CN107877959A - 一种碳纤维增强复合板 - Google Patents
一种碳纤维增强复合板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107877959A CN107877959A CN201711125043.2A CN201711125043A CN107877959A CN 107877959 A CN107877959 A CN 107877959A CN 201711125043 A CN201711125043 A CN 201711125043A CN 107877959 A CN107877959 A CN 107877959A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- poly
- phenylene sulfide
- layer
- composite plate
- reinforced composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- XWUCFAJNVTZRLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-thiabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound C1=C(S2)C=CC2=C1 XWUCFAJNVTZRLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- KTRUPFOKKFOPKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C1)=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C2SC2=C1 Chemical compound C(C=C1)=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C2SC2=C1 KTRUPFOKKFOPKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- YCSMVPSDJIOXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] YCSMVPSDJIOXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQPDQJCBHQPNCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=CC=C1 WQPDQJCBHQPNCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种碳纤维增强复合板，自上而下依次为聚对苯硫醚多孔层、粘合层、碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层，其制备方法包括：A模压成型制备第一片状材料；B模压成型制备第二片状材料；C在第一片状材料的上下表面分别设置第二片状材料，模压成型为第三片状材料；D：将第三片状材料浸泡于溶剂中，将制孔剂溶去，得到聚对苯硫醚多孔层；E：将碳纤维布和聚对苯硫醚树脂薄膜叠放、模压，形成碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层；F：将聚对苯硫醚多孔层、粘合层、碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层依次叠放，模压，形成碳纤维增强复合板。本发明制备的碳纤维增强复合板，具有较好的耐热性、抗冲击强度以及耐高温、耐腐蚀特性，制备工艺简单，便于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域，特别是涉及一种碳纤维增强复合板。
背景技术
聚苯硫醚（简称PPS）是分子主链中带有苯硫基的结晶性热塑性树脂，是一种综合性能优异的特种工程塑料，具有优良的耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐辐射、阻燃、均衡的物理机械性能和极好的尺寸稳定性以及优良的电性能等特点，被广泛用作结构性高分子材料，还可制成各种功能性的薄膜、涂层和复合材料，在电子电器、航空航天、汽车运输等领域获得广泛应用。由于PPS主链上大量的苯环增加了高分子链的刚性，使其性能脆、冲击韧性不高，因而在应用中受到了一定的限制。
碳纤维具有低密度、高比强度和比模量、耐高温、抗化学腐蚀、高热导、低热膨胀等优良特性，同时具有高的拉伸、抗冲击力学性能。由碳纤维制得产品如碳纤维短纤、碳纤维长丝、碳纤维布广泛运用于塑料制品的增强材料，提高塑料制品的力学性能。
采用碳纤维材料增强聚苯硫醚，可以大大改善PPS的韧性，有效提高PPS塑料的拉伸强度和冲击强度等力学性能。目前碳纤维布增强PPS材料已应用于汽车、航空航天、军工、机械等许多领域。
专利CN103709750A提出了碳纤维增强聚苯醚混合改性聚苯硫醚复合材料，通过在碳纤维和聚苯硫醚中加入聚苯醚和助剂，以此来提高材料的流动性、相容性、粘结性和韧性，得到一种高韧性高强度的碳纤维增强改性聚苯硫醚复合材料。
专利CN104109380A提出了一种聚苯硫醚用增强剂及由其制备的高强度聚苯硫醚，通过在聚苯硫醚中加入碳纳米管- 铜复合粉、碳纤维和分散剂、助溶剂等材料来制备一种碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合材料。
专利CN105348796A提出了一种碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合材料，通过用硅烷偶联剂和硝酸铈铵对碳纤维进行改性，并加入可溶性聚四氟乙烯来提高复合材料的韧性和耐热性。
专利CN106217825A提出了一种制备碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚热塑性复合材料的方法，通过这种方法制备出的复合材料具有孔隙率极其低的内部微观形态结构，使其具有更高的抗冲击强度。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供了一种碳纤维增强复合板，同时提供一种制备碳纤维增强复合板的方法，从而提高复合板的耐热性、抗冲击强度以及耐高温、耐腐蚀特性。
一种碳纤维增强复合板，具有多层结构，自上而下依次为聚对苯硫醚多孔层、粘合层、碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层，其中，所述粘合层为聚对苯硫醚-间苯硫醚共聚物、聚对苯硫醚-亚芳基硫醚共聚物中的一种或两种，所述聚对苯硫醚多孔层具有表面孔和内部孔。
聚对苯硫醚多孔层位于复合板内部，含有很多微孔，既起到降低复合板的表观密度，又可以使粘合层进入微孔中，提高两者的粘合力，增强材料的力学性能。
粘合层位于聚对本硫醚多孔层和碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层，用于粘合聚对苯硫醚多孔层和碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层，提高材料各层间的粘合力，提高复合板的整体性和力学性能。
碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层是复合板的外层，保证材料具有优异的耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐辐射、阻燃和耐冲击、高强度的性能。碳纤维布是指有碳纤维编织而成的二维材料，存在于聚对苯硫醚内部，用于聚对苯硫醚的力学强度，优选的，碳纤维布还经过表面改性，具体如表面氧化改性，并接枝聚碳化二亚胺、多元羧酸、脂肪酸聚酯、环氧化合物等，可以提高碳纤维布和聚对苯硫醚的界面相容性，提高复合板的力学性能。
粘合层熔点低于聚对苯硫醚多孔层和碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层，确保在粘合过程中它们结构不发生变化，保障材料的性能不受影响，并且，同类材料的相容性更好，粘合强度更高。
优选地，所述聚对苯硫醚多孔层的表面孔的平均孔径为1微米~50微米、孔径分布小于1.2。有利于提高其与粘合层的粘合力和材料结构和性能均一性。平均孔径是指多孔材料的数量平均孔径（即数均孔径），孔径分布表征多孔材料中孔径均一性，平均孔径和孔径分布一般同制孔剂的数均粒径和粒径分布相等或接近且无实质性差异。平均孔径小于1微米，进入微孔的粘合层树脂的粘合力不够；平均孔径大于50微米，进入微孔的粘合层树脂的均一性差异性太大，降低材料内部结构的均一性，从而影响材料性能的稳定。孔径分布大于1.2，也同样降低材料内部结构的均一性，影响性能的均一性。优选平均孔径为10~30微米，孔径分布小于1.1。
优选地，所述的聚对苯硫醚多孔层的内部孔的平均孔径为10微米~100微米、孔径分布小于1.2，且聚对苯硫醚多孔层内部孔的平均孔径大于表面孔的平均孔径。内部孔可以有效的降低复合板的表观密度，平均孔径小于10微米，会使制孔剂不易除去，内部孔不易生成；平均粒径大于100微米，影响材料的结构和性能均一性。当聚对苯硫醚多孔层内部孔的平均粒径小于表面孔的平均粒径，对材料表观密度下降帮助不大。优选聚对苯硫醚多孔层内部孔的平均孔径为30~80微米，孔径分布小于1.1。
优选地，所述聚对苯硫醚多孔层的孔隙率大于20%，可以进一步提高其与粘合层的粘合力并降低复合板表观密度，优选聚对苯硫醚多孔层的孔隙率大于30%。
优选地，所述聚对苯硫醚多孔层含有增强型填料，增强型填料可以为颗粒填料如滑石粉、陶土、玻璃球、氧化铝、碳酸钙、硫酸钡；纤维填料如玻璃纤维短纤、碳纤维短纤等。可以提高多孔材料力学强度和韧性，并有利于孔径的均一性。为了保证结构的力学强度和韧性，优选所述的增强型填料为碳纤维短纤；更优选的，碳纤维短纤也经过与上述碳纤维布相同的表面改性处理，来提高其与聚对苯硫醚的界面相容性，增加碳纤维增强复合板力学强度和韧性。
一种碳纤维增强复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，依次包含以下步骤：
A：将聚对苯硫醚、第一制孔剂混合均匀，模压成型为第一片状材料：
其中，第一制孔剂是平均粒径为10微米~100微米、粒径分布小于1.2的碳酸盐，如碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸钡，优选为平均粒径为30~80微米、粒径分布小于1.1的碳酸钙，混合温度和模压温度均高于280℃，优选大于290℃，第一制孔剂的质量为聚对苯硫醚质量的1~80%，优选为20~60%；
B：将聚对苯硫醚、第二制孔剂混合均匀，模压成型为第二片状材料：
其中，第二制孔剂是平均粒径为1微米~50微米、粒径分布小于1.2的碳酸盐，如碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸钡，优选为平均粒径为10~30微米、粒径分布小于1.1的碳酸钙。混合温度和模压温度均高于280℃，优选大于290℃，第二制孔剂的质量为聚对苯硫醚质量的10~80%，优选为20~60%；
C：在步骤A制得的第一片状材料的上下表面分别设置步骤B制得的第二片状材料，模压成型为第三片状材料，其中，模压温度高于280℃，优选大于290℃；
D：将步骤C制得的第三片状材料浸泡于溶剂中，将制孔剂溶去，得到聚对苯硫醚多孔层：
其中，溶剂是pH<6的水溶液，如盐酸溶液、硝酸溶液、醋酸溶液，优选为PH<3的盐酸溶液，浸泡时间以保证其中的制孔剂溶解去除为准，优选为10~30min；
E：将碳纤维布和聚对苯硫醚树脂薄膜叠放、模压，形成碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层，其中，模压温度高于280℃，优选大于290℃；
F：将步骤D制得的聚对苯硫醚多孔层、粘合层、步骤E制得的碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层依次叠放，模压，形成碳纤维增强复合板，其中，模压温度在170~280℃之间，优选为220~260℃。
优选地，在所述的步骤A和B中，还需添加增强型填料，所述的增强型填料为碳纤维短纤，碳纤维短纤质量为聚对苯硫醚的10~60%，优选为20~40%。
优选地，所述的第一制孔剂和/或第二制孔剂的表面包覆有水溶性聚合物层，其制备方法通过将第一制孔剂和第二制孔剂浸渍于含有所述水溶性聚合物的水溶液后，取出，干燥后制得。
其中，水溶性聚合物是指一种可以在水中溶解或溶胀而形成溶液或分散液的高分子材料及其混合物，它们可以加快步骤C中的酸性水溶液浸润第三片状材料的速率，加快制孔剂溶解速率和溶解数量。具体包括并不限于淀粉、阿拉伯胶、骨胶、明胶、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸、聚氧化乙烯中的一种或多种。优选的，水溶性聚合物是聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚乙二醇的均聚物、共聚物中的一种或多种。溶液中水溶性聚合物的质量分数为5%~30%，制孔剂在水溶性聚合物的水溶液中浸泡时间大于20min，优选大于30min，干燥方式可以选择自然晾干、风干或烘干，烘干温度优选为50~80℃。
进一步的，碳纤维增强复合板制备方法步骤D的溶剂中含有阴离子表面活性剂。阴离子表面活性剂是指在水中电离后起表面活性作用的部分带负电荷的表面活性剂，可以帮助溶剂渗入材料中，提高溶解制孔剂的速率和数量。其大致分为羧酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸酯盐和磷酸酯盐四大类，具体如阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、脂肪酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠等。
有益效果
本发明的碳纤维增强复合板由多层结构粘合而成，外层的碳纤维增强聚对苯硫醚层具有很好的耐溶剂性、耐高温和力学性能。内层的聚对苯硫醚多孔层，有大量微孔，可以降低复合板的表观密度，使材料轻量化。两者之间的粘合层的熔融温度较低可以用于粘合碳纤维增强聚对苯硫醚层聚对苯硫醚多孔层，确保在加工中不破坏他们的结构，保证其优良的性能。本发明的碳纤维增强复合板具有质量轻、强度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优点，可以用于交通运输和航空航天领域。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及的测试项目及其测试方法：
（1）孔隙率：将样品沿多孔层与其它层的界面切开，按照标准GB/T 21650.1-2008中压汞法测试多孔层的孔隙率。
（2）表面孔和断面孔的平均孔径：将样品沿多孔层与其它层的界面切开，使用扫描电子显微镜观察断面，在原第一片状材料处选取至少300个孔，计算数量平均孔径，作为断面孔的平均孔径；在原第二片状材料处选取至少300个孔，计算数量平均孔径，作为表面孔的平均孔径。孔径分布=体积平均孔径/数量平均孔径
（3）平均粒径及粒径分布：使用光散射法测量，以直径的数均平均值作为样品的平均粒径；粒径分布用光散射法测量测定，其中，粒径分布=体积平均粒径/数量平均粒径。
（4）拉伸强度：按照GB/T 1447-2005进行。将样品裁成Ⅰ型式样，长度180mm；拉伸速度10mm/min。
（5）弯曲强度：按照GB/T 1449-2005进行。将样品裁成长×宽=80mm×10mm；测试速度2mm/min。
（6）层间剪切强度：按照GB/T 1450.1-2005进行，测试速度10mm/min。
（7）冲击强度：按照 GB/T1043-93进行，将样品裁成标准中所述的具有V型缺口的标准冲击样条。
本发明实施例和对比例所用原料如下：
【聚对苯硫醚】
A：聚对苯硫醚薄膜，日本东丽株式会社产，厚度为0.115mm，熔点为280℃；
【制孔剂】
B1：碳酸钙颗粒，市售，使用粉碎机粉碎至数均粒径为5微米的颗粒，粒径分布为1.1。
B2：碳酸钙颗粒，市售，使用粉碎机粉碎至数均粒径为20微米的颗粒，粒径分布为1.15。
B3：碳酸钙颗粒，市售，使用粉碎机粉碎至数均粒径为60微米的颗粒，粒径分布为1.1。
【增强型填料】
C：碳纤维短纤，东丽株式会社产T010-006，长度6mm。
【水溶性聚合物】
D：聚丙烯酸，上海紫一试剂厂产。
【阴离子表面活性剂】
E1：阴离子聚丙烯酰胺，苏州昊诺工贸有限公司售。
E2：脂肪酸钠，苏州昊诺工贸有限公司售。
E3：十二烷基硫酸钠，苏州昊诺工贸有限公司售。
【碳纤维布】
F：碳纤维布，东丽株式会社产T300-100，厚度0.15mm。
【粘合层】
G1：聚对苯硫醚-间苯硫醚薄膜；日本东丽株式会社产，厚度0.1mm；熔点250℃。
G2：聚对苯硫醚-亚芳基硫醚薄膜；日本东丽株式会社产，厚度0.2mm；熔点240℃。
实施例1~10
根据表1中各层结构的原料和配方，并参考如下方法制备出碳纤维增强复合板。
A：将聚对苯硫醚薄膜加热到300℃熔融，并与第一制孔剂（质量为聚对苯硫醚质量的50%）、增强型填料（质量为聚对苯硫醚质量的30%）混合均匀，并在此温度下真空模压成型，得到2mm厚第一片状材料。
B：将聚对苯硫醚薄膜加热到300℃熔融、并与第二制孔剂（质量为聚对苯硫醚质量的50%）、增强型填料（质量为聚对苯硫醚质量的30%）混合均匀，并在此温度下真空模压成型，得到3mm厚第二片状材料。
C：在一层第一片状材料的上下表面分别设置一层第二片状材料，并加热300℃真空模压成型为第三片状材料。
D：将第三片状材料浸泡于含有pH=2的盐酸、3wt%的阴离子表面活性剂的混合溶液中20min，将制孔剂溶去，取出用水冲洗干净并放入烘箱中于60℃温度下烘干，得到聚对苯硫醚多孔层。
E：将总厚度比为1:2的多层碳纤维布和聚对苯硫醚薄膜交替叠放在模具中，加热到300℃真空模压成型，得到3mm厚碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层。
F：将一层聚对苯硫醚多孔层放在两层粘合层中间，再将它们将放在两层碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层中间，加热到260℃真空模压，得到碳纤维增强复合板。
特别的，实施例7~10中的第一制孔剂和第二制孔剂在加入聚苯硫醚熔体前，先放入10wt%的聚丙烯酸水溶液中30min后，取出于60℃温度下烘干，制备出表面包覆有水溶性聚合物层的制孔剂。
表1
对比例1
运用实施例1的碳纤维布和聚对苯硫醚薄膜按照厚度比1:2交替叠放在模具中，加热到300℃真空模压成型，得到厚度与实施例中复合板相同的碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚复合材料。
对比例2
在实施例1的原料和配方的基础上，在聚对苯硫醚多孔层和碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层之间不设置粘合层，参考实施例的制备方法制备得到碳纤维复合材料。
对比例3
在实施例1的原料和配方的基础上，在制备聚对苯硫醚多孔层时，不加入制孔剂，参考实施例的制备方法制备得到碳纤维复合材料。
测定对比例和实施例制备的碳纤维复合材料的相关性能，测试结果如下表2所示：
表2
| 类别 | 聚对苯硫醚多孔层孔隙率（%） | 拉伸强度（MPa） | 弯曲强度（MPa） | 层间剪切强度（MPa） | 冲击强度（kJ/m2） |
| 实施例1 | 30 | 654 | 678 | 42 | 46 |
| 实施例2 | 24 | 658 | 682 | 47 | 49 |
| 实施例3 | 34 | 655 | 676 | 41 | 46 |
| 实施例4 | 28 | 668 | 692 | 53 | 52 |
| 实施例5 | 33 | 775 | 704 | 58 | 54 |
| 实施例6 | 36 | 811 | 752 | 70 | 64 |
| 实施例7 | 44 | 820 | 768 | 75 | 68 |
| 实施例8 | 44 | 825 | 780 | 76 | 70 |
| 实施例9 | 44 | 822 | 767 | 75 | 68 |
| 实施例10 | 44 | 826 | 781 | 76 | 70 |
| 对比例1 | — | 662 | 690 | 44 | 26 |
| 对比例2 | 16 | 656 | 685 | 36 | 32 |
| 对比例3 | 0 | 821 | 743 | 55 | 44 |
对比例1经测试不存在多孔层；对比例3经测试多孔率为0。各实施例和对比例中，多孔层的表面孔和断面孔的平均直径与其中所含的制孔剂的平均粒径相等或接近且无实质性差异。
从表2的数据可以看出，与对比例相比，实施例的碳纤维复合材料层间剪切强度和冲击强度有很大提高，质量轻，强度高，耐高温腐蚀，可以运用于生产生活的很多方面，特别适合运用到汽车、高速铁路、航空等交通运输领域。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据技术方案及发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种碳纤维增强复合板，其特征在于，具有多层结构，自上而下依次为聚对苯硫醚多孔层、粘合层、碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层，其中，所述粘合层为聚对苯硫醚-间苯硫醚共聚物、聚对苯硫醚-亚芳基硫醚共聚物中的一种或两种，所述聚对苯硫醚多孔层具有表面孔和内部孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维增强复合板，其特征在于，所述聚对苯硫醚多孔层的表面孔的平均孔径为1微米~50微米、孔径分布小于1.2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维增强复合板，其特征在于，所述的聚对苯硫醚多孔层的内部孔的平均孔径为10微米~100微米、孔径分布小于1.2，且聚对苯硫醚多孔层内部孔的平均孔径大于表面孔的平均孔径。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的碳纤维增强复合板，其特征在于，所述聚对苯硫醚多孔层的孔隙率大于20%。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的碳纤维增强复合板，其特征在于，所述聚对苯硫醚多孔层含有增强型填料，所述增强型填料为碳纤维短纤。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种碳纤维增强复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，依次包含以下步骤：
A：将聚对苯硫醚、第一制孔剂混合均匀，模压成型为第一片状材料，其中，第一制孔剂是平均粒径为10微米~100微米、粒径分布小于1.2的碳酸盐，混合温度和模压温度均高于280℃；
B：将聚对苯硫醚、第二制孔剂混合均匀，模压成型为第二片状材料，其中，混合温度和模压温度均高于280℃，第二制孔剂是平均粒径为1微米~50微米、粒径分布小于1.2的碳酸盐；
C：在步骤A制得的第一片状材料的上下表面分别设置步骤B制得的第二片状材料，模压成型为第三片状材料，其中，模压温度高于280℃；
D：将步骤C制得的第三片状材料浸泡于溶剂中，将制孔剂溶去，得到聚对苯硫醚多孔层，其中，溶剂是pH<6的水溶液；
E：将碳纤维布和聚对苯硫醚树脂薄膜叠放、模压，形成碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层，其中，模压温度高于280℃；
F：将步骤D制得的聚对苯硫醚多孔层、粘合层、步骤E制得的碳纤维布增强聚对苯硫醚层依次叠放，模压，形成碳纤维增强复合板，其中，模压温度在170~280℃之间。
7.权利要求6所述的碳纤维增强复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述的步骤A和B中，还需添加增强型填料，所述的增强型填料为碳纤维短纤。
8.权利要求6所述的碳纤维增强复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的第一制孔剂和/或第二制孔剂的表面包覆有水溶性聚合物层，其通过将第一制孔剂和第二制孔剂浸渍于含有所述水溶性聚合物的水溶液后，取出，干燥后制得。
9.权利要求8所述的碳纤维增强复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述水溶性聚合物是聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚乙二醇的均聚物、共聚物中的一种或多种。
10.权利要求6所述的碳纤维增强复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂中含有阴离子表面活性剂，选自阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、脂肪酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠中的任意一种。
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