CN107876949B - Plasma alloying method for steel rails - Google Patents
Plasma alloying method for steel rails Download PDFInfo
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- CN107876949B CN107876949B CN201711214577.2A CN201711214577A CN107876949B CN 107876949 B CN107876949 B CN 107876949B CN 201711214577 A CN201711214577 A CN 201711214577A CN 107876949 B CN107876949 B CN 107876949B
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- cladding
- steel rail
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- alloy
- plasma welding
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
- B23K10/027—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/003—Cooling means
Abstract
The invention discloses a steel rail plasma cladding alloying method, which belongs to the technical field of rail cladding and is characterized by comprising the following steps of a, placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with a th moving trolley, cladding an alloy on a part to be clad on a steel rail head tread by the plasma welding gun, and b, enabling an alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy to be located on the inner side of the center of the steel rail head tread, enabling the width of the alloy strip to be 4-40mm, and controlling the thickness of a heat affected zone of the steel rail to be 0.3-3 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail cladding, in particular to a plasma cladding alloying method for steel rails.
Background
The track circuit is an electric loop formed by connecting a signal power supply and a receiving device by a lead wire in a section where a train rarely passes through for a long time, such as a railway shunting line, a cargo line, a special line and the like, the rail surface of the rail is seriously oxidized and rusted, when the train runs on the severely rusted rail, although the wheels of the train are in contact with the rail but are not conducted, the track circuit loses the function of checking the occupation state of the rail section, the phenomenon is called that the shunt of the track circuit is poor, layers of rust-proof wear-resistant alloy belts are cladded on the head tread of the rail in the poor shunt section of the track circuit, so that the wheels are effectively contacted with the rust-proof wear-resistant alloy belts, and the poor shunt of the track circuit can be effectively eliminated.
The steel rail is made of high-carbon steel, and the matrix structure of the heat affected zone of the steel rail can be subjected to phase change in the cladding process. After cladding, the surface is rapidly cooled, and the speed of the surface cooling speed determines the structure of a heat affected zone.
According to the CCT curve of the steel rail, when the cooling speed is slow, the heat affected zone structure becomes pearlite, the structure is the same as the original steel rail structure, the mechanical property of the heat affected zone is unchanged, when the cooling speed is fast, the heat affected zone structure becomes martensite, the martensite is hard and brittle structures, the toughness of the steel rail is greatly reduced, and the steel rail is easy to crack under the rolling pressure of a train, so that the rail is broken.
In order to avoid martensite generation, the existing steel rail cladding alloy technology adopts an induction heating method, and a rail head is rapidly heated after cladding. The induction heater is close to a welding gun, moves along with the welding gun, and is rapidly heated, so that the cooling speed of the heat affected zone of the steel rail after cladding is reduced, martensite is prevented from being generated in the heat affected zone of the steel rail, and the heat affected zone obtains a pearlite structure.
For example, Chinese patent document with publication number CN 103132008A, published as 2013, 06, 05 discloses induction heaters and a method for non-preheating cladding alloy on a steel rail, wherein the induction heaters are characterized by comprising a heating area and a heating area II, the heating area is divided into two heating surfaces, the shape of the heating area is a trapezoidal shape lacking a lower bottom, the shape of the heating area II is a U shape, two waists of the trapezoidal heating surface and the heating surface of the U shape are connected from , an included angle is formed between the heating area and the second heating surface, the heating area II is a -shaped structure, the heating area II is connected with the heating area 5, the heating area II and the heating area are located on the same horizontal plane as , the heating area and the heating area II are formed by bending, bending or welding a copper pipe or a silver pipe, the copper pipe or the silver pipe comprises a heating area located on the horizontal plane, the heating area III, the heating area IV, the heating area III, the heating area IV, the heating area III, the heating area IV heating area III, the heating area III, the heating area III, the heating area III, the heating area III, the heating area III, the heating area III, the heating area III.
The induction heater and the method for non-preheating cladding of alloy on the steel rail disclosed by the patent document are characterized in that the preheating of the steel rail is cancelled through the arrangement of a welding gun and the induction heater; the specific structural design of the induction heater enables the induction heating efficiency to be higher and the energy to be saved more.
Also, as disclosed in chinese patent publication No. CN 103484855a, published as 2014, 01, methods for heating and cladding alloy on a steel rail to solve the problem of poor shunting are disclosed, which is characterized in that a welding gun is arranged above a to-be-clad part of a steel rail tread, a planar induction heater is arranged behind the welding gun, the planar induction heater is composed of a th heating surface and a second heating surface which are on the same horizontal plane and connected to , the th heating surface is trapezoidal or square or circular, the second heating surface is of a structure shaped like a Chinese character '', the position of the planar induction heater on the steel rail transverse tread surface is adjustable, the welding gun longitudinally moves along the steel rail tread surface to clad alloy powder on the to-be-clad part of the steel rail to form an alloy strip, the planar induction heater also moves along with the welding gun to heat the steel rail tread surface, and the moving speed of the planar induction heater.
The method for heating and cladding alloy on the steel rail to solve the poor shunting is characterized in that steps are carried out to improve the structure of an induction heater, so that a cladding alloy belt can be positioned on the inner side of a tread of the steel rail, the alloy belt is convenient to well contact with a wheel, and the heating efficiency is further improved steps.
In the prior art represented by the patent documents, the cooling speed of a cladding heat affected zone needs to be controlled in the process of cladding alloy on a steel rail, and the following defects exist:
1. the field construction is restricted by equipment conditions, construction conditions and technical conditions, and the phenomena of overlarge heating equipment, low construction speed and low efficiency exist. The cooling speed of the steel rail heat affected zone is related to the ambient temperature of the steel rail, the induction heating power and the cladding moving speed, the three factors affect each other, for example, the lower the ambient temperature of the steel rail is, the larger the induction heating power is, the slower the cladding moving speed is, the overlarge heating power is, and the steel rail can deform, particularly a switch point.
2. The power of the generator is adopted for power supply in the cladding site construction, if the power of the generator exceeds 40kw, the equipment is too heavy and cannot be carried by workers, the cladding moving speed is too slow, the cladding speed is usually 30-40m/h, the poor shunting section is 60-100 m/position, the skylight operation time is only 1 h/day, 2-3 days are needed for 1 poor shunting section construction, the construction efficiency is low, and the cost is high.
3. In northern China and high-altitude areas, the temperature is low in winter, and the existing alloy cladding method is limited in use. The lower the ambient temperature is, the faster the temperature of the cladding heat affected zone is reduced. The temperature reduction speed is more than 2.5 ℃/s, and martensite is generated; the environmental temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the cooling speed is difficult to control within 2.5 ℃/s, and the temperature is usually lower than 5 ℃ in northern China and high-altitude areas.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides steel rail plasma cladding alloy methods, which do not need to control the cooling speed of the cladding heat affected zone, can reduce the volume and weight of a steel rail cladding machine, and improve the cladding applicability and the cladding efficiency.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
method for plasma cladding alloy on steel rail, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley, and cladding alloy on the upper part of a part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 4-40mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 0.3-3 mm.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0-0.3% of C, 0-0.3% of Cr, 1-2% of B, 0-10% of Fe, 0-0.2% of Mn, 2-4% of Si, 0-0.2% of Mo and the balance of Ni.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0-0.3% of C, 2-5% of Cr, 1-2% of B, 0-10% of Fe, 2-4% of Si and the balance of Ni.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0-0.2% of C, 14-20% of Cr, 8-14% of Ni, 0-1% of B, 0-1.5% of Si, 0-2% of Mn and the balance of Fe.
The steel rail cladding machine comprises an th moving trolley, a second moving trolley, a cladding heating device, a power supply device and a gas supply device, the power supply device and the gas supply device are fixed on the second moving trolley, the cladding heating device comprises a cladding rack, a heating mechanism, a plasma welding machine, a cooling mechanism and an argon gas cylinder, the cladding rack and the argon gas cylinder are installed on the th moving trolley, the heating mechanism, the cooling mechanism and the plasma welding machine are all arranged on the cladding rack, the cooling mechanism and the argon gas cylinder are all connected with the plasma welding machine, the plasma welding machine moves along the Y-axis direction, the gas supply device is connected with the heating mechanism, and the heating mechanism moves along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
The plasma welding machine comprises a plasma welding gun, a welding power supply, a powder feeder, a oscillator and a transverse moving part, wherein the powder feeder is fixed on the oscillator, the oscillator is arranged on the transverse moving part, the welding power supply is connected with the plasma welding gun, and the plasma welding gun is connected with an argon bottle.
The heating mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a screw rod seat, a screw rod, a Y-axis sliding block, a connecting piece and a flame head, an X-axis sliding groove is formed in the cladding rack, the screw rod seat is connected with the X-axis sliding groove in a sliding mode, the Y-axis sliding block is arranged on the screw rod, the screw rod is arranged on the screw rod seat, the stepping motor is connected with the screw rod, the connecting piece is connected with the Y-axis sliding block, a Z-axis sliding groove is formed in the connecting piece, a Z-axis sliding block is connected to the Z-axis sliding groove in a sliding mode, and the.
The cooling mechanism comprises a circulating water tank and a refrigeration compressor fixed on the circulating water tank, and the refrigeration compressor is connected with the plasma welding gun.
The th travelling car and the second travelling car both comprise a frame, wheels, a coupling sleeve and a driving motor, the frame is formed by connecting an aluminum alloy frame and a steel plate, the driving motor is fixed on the steel plate, and a motor shaft of the driving motor is connected with the wheel shafts of the wheels through the coupling sleeve.
The power supply device comprises four diesel engines, and the four diesel engines are all fixed on the second movable trolley.
The gas supply device comprises an oxygen cylinder and a liquefied gas cylinder which are used for supplying gas to the flame head, and the oxygen cylinder and the liquefied gas cylinder are fixed on the second moving trolley.
The number of the cladding heating devices is two, and the two cladding heating devices are arranged on the th moving trolley in parallel.
The plasma welding machine further comprises a PLC, the PLC is respectively connected with the plasma welding machine, the cooling mechanism, the th moving trolley, the second moving trolley and the power supply device, and is used for controlling the plasma welding machine to start, feed powder and swing, controlling the cooling mechanism to start and adjust the temperature, controlling the th moving trolley and the second moving trolley to start and stop, and controlling the power supply device to supply power.
The driving motor is a planetary gear speed reducing motor.
The thickness of the heat affected zone refers to the maximum thickness dimension in the heat affected zone.
The X-axis direction refers to the direction same as the length direction of the steel rail; the Y-axis direction is the same direction as the width direction of the steel rail; the Z-axis direction is the same direction as the height direction of the rail.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a steel rail alloy cladding method, which is characterized in that the temperature reduction speed of a cladding heat affected zone is controlled to obtain a pearlite structure, the temperature reduction speed of the heat affected zone is not controlled after plasma cladding, so that martensite is directly obtained by rapidly cooling the heat affected zone, a foundation is laid for timely converting the martensite into tempered sorbite or tempered sorbite and tempered sorbite or tempered sorbite for subsequent tempering, the martensite is hard and brittle structures, the toughness of the steel rail is greatly reduced, but no external force is added to the steel rail in period after the martensite is generated, the martensite does not cause the steel rail to crack.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following aspects:
, according to the invention, a steel rail cladding machine is placed on a steel rail, a plasma welding gun on the steel rail cladding machine moves at a constant speed along with a th moving trolley, the plasma welding gun claddes alloy on the upper part of a part to be cladded of a tread of a rail head, b, an alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the tread of the rail head, the width of the alloy strip is 4-40mm, the thickness of a heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 0.3-3mm, the alloy strip processed by the step a and the step b can rapidly cool the heat affected zone to directly obtain martensite, and the martensite is timely converted into a tempered sorbite or a tempered sorbite plus a tempered troostite or a troostite for post-tempering, so that the cooling speed of the cladding heat affected zone does not need to be controlled, the problem of the prior art caused by controlling the cooling speed of the heat affected zone can be solved, the volume and the weight of the steel rail cladding machine can.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0-0.3% of C, 0-0.3% of Cr, 1-2% of B, 0-10% of Fe, 0-0.2% of Mn, 2-4% of Si, 0-0.2% of Mo and the balance of Ni, the steel rail performance can be kept unchanged by adopting the alloy with the specific proportion, and the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the alloy strip can be improved due to the high content of the alloy element Ni.
In the step a, the alloy comprises 0-0.3% of C, 2-5% of Cr, 1-2% of B, 0-10% of Fe, 2-4% of Si and the balance of Ni by weight percent, and the alloy with the specific proportion can keep the performance of the steel rail unchanged, improve the content of Cr, has higher content of alloy element Ni and can further improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy strip by steps.
Fourthly, in the invention, in the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0-0.2% of C, 14-20% of Cr, 8-14% of Ni, 0-1% of B, 0-1.5% of Si, 0-2% of Mn and the balance of Fe, and the content of the alloy element Ni is less, so that the cost can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the basic wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy strip.
The steel rail cladding machine comprises an th moving trolley, a second moving trolley, a cladding heating device, a power supply device and a gas supply device, wherein the power supply device and the gas supply device are fixed on the second moving trolley, the cladding heating device comprises a cladding rack, a heating mechanism, a plasma welding machine, a cooling mechanism and an argon bottle, the cladding rack and the argon bottle are installed on the th moving trolley, the heating mechanism, the cooling mechanism and the plasma welding machine are all arranged on the cladding rack, the cooling mechanism and the argon bottle are all connected with the plasma welding machine, the plasma welding machine moves along the Y-axis direction, the gas supply device is connected with the heating mechanism, the heating mechanism moves along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the heating mechanism, the plasma welding machine and the cooling mechanism are organically integrated on the th moving trolley, the structure of the cladding machine is compact, the space and the size of the cladding machine are reduced to the maximum extent, the gas supply device can provide sufficient gas source for the heating mechanism, the power supply for the whole cladding machine, the stability and the continuity of the whole steel rail can be moved along the th moving trolley, the length of the steel rail cladding machine can be matched with the heating mechanism, the cladding machine can be improved in the heating efficiency and the cladding efficiency of the cladding machine can be improved more completely.
Sixthly, the plasma welding machine comprises a plasma welding gun, a welding power supply, a powder feeder, a oscillator and a transverse moving part, wherein the powder feeder is fixed on the oscillator, the oscillator is arranged on the transverse moving part, the welding power supply is connected with the plasma welding gun, the plasma welding gun is connected with an argon bottle, the plasma welding gun can move along the Y-axis direction under the action of the transverse moving part, namely, alloy is cladded in the width direction of a part to be cladded of a steel rail, the argon bottle and the plasma welding gun form a cladding protection gas path, and can be used for further ensuring cladding stability.
Seventhly, the heating mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a screw rod seat, a screw rod, a Y-axis sliding block, a connecting piece and a flame head, an X-axis sliding groove is formed in the cladding rack, the screw rod seat is connected with the X-axis sliding groove in a sliding mode, the Y-axis sliding block is arranged on the screw rod, the screw rod is arranged on the screw rod seat, the stepping motor is connected with the screw rod, the connecting piece is connected with the Y-axis sliding block, a Z-axis sliding groove is formed in the connecting piece, the Z-axis sliding block is connected with the Z-axis sliding groove in a sliding mode, and the Z-axis sliding block is connected with the flame head.
Eighthly, the cooling mechanism comprises a circulating water tank and a refrigeration compressor fixed on the circulating water tank, the refrigeration compressor is connected with the plasma welding gun to form a circulating water path, the plasma welding gun can be circularly refrigerated, the cooling effect of the plasma welding gun is ensured, and the cladding stability is further improved.
The th travelling car and the second travelling car respectively comprise a car frame, wheels, a coupling sleeve and a driving motor, the car frame is formed by connecting an aluminum alloy frame and a steel plate, the driving motor is fixed on the steel plate, and a motor shaft of the driving motor is connected with the wheel shaft of the wheels through the coupling sleeve.
The power supply device comprises four diesel engines which are all fixed on the second moving trolley, so that abundant electric energy can be provided for the whole cladding machine, and the cladding requirement is met.
Ten , according to the invention, the gas supply device comprises the oxygen cylinder and the liquefied gas cylinder which are used for supplying gas to the flame head, the oxygen cylinder and the liquefied gas cylinder are fixed on the second moving trolley, the oxygen cylinder and the liquefied gas cylinder move along with cladding, the gas source is stable, the working reliability of the flame head can be effectively ensured, and the heating effect can be favorably ensured.
And twelve cladding heating devices are arranged on the th moving trolley in parallel, so that simultaneous cladding of two steel rails can be realized, the cladding efficiency is further improved , and the operation time is shortened.
Thirteen, the invention also comprises a PLC controller, the PLC controller is respectively connected with the plasma welding machine, the cooling mechanism, the th moving trolley, the second moving trolley and the power supply device, the PLC controller is used for controlling the plasma welding machine to start, send powder and swing, controlling the cooling mechanism to start and regulate temperature, controlling the th moving trolley and the second moving trolley to start and stop, controlling the power supply device to supply power, placing the cladding machine on the steel rail when in use, and inputting parameters through the PLC controller, so that the cladding machine can automatically move on the steel rail to clad the steel rail, and the automation degree is high.
Fourteen, the driving motor is a planetary gear reducing motor, its structure is small, the reduction ratio is large, the weight is several times lighter than the ordinary speed reducer, the speed is adjustable, the applicability is stronger.
Drawings
The invention will now be described in further detail at with reference to the drawings and detailed description, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rail cladding machine according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cladding heating apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a heating mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the heating mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cooling mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial side view of the dolly of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the power supply device and the gas supply device of the present invention mounted on a second mobile cart;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a steel rail cladding machine cladding alloy according to the present invention;
the drawing marks comprise 1, mobile trolleys, 2, second mobile trolleys, 3, a power supply device, 4, a gas supply device, 5, a cladding frame, 6, a heating mechanism, 7, a plasma welding machine, 8, a cooling mechanism, 9, an argon gas bottle, 10, a plasma welding gun, 11, a welding power supply, 12, a powder feeder, 13, a oscillator, 14, a transverse moving part, 15, a stepping motor, 16, a screw rod seat, 17, a screw rod, 18, a Y-axis sliding block, 19, a connecting piece, 20, a flame head, 21, a Z-axis sliding block, 22, a circulating water tank, 23, a refrigeration compressor, 24, wheels, 25, a coupling sleeve, 26, a driving motor, 27, an aluminum alloy frame, 28, a steel plate, 29, a diesel engine, 30, an oxygen bottle, 31, a liquefied gas bottle, 32 and a PLC.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A plasma alloying method for steel rail, comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun 10 on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley 1, and cladding alloy on the part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun 10;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 4mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 0.3 mm.
Example 2
A plasma alloying method for steel rail, comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun 10 on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley 1, and cladding alloy on the part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun 10;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 10mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 0.8 mm.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1% of B, 2% of Si and the balance of Ni.
Example 3
A plasma alloying method for steel rail, comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun 10 on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley 1, and cladding alloy on the part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun 10;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 15mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 1.2 mm.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.1% of C, 0.1% of Cr, 1.2% of B, 2% of Fe, 0.1% of Mn, 3% of Si, 0.1% of Mo and the balance of Ni.
Example 4
A plasma alloying method for steel rail, comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun 10 on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley 1, and cladding alloy on the part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun 10;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 25mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 1.8 mm.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.3% of C, 0.3% of Cr, 1.5% of B, 6% of Fe, 0.2% of Mn, 4% of Si, 0.2% of Mo and the balance of Ni.
Example 5
A plasma alloying method for steel rail, comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun 10 on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley 1, and cladding alloy on the part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun 10;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 35mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 2.5 mm.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.3% of C, 0.3% of Cr, 2% of B, 10% of Fe, 0.2% of Mn, 4% of Si, 0.2% of Mo and the balance of Ni.
Example 6
A plasma alloying method for steel rail, comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun 10 on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley 1, and cladding alloy on the part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun 10;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 40mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 3 mm.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.3% of C, 2% of Cr, 1% of B, 2% of Si and the balance of Ni.
Example 7
A plasma alloying method for steel rail, comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun 10 on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley 1, and cladding alloy on the part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun 10;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 40mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 3 mm.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.3% of C, 5% of Cr, 2% of B, 10% of Fe, 4% of Si and the balance of Ni.
Example 8
A plasma alloying method for steel rail, comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun 10 on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley 1, and cladding alloy on the part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun 10;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 40mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 3 mm.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 14% of Cr, 8% of Ni and the balance Fe.
Example 9
A plasma alloying method for steel rail, comprising the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun 10 on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley 1, and cladding alloy on the part to be clad on the tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun 10;
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 40mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 3 mm.
In the step a, the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.2% of C, 20% of Cr, 14% of Ni, 1% of B, 1.5% of Si, 2% of Mn and the balance of Fe.
The steel rail cladding machine comprises an -th moving trolley 1, a second moving trolley 2, a cladding heating device, a power supply device 3 and a gas supply device 4, the power supply device 3 and the gas supply device 4 are fixed on the second moving trolley 2, the cladding heating device comprises a cladding rack 5, a heating mechanism 6, a plasma welding machine 7, a cooling mechanism 8 and an argon gas bottle 9, the cladding rack 5 and the argon gas bottle 9 are installed on the -th moving trolley 1, the heating mechanism 6, the cooling mechanism 8 and the plasma welding machine 7 are all arranged on the cladding rack 5, the cooling mechanism 8 and the argon gas bottle 9 are all connected with the plasma welding machine 7, the plasma welding machine 7 moves along the Y-axis direction, the gas supply device 4 is connected with the heating mechanism 6, and the heating mechanism 6 moves along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
The plasma welding machine 7 comprises a plasma welding gun 10, a welding power supply 11, a powder feeder 12, a oscillator 13 and a transverse moving part 14, wherein the powder feeder 12 is fixed on the oscillator 13, the oscillator 13 is arranged on the transverse moving part 14, the welding power supply 11 is connected with the plasma welding gun 10, and the plasma welding gun 10 is connected with an argon gas bottle 9.
Heating mechanism 6 includes step motor 15, lead screw seat 16, lead screw 17, Y axle slider 18, connector 19 and flame head 20, it is provided with the X axle spout to melt to cover on the frame 5, lead screw seat 16 and X axle spout sliding connection, Y axle slider 18 sets up on lead screw 17, lead screw 17 sets up on lead screw seat 16, step motor 15 is connected with lead screw 17, connector 19 is connected with Y axle slider 18, be provided with Z axle spout on the connector 19, sliding connection has Z axle slider 21 on the Z axle spout, Z axle slider 21 is connected with flame head 20.
The cooling mechanism 8 comprises a circulating water tank 22 and a refrigeration compressor 23 fixed on the circulating water tank 22, and the refrigeration compressor 23 is connected with the plasma welding gun 10.
The th travelling car 1 and the second travelling car 2 both comprise a car frame, wheels 24, a coupling sleeve 25 and a driving motor 26, the car frame is formed by connecting an aluminum alloy frame 27 and a steel plate 28, the driving motor 26 is fixed on the steel plate 28, and a motor shaft of the driving motor 26 is connected with a wheel shaft of the wheels 24 through the coupling sleeve 25.
The power supply device 3 comprises four diesel engines 29, and the four diesel engines 29 are all fixed on the second moving trolley 2.
The gas supply device 4 comprises an oxygen cylinder 30 and a liquefied gas cylinder 31 for supplying gas to the flame head 20, and the oxygen cylinder 30 and the liquefied gas cylinder 31 are fixed on the second moving trolley 2.
The number of the cladding heating devices is two, and the two cladding heating devices are arranged on the moving trolley 1 in parallel.
The plasma welding machine is characterized by further comprising a PLC (programmable logic controller) 32, wherein the PLC 32 is respectively connected with the plasma welding machine 7, the cooling mechanism 8, the th moving trolley 1, the second moving trolley 2 and the power supply device 3, the PLC 32 is used for controlling the plasma welding machine 7 to start, feed powder and swing, controlling the cooling mechanism 8 to start and adjust the temperature, controlling the th moving trolley 1 and the second moving trolley 2 to start and stop, and controlling the power supply device 3 to supply power.
The drive motor 26 is a planetary gear reduction motor.
The steel rail cladding machine comprises an th moving trolley, a second moving trolley, a cladding heating device, a power supply device and a gas supply device, wherein the power supply device and the gas supply device are fixed on the second moving trolley, the cladding heating device comprises a cladding rack, a heating mechanism, a plasma welding machine, a cooling mechanism and an argon bottle, the cladding rack and the argon bottle are installed on the th moving trolley, the heating mechanism, the cooling mechanism and the plasma welding machine are all arranged on the cladding rack, the cooling mechanism and the argon bottle are all connected with the plasma welding machine, the plasma welding machine moves along the Y-axis direction, the gas supply device is connected with the heating mechanism, the heating mechanism moves along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the heating mechanism, the plasma welding machine and the cooling mechanism are organically integrated on the th moving trolley, the structure of the cladding machine is compact, the space and the size of the cladding machine are reduced to the maximum extent, the gas supply device can provide sufficient gas source for the heating mechanism, the power supply for the whole cladding machine, the stability and the continuity of the whole cladding machine in the whole process are ensured, the length of the steel rail can be moved along the th moving trolley, the cladding machine can be more uniformly matched with the length of the whole cladding machine, the cladding area to be processed, and the cladding area can be more uniformly processed on the whole cladding area, and the cladding area can be processed on the spot.
The plasma welding machine comprises a plasma welding gun, a welding power supply, a powder feeder, a oscillator and a transverse moving component, wherein the powder feeder is fixed on the oscillator, the oscillator is arranged on the transverse moving component, the welding power supply is connected with the plasma welding gun, the plasma welding gun is connected with an argon gas bottle, the plasma welding gun can move along the Y-axis direction under the action of the transverse moving component, namely, alloy is cladded on the width direction of a part to be cladded of a steel rail, the argon gas bottle and the plasma welding gun form a cladding protection gas circuit, and -step cladding stability can be further ensured.
Heating mechanism includes step motor, the lead screw seat, the lead screw, Y axle slider, connector and flame head, it is provided with X axle spout to melt to cover in the frame, lead screw seat and X axle spout sliding connection, Y axle slider sets up on the lead screw, the lead screw sets up on the lead screw seat, step motor is connected with the lead screw, the connector is connected with Y axle slider, be provided with Z axle spout on the connector, sliding connection has Z axle slider on the Z axle spout, Z axle slider is connected with the flame head, the removal of flame head on three-dimensional space has been realized, can be more accurate heat the alloy area after melting and covering, the heating is more comprehensive, heating effect has effectively been ensured.
The cooling mechanism comprises a circulating water tank and a refrigeration compressor fixed on the circulating water tank, the refrigeration compressor is connected with the plasma welding gun to form a circulating water path, the plasma welding gun can be circularly refrigerated, the cooling effect of the plasma welding gun is guaranteed, and the cladding stability is improved.
The th travelling car and the second travelling car both comprise a car frame, wheels, a coupling sleeve and a driving motor, the car frame is formed by connecting an aluminum alloy frame and a steel plate, the driving motor is fixed on the steel plate, a motor shaft of the driving motor is connected with the wheel shaft of the wheels through the coupling sleeve, the whole car frame is light in texture, good in rigidity and strong in bearing capacity, and the working stability of the whole cladding machine is guaranteed.
The power supply device comprises four diesel engines which are all fixed on the second moving trolley, so that abundant electric energy can be provided for the whole cladding machine, and the cladding requirement is met.
The gas supply device comprises an oxygen cylinder and a liquefied gas cylinder which are used for supplying gas to the flame head, the oxygen cylinder and the liquefied gas cylinder are fixed on the second moving trolley, the oxygen cylinder and the liquefied gas cylinder move along with cladding, the gas source is stable, the working reliability of the flame head can be effectively guaranteed, and the heating effect is favorably guaranteed.
The number of the cladding heating devices is two, the two cladding heating devices are arranged on the th moving trolley in parallel, simultaneous cladding of two steel rails can be achieved, cladding efficiency is improved in a step, and operation time is shortened.
The automatic cladding device is characterized by further comprising a PLC (programmable logic controller), wherein the PLC is respectively connected with the plasma welding machine, the cooling mechanism, the th moving trolley, the second moving trolley and the power supply device, the PLC is used for controlling the plasma welding machine to start, feed powder and swing, controlling the cooling mechanism to start and regulate temperature, controlling the th moving trolley and the second moving trolley to start and stop, and controlling the power supply device to supply power, when the automatic cladding device is used, the cladding machine is placed on a steel rail, parameters are input through the PLC, the cladding machine can automatically move on the steel rail, cladding of the steel rail is achieved, and the automation degree is high.
The driving motor is a planetary gear speed reducing motor, and has the advantages of small structure, large speed reducing ratio, light weight which is several times that of a common speed reducer, adjustable speed and stronger applicability.
Claims (10)
1, steel rail plasma cladding alloying method, characterized by, including the following steps:
a. placing a steel rail cladding machine on a steel rail, enabling a plasma welding gun (10) on the steel rail cladding machine to move at a constant speed along with an th moving trolley (1), and cladding alloy on a part to be clad on a tread of a steel rail head by the plasma welding gun (10);
b. the alloy strip formed after cladding the alloy is positioned on the inner side of the center of the rail head tread of the steel rail, the width of the alloy strip is 4-40mm, and the thickness of the heat affected zone of the steel rail is controlled to be 0.3-3 mm; after plasma cladding, the cooling speed of the heat affected zone is not controlled, so that the heat affected zone is rapidly cooled to directly obtain martensite, and a foundation is laid for timely converting the martensite into tempered sorbite or tempered sorbite and tempered troostite or tempered troostite for subsequent tempering.
2. The plasma cladding method of steel rail according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the alloy comprises the chemical composition of, by weight, 0-0.3% C, 0-0.3% Cr, 1-2% B, 0-10% Fe, 0-0.2% Mn, 2-4% Si, 0-0.2% Mo and the balance Ni.
3. The plasma cladding method of steel rail according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the alloy comprises the chemical composition of, by weight, 0-0.3% C, 2-5% Cr, 1-2% B, 0-10% Fe, 2-4% Si, and the balance Ni.
4. The plasma cladding method of steel rail according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the alloy comprises the chemical composition of, by weight, 0-0.2% C, 14-20% Cr, 8-14% Ni, 0-1% B, 0-1.5% Si, 0-2% Mn and the balance Fe.
5. The plasma steel rail cladding and alloying method of claim 1, wherein the steel rail cladding machine comprises a th moving trolley (1), a second moving trolley (2), a cladding heating device, a power supply device (3) and a gas supply device (4), the power supply device (3) and the gas supply device (4) are fixed on the second moving trolley (2), the cladding heating device comprises a cladding rack (5), a heating mechanism (6), a plasma welding machine (7), a cooling mechanism (8) and an argon gas cylinder (9), the cladding rack (5) and the argon gas cylinder (9) are installed on the th moving trolley (1), the heating mechanism (6), the cooling mechanism (8) and the plasma welding machine (7) are all arranged on the cladding rack (5), the cooling mechanism (8) and the argon gas cylinder (9) are all connected with the plasma welding machine (7), the plasma welding machine (7) moves along the Y-axis direction, the gas supply device (4) is connected with the heating mechanism (6), and the heating mechanism (6) moves along the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis directions.
6. A steel rail plasma cladding method according to claim 5, characterized in that the plasma welding machine (7) includes a plasma welding gun (10), a welding power supply (11), a powder feeder (12), a oscillator (13) and a lateral moving part (14), the powder feeder (12) is fixed on the oscillator (13), the oscillator (13) is arranged on the lateral moving part (14), the welding power supply (11) is connected with the plasma welding gun (10), the plasma welding gun (10) is connected with the argon gas bottle (9).
7. The plasma steel rail alloying method according to claim 5, wherein the heating mechanism (6) includes a stepping motor (15), a screw base (16), a screw (17), a Y-axis slider (18), a connector (19) and a flame head (20), the cladding rack (5) is provided with an X-axis chute, the screw base (16) is connected with the X-axis chute in a sliding manner, the Y-axis slider (18) is arranged on the screw (17), the screw (17) is arranged on the screw base (16), the stepping motor (15) is connected with the screw (17), the connector (19) is connected with the Y-axis slider (18), the connector (19) is provided with a Z-axis chute, the Z-axis chute is connected with the Z-axis slider (21) in a sliding manner, and the Z-axis slider (21) is connected with the flame head (20).
8. A steel rail plasma cladding method according to claim 6, wherein the cooling mechanism (8) includes a circulation water tank (22) and a refrigeration compressor (23) fixed on the circulation water tank (22), the refrigeration compressor (23) is connected with the plasma welding torch (10).
9. A steel rail plasma cladding method according to claim 5, wherein the th traveling car (1) and the second traveling car (2) each include a frame, wheels (24), a coupling sleeve (25) and a driving motor (26), the frame is formed by connecting an aluminum alloy frame (27) and a steel plate (28), the driving motor (26) is fixed on the steel plate (28), and a motor shaft of the driving motor (26) is connected with a wheel shaft of the wheels (24) through the coupling sleeve (25).
10. The steel rail plasma cladding method of claim 5, characterized in that, the method further comprises a PLC controller (32), the PLC controller (32) is respectively connected with the plasma welding machine (7), the cooling mechanism (8), the moving trolley (1), the second moving trolley (2) and the power supply device (3), the PLC controller (32) is used for controlling the plasma welding machine (7) to start, send powder and swing, the cooling mechanism (8) to start and adjust the temperature, the moving trolley (1) and the second moving trolley (2) to start and stop, and the power supply device (3) to supply power.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101144160A (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2008-03-19 | 德阳中铁科技有限责任公司 | Method for melting and coating anti-rust wear-resistant alloy on steel rail surface |
| CN101318248A (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2008-12-10 | 刘春雷 | Method and equipment for soldering anti-rust conductive metal on steel rail surface |
| CN102146563A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-08-10 | 张昆 | Production process for intelligent temperature adjusting steel rail with laser cladding layer and heat insulation coating |
| CN106884086A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-23 | 燕山大学 | The device and technique of a kind of bilateral flame heating removal submerged arc pipe weld residual stress |
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2017
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101144160A (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2008-03-19 | 德阳中铁科技有限责任公司 | Method for melting and coating anti-rust wear-resistant alloy on steel rail surface |
| CN101318248A (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2008-12-10 | 刘春雷 | Method and equipment for soldering anti-rust conductive metal on steel rail surface |
| CN102146563A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-08-10 | 张昆 | Production process for intelligent temperature adjusting steel rail with laser cladding layer and heat insulation coating |
| CN106884086A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-23 | 燕山大学 | The device and technique of a kind of bilateral flame heating removal submerged arc pipe weld residual stress |
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