-dilative 76.21%；At 60 DEG C, 90.4 μm of average grain diameter, shear rate 12s-1Lower viscosity
463.42mPas shear rate 24s-1Lower viscosity 352.29mPas, anti-dilative 78.35%；At 90 DEG C, average grain diameter
102.7 μm, shear rate 12s-1Lower viscosity 661.46mPas, shear rate 24s-1Lower viscosity 372.01mPas, anti-dilative
80.05%.
By above-mentioned data, Pickering emulsion fracturing fluid stability is good, and temperature tolerance is good, under the high temperature conditions not
Demulsification, flocculation, have good inhibiting effect to swelling clay mineral.
Embodiment 9
The preparation method of Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids as described in Example 7, except that：
A1) 1.5g barium sulfate particles are added in 12mL distilled water, decentralized processing 5min is carried out using ultrasonic disperser；
A2 8mL biodiesel) is added, is stirred to obtain Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids by mixer；Mixer
Mixing speed is 3000r/min；Mixing time is 60s.Stablized after stirring and size droplet diameter is evenly distributed
Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids.
The Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids of preparation are detected, obtain each performance parameter of fracturing fluid：Average grain diameter
70.4 μm, shear rate 12s-1Lower viscosity 537.10mPas, shear rate 24s-1Lower viscosity 412.37mPas, anti-dilative
79.02%.
The viscosity experiment of experimental example 1：
By comparative example 8-10, obtained Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, there is higher viscosity, with
Shear rate increased viscosity reduces, but viscosity is maintained at more than 100mPas, meets the viscosity index of fracturing fluid.In addition, pressure break
Liquid more than 70%, illustrates that it has the function that good suppression clay swell and stable crack to the anti-dilative of shale.
The salt tolerance of experimental example 2 is tested：
Experimental example 2-1
The preparation method of Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids as described in Example 8, except that：
A1) 0.5g barium sulfate particles are added in 12mL sodium chloride solutions, the mass concentration of sodium chloride solution is 0.1%；
Decentralized processing 5min is carried out using ultrasonic disperser；
A2 8mL biodiesel) is added, is stirred to obtain Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids by mixer；Mixer
Mixing speed is 3000r/min；Mixing time is 60s.Stablized after stirring and size droplet diameter is evenly distributed
Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids.
Demulsifying phenomenon does not occur for emulsion fracturing fluid, and average droplet size is 110.35 μm.
Experimental example 2-2
The preparation method of Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids as described in Example 11, except that：Sodium chloride solution
Mass concentration is 1.0%.Demulsifying phenomenon does not occur for emulsion fracturing fluid, and average droplet size is 114.12 μm.
Experimental example 2-3
The preparation method of Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids as described in Example 11, except that：Sodium chloride solution
Mass concentration is 20%.Demulsifying phenomenon does not occur for emulsion fracturing fluid, and average droplet size is 141.17 μm.
By comparative example 8, embodiment 11-13 is understood, the Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid property under different salinity
Stable, heat-resistant salt-resistant is good, is not demulsified, flocculates under high salt conditions, has good inhibiting effect to swelling clay mineral.
Embodiment 10
A kind of method that untraditional reservoir pressure break is carried out using Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, including step are as follows：
B1 the particle stabilized Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid of nanoscale solids) is injected into stratum, carries out making seam and to producing
Crack carry out stabilization；Solid particle accounts for oil and the total matter of water in the particle stabilized Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids of nanoscale solids
The 1.0% of amount；Early stage pressure break make seam during, select the granuloplastic Pickering emulsions pressure break of low concentration nanoscale solids
Liquid, the solid particle enters earth formation deep with emulsion, and is interacted with crack wall, adsorbs on the wall of crack, prevents
Clay mineral is migrated, and plays a part of stable crack and support microcrack.
B2) the stable Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid of micron order solid particle is stitched with injecting, further gull
Length and width, solid particle fracture therein are supported；The stable Pickering emulsion pressure breaks of micron order solid particle
Solid particle accounts for the 5.0% of oil and water gross mass in liquid.During cracking initiation or in later stage fracturing process, select high concentration micro-
The Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids that meter level solid particle is formed, due to its effect with wall, emulsion is destroyed, cluster of grains
It is poly-, the support of small column can be formed, enables the crack that is formed in fracturing process or crack that conventional proppants do not reach supports,
It is kept high fracture condudtiviy, improve fracturing effect and increase production capacity.
Embodiment 11
A kind of method of untraditional reservoir pressure break as described in Example 10, except that, the nanoscale solids
The particle diameter of particle is 100nm；The particle diameter of the micron order solid particle is 5 μm.
Application experiment example
Fracturing fluid made from the preparation method of Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids described in embodiment 8~10 is supported
Crack performance is detected.
Detailed process is：Seam instrument is made with shale after shale coring and make seam, then merged and be put into core holding unit.Add and enclose
Pressure is with simulated formation pressure.The matrix permeability of shale core is measured first, is subsequently injected into Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids, is surveyed
Measure permeability.Shale core matrix permeability is 0.006mD.Perm-plug method corresponding to different confined pressures is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
By above-mentioned experimental data, the shale permeability increase injected after fracturing fluid, is the hundreds of of matrix permeability
To thousands of times, illustrate that barium sulfate particle is assembled in crack, fracture has carried out effective support, improves fracture guide energy
Power.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid, the Pickering for the oil-in-water type being made up of solid particle, oil phase and water
Emulsion, for solid particle dispersions in the interface of aqueous phase and oil phase, the volume ratio of oil phase and water is 2:3~1:4, solid particle accounts for
Oil and the 0.5%~10.0% of water gross mass.
2. Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that solid in the Pickering emulsions
Body grain diameter is nanoscale solids particle or micron order solid particle, and nanoscale solids grain diameter is 90nm~200nm, micro-
Meter level solid grain size is 4 μm~6 μm, and the emulsion droplet size of the Pickering emulsions is 60-120 μm.
3. Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described oil phase is selected from biological bavin
One or both of oil, kerosene, hydro carbons or alcohols any of the above mixes.
4. Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the hydro carbons is selected from alkane, cycloalkanes
Hydrocarbon, alkynes or aromatic hydrocarbon, the alcohols are selected from monohydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol or polyalcohol.
5. Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the hydro carbons be octane, heptane or
One or both of hexamethylene any of the above mixes；The alcohols is isopropanol and/or n-butanol.
6. Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the solid particle is hydrophily
Solid particle；Preferably, described hydrophilic solid particles are selected from silica, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate or iron oxide.
7. Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described hydrophilic solid particles
For silica or barium sulfate.
8. the preparation method of the Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids described in claim 1, including step are as follows：
A1) solid particle is added to the water, ultrasonic disperse processing 1min~5min, obtains suspension；
A2) suspension is mixed with oil phase, high-speed stirred obtains Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids；Described mixing speed is
2000~4000r/min；Mixing time is 30s~60s.Stablized after stirring and size droplet diameter is evenly distributed
Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids.
9. a kind of Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid using described in claim 1 carries out the method for untraditional reservoir pressure break, bag
It is as follows to include step：
B1) particle stabilized Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid injection stratum to the stratum of nanoscale solids is pressed off and stitched with being formed, is entered
Row, which is made, stitches and caused crack is carried out stabilization；Solid in the particle stabilized Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids of nanoscale solids
Grain accounts for the 0.5%~3.0% of oil and water gross mass；
B2 the stable Pickering emulsions fracturing fluid of micron order solid particle) is stitched into fracture with injecting to be supported, injected
During further gull length and width, it is solid in the stable Pickering emulsion fracturing fluids of micron order solid particle
Body particle accounts for the 2.0%~10.0% of oil and water gross mass.
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| CN107880867B (en) | 2021-03-19 |
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