CN107879319A - The preparation method and device of monochloro amine - Google Patents
The preparation method and device of monochloro amine Download PDFInfo
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- CN107879319A CN107879319A CN201710075590.8A CN201710075590A CN107879319A CN 107879319 A CN107879319 A CN 107879319A CN 201710075590 A CN201710075590 A CN 201710075590A CN 107879319 A CN107879319 A CN 107879319A
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- ammonium chloride
- sodium hypochlorite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/087—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals containing one or more hydrogen atoms
- C01B21/088—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals containing one or more hydrogen atoms containing also one or more halogen atoms
- C01B21/09—Halogeno-amines, e.g. chloramine
- C01B21/091—Chloramine, i.e. NH2Cl or dichloramine, i.e. NHCl2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of monochloro amine and device, preparation method comprises the following steps:(1)Using ammonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite as reaction raw materials, the chloride leach in reaction raw materials is first obtained into ammonium chloride solution, and the pH value of acid adding regulation ammonium chloride solution is 13;The acid is phosphoric acid and/or hydrochloric acid;(2)Sodium hypochlorite is added into ammonium chloride solution again and is stirred, pH value is risen to 89;(3)Sodium hypochlorite and the solution & stir of phosphoric acid are separately added into ammonium chloride solution again, the pH value of mixed solution is maintained at 89;Treat that sodium hypochlorite charging finishes, obtain the solution of monochloro amine.The inventive method, product cost is low, and product design is up to 1000ppm;Stability is relatively good, can be 30 minutes with storage-stable, resolution ratio 1%;After tested, the pH stable of product, decline slow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of monochloro amine and device, it is more particularly to a kind of for disinfection of tap water one
The preparation method and device of chloramines, the present invention relates to drinking water disinfection agent technical field.
Background technology
Monochloro amine is also referred to as monochloramine, and its chemical formula is NH2Cl, increased newly in new edition country standards for drinking water quality
A kind of disinfectant.Because monochloramine is unstable, particularly aqua be more easy to itself decompose, so at present all be selection it is now with the current this
Kind occupation mode.
Promoting the use of monochloramine disinfectant in domestic waterworks.Prepare monochloramine can avoid directly using chlorine with
Liquefied ammonia, that is, select the process route using sodium hypochlorite and ammonium chloride as raw material.It is not only that city is not present using monochloramine
Public safety problem, also in the absence of safe and healthy problem.Monochloramine disinfectant does not produce the risk of carcinogenic substance haloform.It is single
Chloramines is more preferably more beneficial for controlling in pipe network relative to the sterilization persistence of chlorine, particularly pipe network end slough, You Haiwei
The breeding of biology.The sterilization of monochloramine makes water quality carry peculiar smell unlike disinfection by chlorine.Monochloramine sterilizes the corrosion to water supply network
It is smaller.
Have due to directly using hypertoxic dangerous material chlorine and liquefied ammonia as disinfection of tap water agent to municipal public safety potential
Threaten, along with disinfection by chlorine accessory substance also has threat to safe and healthy, so people from all walks of life have reached common understanding, directly using chlorine
Gas and liquefied ammonia have not met urban development progress needs as drinking water disinfection agent, it should to select more superior disinfectant to take
Instead of.
Chinese patent application CN200780046526.1 discloses a kind of method for preparing chloramines, the chloramines of this method synthesis
It is dichlormaine, is mainly used in desinsection.Existing now with the current patented method respectively has its feature:Some payes attention to Various Seasonal water temperature
Change, that is, the change of the organic matter ammonia-nitrogen content in water, automatically adjusted according to temperature change between pharmacy response usage ratio
Have a rest and prepare monochloramine.The common feature of existing patented method is automaticity height;Relative to manual operation, steady production is maintained
The technical guarantee of operation requires also high, and equipment investment is relatively more, and plant area is relatively large, to important reaction controlling condition
PH value is paid little attention to or is difficult to take into account.
The stability of monochloramine is poor, is easily decomposed when pH value surmounts optimum range, the accelerated decomposition when medium temperature is higher.
The synthesis and decomposition of monochloramine, reaction heat is very big, and it is difficult to improve compound concentration;The degraded of monochloramine declines with pH value, concentration
Higher, pH value decline is faster, makes raising compound concentration more difficult.Therefore, higher concentration such as 100ppm is that mass fraction is
The example of 0.01% monochloramine is not common.In addition, the main equipment for preparing monochloramine is all huger, common shows
With current almost without what connecting time, therefore, area of mill site reduced, reduce technique controlling difficulty, improve product
Yield and stability(Decomposition after reducing process for preparation and preparing), there is reality meaning well to the application for promoting monochloramine
Justice.
The content of the invention
The present invention solves the technical problem of, by a kind of inexpensive method, easily operated implementing process control
Method, synthesis with better stability, the monochloramine of higher concentration, its fast decoupled can be avoided, so as to develop skill effect
Fruit.
The technical scheme is that, there is provided a kind of preparation method of monochloro amine, comprise the following steps:
(1)Using ammonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite as reaction raw materials, the chloride leach in reaction raw materials is first obtained into ammonium chloride solution,
And the pH value of acid adding regulation ammonium chloride solution is 1-3;The acid is phosphoric acid and/or hydrochloric acid;
(2)Sodium hypochlorite is added into ammonium chloride solution again and is stirred, pH value is risen to 8-9;
(3)Sodium hypochlorite and the solution & stir of phosphoric acid are separately added into ammonium chloride solution again, makes the pH value of mixed solution
It is maintained at 8-9;Treat that sodium hypochlorite charging finishes, obtain the solution of monochloro amine.
It is of the invention to be with one very big difference of prior art:Course of reaction is controlled by controlling the pH value of solution, is carried
The stability of high product in aqueous.Wherein step(2)Preferably rapid loading, the time of charging and reaction is reduced;Step
(3)Using equalizing addition, i.e., fed again under conditions of the fluctuation range of strict control ph, avoid the monochloro amine point generated
Solution.
The monochloro amine solution that the preparation method of the present invention obtains is mainly used for the sterilization of running water, and the items of running water refer to
Mark is to need strict control.The property of dichlormaine and three chloramines, the sterilization of running water is not suitable for.Industrial other one
The method of a little synthesis monochloro amines may also be not particularly suited for the sterilization of running water.
Preferably, the step(3)In, the pH value of mixed solution is maintained at 8.6-8.9.By verification experimental verification, herein
Under pH value condition, the monochloro amine of generation is relatively stable.
Preferably, the step(3)In, the solution of phosphoric acid is phosphoric acid solution or the mixed liquor of phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, the step(3)In, in the solution of phosphoric acid, the concentration of phosphoric acid is less than 5%.The percentage is quality
Percentage, unless otherwise instructed, the solution concentration being related in the present invention are represented with mass fraction.
Preferably, in reaction raw materials, the mol ratio of ammonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite is less than or equal to 1.
Preferably, the step(2)In, the addition quality of sodium hypochlorite accounts for sodium hypochlorite gross mass in reaction raw materials
More than 50%, more preferably 50-60%.The step(3)In, the addition quality of sodium hypochlorite accounts for the total matter of sodium hypochlorite in reaction raw materials
Less than the 50% of amount, more preferably 40-50%.
Preferably, the step(1)In, the pH value for adjusting ammonium chloride solution is 1.6-3.
Preferably, the step(1)In, the acid is phosphoric acid and the mixed acid of hydrochloric acid composition;Wherein phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid
Mass ratio is 1:2-2:1.In order to cost-effective, and avoid introducing excessive P elements in running water, preferably mixed acid carries out acid
Change, and in step(3)In the control of pH value can also be carried out with this mixed acid.
Preferably, the step(1)In, the concentration of ammonium chloride solution is less than 3%.
Preferably, the step(2)And step(3)In, sodium hypochlorite is added in the form of liquor natrii hypochloritis.
Preferably, the concentration of the liquor natrii hypochloritis is less than 3%.
Preferably, the preparation method utilizes following device, and the device includes reactor, reactor respectively with sodium hypochlorite
Solution measuring tank, hydrochloric acid solution charging measuring tank, phosphoric acid solution charging measuring tank connect with water pipe, and liquor natrii hypochloritis adds
Flowmeter is provided between material measuring tank and reactor.Specific preparation method is as follows:Ammonium chloride is added into reactor, is dissolved in water
Afterwards, acid adding is adjusted to corresponding pH value, then liquor natrii hypochloritis is rapidly joined into reactor, during to pH value close to 9, slowly plus
Enter liquor natrii hypochloritis, and add phosphoric acid solution simultaneously, control flow makes pH value be in 8-9, preferably 8.6-8.9, adds by formula
Medicine finishes, you can obtains monochloro amine solution.
The present invention further provides a kind of device that monochloro amine is obtained using above-mentioned preparation method, the device includes reaction
Device, reactor respectively with liquor natrii hypochloritis feed measuring tank, hydrochloric acid solution charging measuring tank, phosphoric acid solution charging measuring tank and
Water pipe connects, and liquor natrii hypochloritis feeds and is provided with flowmeter between measuring tank and reactor.Preferably, feed and count in phosphoric acid solution
Flowmeter also is provided between measuring tank and reactor.
Now with the current manual method is still current popular a kind of method, and the present invention is pursued from the letter of technological principle source
Change manual method, lift the competitiveness of such method, be allowed to be more suitable for middle-size and small-size waterworks popularization.
The present invention is the now with the current artificial method for preparing monochloramine;The invention overcomes or alleviated by manual method as far as possible
Shortcoming, at the same as far as possible play and expand manual method the advantages of;In middle-size and small-size waterworks, application has stronger city for the invention
Field competitiveness.
Institute of the invention is further described using technical scheme below.The present invention uses Batch Process mode, raw material
Using being ammonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite, technique can be divided into six steps:
A, stock up:Prewired sodium hypochlorite, raw material sodium hypochlorite is diluted with water, concentration 0.5-1%;Prepared acid material, by raw material phosphoric acid
It is diluted with water, concentration 5% or so.Raw material hydrochloric acid is diluted with water to 5%.
B, ammonium chloride is dissolved.Directly throwing ammonium chloride and water to reactor makes chloride leach, concentration 1-2%.
C, ammonium chloride solution is acidified.Metered a little acid material makes the pH value of ammonium chloride solution drop to less than 3, preferably
1.6-3 more preferably 1.6-2.0.
D, early stage, reaction fed intake.The sodium hypochlorite of formula dosages more than half was quickly put into 3 minutes makes reaction solution pH
Value rises towards 9 from less than 3, then the water needed for input formula.
E, late phase reaction feed intake i.e. acid-base balance charging.Flow is controlled to add remainder i.e. about half formula at 15 minutes or so
The sodium hypochlorite of dosage, appropriate 5% or so phosphoric acid is added using control ph 8.6-8.9 as criterion.Ammonium chloride and all it is formulated
The molar ratio value of sodium hypochlorite is less than being equal to 1.
F, semi-finished product dilute.Semi-finished product are doubled to be diluted with water at once just to obtain finished product after reaction charging;Or root
Diluted according to the national standard of correlation, then output is provided from water application at once.The finished product NH of the present invention2Cl concentration can reach
1000ppm(Mass fraction 0.1%)Left and right.
In the preparation method of the present invention, the charging of sodium hypochlorite is divided into two steps(Step d and step e), its feed time and
Charging rate will meet control and require.Early stage, charging control was within 3 minutes, and later stage charging control is in 12-18 minutes, or control
At 15 minutes or so.
The preparation method of the present invention has following multiple advantages.
One of advantage, directly dissolved using ammonium chloride raw material in reactor, save ammonium chloride solution storage tank and its auxiliary
Equipment is helped, while also reasonably make use of the dissolving and heat absorbing of ammonium chloride, is beneficial to the control of reaction temperature.
The two of advantage, ammonium chloride just add sodium hypochlorite after all feeding intake, and this operating condition can ensure reacting
During ammonium chloride excess, be advantageous to control the generation of side reaction product dichlormaine and three chloramines.
The three of advantage, to the leading acidifying of ammonium chloride solution, condition is created for sodium hypochlorite rapid loading early stage, is advantageous to
Shorten the production cycle, acidifying, which just can guarantee that, in advance disposably adds more sodium hypochlorite material and be unlikely to make mixed material
PH value is higher, can avoid generating the decomposition of monochloro amine.
The four of advantage, do acid material using phosphoric acid and implement acid-base balance charging, phosphoric acid in rear stage and alkalescence material sodium hypochlorite
One multipotency fully demonstrated:Phosphoric acid is both sour material, and the inhibitor of harmful heavy metal ions, while is that pH value is delayed again
Electuary.Phosphoric acid neutralized reaction product is phosphate.The pH value of perlate salt is 9, can be delayed near pH=9 under product pH value
The speed of drop.PH value decline is extremely disadvantageous to the stability of product, monochloro amine product meeting fast decoupled, and the product after decomposing
Further promote the decline of pH value.In addition, according to the report of some documents, the pH value of the optimal stability of monochloro amine product may
In 8.3-8.5.
The five of advantage, reactant from mix after, complete reaction time be 7 minutes, monochloramine product produce and
Crucial moment after output is the later stage of present invention process process, extremely payes attention to the control of pH value condition, is recommendable, is
Science.With regard to control ph before the completion of reaction mass married operation, just control ph is completed afterwards than married operation, is more
Good technological improvement, there is superior technique effect.
The six of advantage, are changed to the conventional flowsheet for going out finished product from reactor therefrom to dump groove and go out finished product, are advantageous to
The labor productivity of main equipment reactor is improved, is advantageous to reduce the volume of reactor in other words.
Specifically, science is compared in the inventive method, the use of additive, and science is compared in reaction controlling segmentation;Production week
Phase is shorter, and the monochloro amine high conversion rate of product, equipment investment and occupation area of equipment are few;Simple to operate, control condition is easy to real
It is existing, to the quality of operating personnel also without higher requirement.Produce 50,000 tons of waterworks per month, compounding system only needs outfit 500
The reactor and 1000 liters of transfer storage tank and its especially small equipment container risen.
The inventive method, product cost is low, and product design is up to 1000ppm;Stability is relatively good, can be with storage-stable 30
Minute, resolution ratio 1%;After tested, the pH stable of product, decline slow.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 represents the device for preparing monochloro amine used in the embodiment of the present invention;
In figure, 1- transfer storage tanks;2- reactors;3- liquor natrii hypochloritises charging measuring tank;4- hydrochloric acid solutions charging measuring tank;5-
Phosphoric acid solution charging measuring tank;6- sodium hydroxide solution charging spouts;7- flowmeters.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
17 kilograms of raw material sodium hypochlorite of metering simultaneously put into liquor natrii hypochloritis's charging measuring tank 3(Hereinafter referred to as measuring tank 3), pass through
Measure 240 kilograms of raw water input measuring tanks 3 of pump-metered;Sodium hypochlorite concentration in terms of NaClO 0.7% in measuring tank 3, solution is total
257 kilograms of amount.1.3 kilograms of powder ammonium chlorides of metering simultaneously put into reactor 2;Inputted simultaneously with metering 85 kilograms of raw waters of pump-metered
Reactor 2;2 kilograms of 5%HCl are measured from the hydrochloric acid solution charging input reactor 2 of measuring tank 4 with level gauging method simultaneously;Reaction
In device 2, ammonium chloride concentration 1.465%, 88.3 kilograms of solution total amount, pH value 2.2.147 kilogram 0.7% was rapidly joined in 2 minutes
NaClO makes reacting liquid pH value rise to 8.9 to reactor 2, and 150 kilograms of raw waters are added to reactor 2 with pump-metered after rear.Open
While opening slower speed 0.7%NaClO is continuously added dropwise to reactor 2, the interval of measuring tank 5 is fed to reaction by phosphoric acid solution
5%H is added dropwise in device 23PO4, by the coutroi velocity of flowmeter 7, make the undulated control of reacting liquid pH value in the range of 8.6-8.9.Acid
When soda balance feeds, 0.7%NaClO rate of addition is 0.18 kilogram per second, adds 5% H of reactor 23PO4It is 3 kilograms.From
Reactor 2 exports 498 kilograms of semi-finished product to transfer storage tank 1, and transfer storage tank 1 is added with metering 500 kilograms of raw waters of pump-metered.From
Transfer storage tank 1 exports finished product monochloramine, NH2Cl contents 0.11%.Wherein, if due to NH in transfer storage tank 12Cl decomposition and cause
The reduction of pH value, control pH can be raised by sodium hydroxide solution charging spout 6.
Embodiment 2
17 kilograms of raw material sodium hypochlorite of metering simultaneously put into measuring tank 3,240 kilograms of raw water input measuring tanks 3 of metering pump-metered;Meter
Sodium hypochlorite concentration in terms of NaClO 0.7% in measuring tank 3,257 kilograms of solution total amount.1.3 kilograms of powder ammonium chlorides of metering are simultaneously put into
Reactor 2;Simultaneously with metering 88 kilograms of raw water input reactors 2 of pump-metered;Simultaneously 2.5 kilograms are measured with level gauging method
5%HCl from hydrochloric acid solution feed the input reactor 2 of measuring tank 4;In reactor 2, ammonium chloride concentration 1.41%, solution total amount 91.8
Kilogram, pH value 1.64.206 kilograms of 0.7%NaClO were rapidly joined in 2 minutes rises to reaction solution pH value to reactor 2
8.9,150 kilograms of raw waters are added to reactor 2 with pump-metered after rear.Open slower speed and 0.7%NaClO is continuously added dropwise to anti-
While answering device 2,5%H is added dropwise to reactor 2 by the phosphoric acid solution charging interval of measuring tank 53PO4, make the fluctuation of reacting liquid pH value
Control is in the range of 8.6-8.9.When acid-base balance feeds, 0.7%NaClO rate of addition is 0.1 kilogram per second, adds reaction
5% H of device 23PO4It is 1 kilogram.499.5 kilograms of semi-finished product are exported to transfer storage tank 1 from reactor 2, with metering pump-metered 500
Kilogram raw water adds transfer storage tank 1.Therefrom dump groove 1 and export finished product monochloramine, NH2Cl contents 0.11%, pH value 8.86.
Embodiment 3
17 kilograms of raw material sodium hypochlorite of metering simultaneously put into measuring tank 3,240 kilograms of raw water input measuring tanks 3 of metering pump-metered;Meter
Sodium hypochlorite concentration in terms of NaClO 0.7% in measuring tank 3,257 kilograms of solution total amount.1.3 kilograms of powder ammonium chlorides of metering are simultaneously put into
Reactor 2;Simultaneously with metering 88 kilograms of raw water input reactors 2 of pump-metered;Simultaneously 4 kilogram 5% is measured with level gauging method
Mixed acid input reactor 2, mixed acid are 5%HCl and 5% H3PO4By weight 1:1 mixing;In reactor 2, ammonium chloride concentration
1.39%, 93.3 kilograms of solution total amount, pH value 2.16.188 kilograms of 0.7%NaClO were rapidly joined in 2 minutes to be made to reactor 2
Reacting liquid pH value rises to 8.9, and 150 kilograms of raw waters are added to reactor 2 with pump-metered after rear.Slower speed is opened continuously to drip
While adding 0.7%NaClO to reactor 2,5% mixed acid intermittently is added dropwise to reactor 2, the undulated control of reacting liquid pH value is existed
In the range of 8.6-8.9.During acid-base balance, 0.7%NaClO rate of addition is 0.12 kilogram per second, and add reactor 2 5% is mixed
It is 1.6 kilograms to close acid.501.5 kilograms of semi-finished product are exported to transfer storage tank 1 from reactor 2, with metering 500 kilograms of originals of pump-metered
Expect that water adds transfer storage tank 1.Therefrom dump groove 1 and export finished product monochloramine, NH2Cl contents 0.11%.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of monochloro amine, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1)Using ammonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite as reaction raw materials, the chloride leach in reaction raw materials is first obtained into ammonium chloride solution,
And the pH value of acid adding regulation ammonium chloride solution is 1-3;The acid is phosphoric acid and/or hydrochloric acid;
(2)Sodium hypochlorite is added into ammonium chloride solution again and is stirred, pH value is risen to 8-9;
(3)Sodium hypochlorite and the solution of phosphoric acid are separately added into ammonium chloride solution again, and is stirred, makes the pH value of mixed solution
It is maintained at 8-9;Treat that sodium hypochlorite charging finishes, obtain the solution of monochloro amine.
2. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step(3)In, keep the pH value of mixed solution
In 8.6-8.9.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step(3)In, in the solution of phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid
Concentration be less than 5%.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step(1)In, adjust the pH value of ammonium chloride solution
For 1.6-3.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step(1)In, the acid is phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid group
Into mixed acid;Wherein the mass ratio of phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:2-2:1.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step(1)In, the concentration of ammonium chloride solution is 3%
Below.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step(2)And step(3)In, sodium hypochlorite with
The form of liquor natrii hypochloritis adds.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the concentration of the liquor natrii hypochloritis is less than 3%.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the preparation method utilizes following device, the device bag
Reactor is included, reactor is counted with liquor natrii hypochloritis's charging measuring tank, hydrochloric acid solution charging measuring tank, phosphoric acid solution charging respectively
Measuring tank connects with water pipe, and liquor natrii hypochloritis feeds and is provided with flowmeter between measuring tank and reactor.
A kind of 10. device that monochloro amine is obtained using any one of the claim 1-9 preparation methods, it is characterised in that the dress
Put and add respectively with liquor natrii hypochloritis's charging measuring tank, hydrochloric acid solution charging measuring tank, phosphoric acid solution including reactor, reactor
Material measuring tank connects with water pipe, and liquor natrii hypochloritis feeds and is provided with flowmeter between measuring tank and reactor.
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Cited By (1)
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CN111480656A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-04 | 同济大学 | Method suitable for efficiently preparing high-concentration disinfectant monochloramine in water works |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105236528A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-13 | 河海大学 | Novel chloramine adding system device and adding method thereof |
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CN105236528A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-13 | 河海大学 | Novel chloramine adding system device and adding method thereof |
Cited By (1)
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CN111480656A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-04 | 同济大学 | Method suitable for efficiently preparing high-concentration disinfectant monochloramine in water works |
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