CN107875855B - Comprehensive treatment method and device for exhaust gas pollutants of marine diesel engine - Google Patents
Comprehensive treatment method and device for exhaust gas pollutants of marine diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
- B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
- B01D53/504—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
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- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive treatment method and a comprehensive treatment device for exhaust gas pollutants of a marine diesel engine. The invention ensures that gas-liquid contact is more sufficient, and the reaction rate is obviously improved; the reaction consumes less medicament, thus reducing the fresh water consumption of the ship and the amount of the medicaments carried along with the ship; the size of the super-gravity reactor is small, so that the space occupied by a ship engine room is greatly reduced; the exhaust gas storage tank is connected with a scavenging system of the marine diesel engine, and the generation amount of nitrogen oxides of the diesel engine is directly reduced in an exhaust gas recirculation mode; the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas storage tank can also be used as inert gas for ships.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of atmospheric pollution caused by ships, and particularly relates to a comprehensive treatment method and device for exhaust gas pollutants of a marine diesel engine.
Background
In the world goods transportation, the ship transportation is favored due to the advantages of large transportation volume, safety, economy and the like, and more than 90 percent of goods traded externally are transported by ocean-going ships in China. Ocean vessels mostly use low-speed two-stroke diesel engines using inferior fuel oil such as heavy oil as fuel as a main power device, and exhaust gas after combustion of the inferior fuel oil contains a large amount of NOx、SOxPM, etc. Statistical NO due to shipx、SOxThe emission of the carbon dioxide occupies artificial NO in the worldx、SOxThe total amount of emissions is 15% and 5% or more, which causes serious harm to the atmospheric environment and human health.
In the face of severe atmospheric pollution caused by exhaust gas of diesel engines caused by ships, International Maritime Organization (IMO) sets a series of anti-pollution rules (such as MARPOL rules), and strict limits are imposed on the emission of harmful components in ship exhaust, especially strict requirements in emission control areas. China sets ship emission control areas in the water areas of Zhu triangle, Long triangle and Bohai sea (Jingjin Ji) to control NO of shipsx、SOxPM, etc.
In order to meet increasingly strict emission regulation requirements, ocean vessels respectively adopt various exhaust emission control technologies to reduce atmospheric environmental pollution. In recent years, researchers at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research and development work on the aspect of waste gas treatment technology, and put forward a plurality of ship waste gas pollutant control technologies. Typical denitration techniques include Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), etc., and typical desulfurization techniques include seawater scrubbing, sodium alkali scrubbing, etc., which have some problems in practical applications, although they have achieved some success in the desulfurization and denitration treatment of exhaust gas.
In the prior art, the SCR method is adopted to denitrate the flue gas, but the method has the problems of large device size, ammonia escape, easy poisoning and invalidation of a catalyst and the like, and has certain difficulty in application of denitration of the ship exhaust gas; exhaust gas denitration system of marine diesel engine based on EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), and can control NO of marine exhaust gas to a certain extentxEmissions, but affects the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine, andthe corrosion and abrasion of the diesel engine are accelerated by sucking the particulate matters; removal of SO in marine exhaust gas by sodium-alkali scrubbing systemxHowever, the single desulfurization treatment cannot treat NO in the exhaust gas of shipsxAnd removing. Some researchers have proposed the exhaust gas treatment technology of marine diesel engine combining wet scrubbing technology and exhaust gas recirculation, for example, proposed to re-introduce a part of the exhaust gas after desulfurization treatment into a scavenging tank to form an exhaust gas recirculation system for reducing NO of the marine diesel enginexHowever, this method cannot remove the particulate matter in the exhaust gas, and increases the wear on the cylinder.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, a method and an apparatus for comprehensive treatment of exhaust gas pollutants of marine diesel engines are provided. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a comprehensive treatment method for exhaust gas pollutants of a marine diesel engine comprises the following steps:
s1, enabling exhaust gas of a marine diesel engine to enter a supergravity reactor, and removing sulfur oxides and particles in the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine through wet washing;
s2, fully mixing the waste gas obtained by the supergravity reactor with oxidant aerosol, and efficiently oxidizing NO by the oxidant aerosol to form waste gas containing nitrate aerosol particles;
s3, removing particles such as aerosol, fog drops and the like in the waste gas containing nitrate aerosol particles through high-voltage electrostatic adsorption;
s4, pressurizing a part of the waste gas treated in the step S3 through an air compressor, storing the part of the waste gas in a waste gas storage tank, and directly discharging the rest part of the waste gas to the atmosphere;
s5, storing a part of the waste gas in a waste gas storage tank, entering a scavenging system of the marine diesel engine, and reducing the highest combustion temperature of gas in a cylinder of the diesel engine through waste gas recirculation so as to directly reduce the generation amount of nitrogen oxides of the diesel engine; the rest part is used as inert gas of the ship.
In step S1, the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine is cooled before entering the high gravity reactor.
The oxidant aerosol in the step S2 is generated by compressed air atomization, spray atomization or ultrasonic atomization.
In step S3, the removal efficiency is adjusted by adjusting the output power of the high-voltage power supply for high-voltage static electricity.
The washing liquid in the super-gravity reactor is an aqueous solution of one or more alkaline compounds of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and water in the aqueous solution is fresh water or seawater.
The oxidant in the oxidant aerosol is one or more aqueous solution of chlorine-containing compounds of sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate and sodium perchlorate; the water in the aqueous solution is fresh water or seawater.
The invention also discloses a comprehensive treatment device for the exhaust gas pollutants of the marine diesel engine, which comprises a Venturi tube washing device, a supergravity reactor, a waste liquid cabinet, an oxidant aerosol generating device, an aerosol reaction zone, an electrostatic demisting device, an air compressor and an exhaust gas storage tank;
the lower part of the side wall of the supergravity reactor is communicated with a hole I on the side wall of the diesel engine exhaust pipe through a pipe I, the side wall of the diesel engine exhaust pipe is also provided with a hole II, the hole II is positioned between the hole I and an exhaust port of the diesel engine exhaust pipe, the pipe I is provided with the Venturi tube washing device, a pipe section of the pipe I between the hole I and the Venturi tube washing device is provided with a one-way valve I, the upper part of the side wall of the supergravity reactor is provided with a cleaning solution injection port, the bottom end of the supergravity reactor is communicated with the waste liquid cabinet, the top end of the supergravity reactor is communicated with the bottom end of the electrostatic demisting device through an aerosol reaction pipe, the aerosol reaction area is positioned in the aerosol reaction pipe, the oxidant aerosol generating device is positioned at the bottom of the aerosol reaction area, and an aerosol nozzle, still be equipped with the oxidant filling tube on the oxidant aerial fog generating device, the top of electrostatic defogging device has pipe II, pipe II communicates with pipe III and pipe IV respectively, pipe III with hole II intercommunication, be equipped with check valve II on the pipe III, pipe IV passes through the air compressor machine with the top of waste gas storage jar communicates, be equipped with flow control valve I on the pipe IV, the bottom of waste gas storage jar is linked together through pipe V and diesel engine scavenging system, be equipped with flow control valve II on the pipe V, be equipped with the inert gas conveyer pipe on the waste gas storage jar, hole I with between the hole II be equipped with check valve III and check valve IV on the pipeline section of diesel engine blast pipe in proper order. The upper end of the aerial fog reaction tube extends into the electrostatic demisting device and is positioned below an electrostatic field of the electrostatic demisting device, and an impact preventing plate is arranged between the upper end of the aerial fog reaction tube and the electrostatic field of the electrostatic demisting device.
The waste gas of the marine diesel engine to be treated firstly passes through the Venturi tube washing device for cooling treatment, then enters the super-gravity reactor, sulfur oxides and particulate matters in the waste gas of the marine diesel engine are removed through wet washing, the generated waste liquid enters the waste liquid cabinet, the generated waste gas enters the aerosol reaction zone after passing through the super-gravity reactor, and is fully mixed with a proper amount of oxidant aerosol generated by the oxidant aerosol generating device, NO in the waste gas is efficiently oxidized to form waste gas containing nitrate aerosol particles, then the waste gas containing the nitrate aerosol particles enters the electrostatic demisting device, the particulate matters such as aerosol, fog drops and the like in the waste gas containing the nitrate aerosol particles are removed through the high-voltage electrostatic adsorption effect, and a part of the obtained waste gas is pressurized by the air compressor and then stored in the waste gas storage tank, and the other part of the exhaust gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere, one part of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas storage tank enters a diesel engine scavenging system, the generation amount of nitrogen oxides of the diesel engine is directly reduced by means of exhaust gas recirculation, and the other part of the exhaust gas can be used as ship inert gas.
Compared with other ship diesel engine waste gas treatment technologies, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the invention, the waste gas is washed by using the supergravity reactor and using the alkali liquor as a washing agent, so that the desulfurization and dust removal treatment is realized, and compared with the traditional wet washing technology, the method has the advantages that the gas-liquid contact is more sufficient, and the reaction rate is obviously improved; the reaction consumes less medicament, thus reducing the fresh water consumption of the ship and the amount of the medicaments carried along with the ship; the size of the super-gravity reactor is small, and the space occupied by a ship engine room is greatly reduced.
2. The invention is provided with an aerosol reaction area between the hypergravity reactor and the electrostatic demisting device, an oxidant aerosol generating device is used for atomizing the oxidant, NO in the waste gas is efficiently oxidized to form the waste gas containing nitrate aerosol particles, and then the electrostatic demisting device is used for removing the particles such as aerosol, fog drops and the like in the waste gas containing the nitrate aerosol particles, thereby achieving the aim of further denitration.
3. In the invention, a part of waste gas obtained after desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal treatment is pressurized by an air compressor and then stored in a waste gas storage tank; the exhaust gas storage tank is connected with a scavenging system of the marine diesel engine, and the generation amount of nitrogen oxides of the diesel engine is directly reduced in an exhaust gas recirculation mode; the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas storage tank can also be used as inert gas of the ship.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of the technology for preventing and controlling the atmospheric pollution of ships and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated treatment device for pollutants in exhaust gas of a marine diesel engine according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A comprehensive treatment method for pollutants in the exhaust gas of a marine diesel engine realizes the treatment of SO in the exhaust gas of the marine diesel enginex、NOxAnd removing various pollutants such as PM and the like, comprising the following steps:
s1, enabling the ship diesel engine waste gas subjected to cooling treatment to enter a supergravity reactor, and removing sulfur oxides and particulate matters in the ship diesel engine waste gas through wet washing, wherein washing liquid in the supergravity reactor is aqueous solution of one or more alkaline compounds of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, water in the aqueous solution is fresh water or seawater, and the related chemical reaction process is as follows:
SO2(g)→SO2(l)
SO2(l)+2OH-(l)→SO3 2-(l)+H2O(l)
SO3 2-(l)+2OH-(l)→SO4 2-(l)+H2O(l)；
s2, fully mixing the waste gas obtained by the supergravity reactor with a proper amount of oxidant aerosol, wherein NO is efficiently oxidized by the oxidant aerosol to form waste gas containing nitrate aerosol particles, and the oxidant in the oxidant aerosol is aqueous solution of one or more chlorine-containing compounds of sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate and sodium perchlorate; the water in the water solution is fresh water or seawater, and the involved chemical reaction process is as follows:
NO(g)→NO(l)
NO(l)+NO2+H2O(l)→2HNO2(l)
2NO(l)+ClO2 -(l)→Cl-(l)+2NO2(l)
4NO(l)+3ClO2 -(l)+2H2O(l)→4HNO3(l)+3Cl-(l)
3NO(l)+ClO3 -(l)→3NO2(l)+Cl-(l)
3NO2(l)+ClO3 -(l)+OH-→3NO3 -(l)+Cl-(l)+H2O(l)
2NO(l)+ClO3 -(l)+2OH-→2NO3 -(l)+Cl-(l)+H2O(l)；
s3, removing particles such as aerosol, fog drops and the like in the waste gas containing nitrate aerosol particles through high-voltage electrostatic adsorption;
s4, pressurizing a part of the waste gas treated in the step S3 through an air compressor, storing the part of the waste gas in a waste gas storage tank, and directly discharging the rest part of the waste gas to the atmosphere;
s5, storing a part of the waste gas in a waste gas storage tank, entering a scavenging system of the marine diesel engine, and reducing the highest combustion temperature of gas in a cylinder of the diesel engine through waste gas recirculation so as to directly reduce the generation amount of nitrogen oxides of the diesel engine; the rest part is used as inert gas of the ship.
The oxidant aerosol in the step S2 is generated by compressed air atomization, spray atomization or ultrasonic atomization.
In step S3, the removal efficiency is adjusted by adjusting the output power of the high-voltage power supply for high-voltage static electricity.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the comprehensive treatment device for exhaust gas pollutants of marine diesel engines comprises a venturi tube washing device 1, a supergravity reactor 2, a waste liquid cabinet 3, an oxidant aerosol generating device 4, an aerosol reaction zone 5, an electrostatic demisting device 6, an air compressor 7 and an exhaust gas storage tank 8;
the lower part of the side wall of the supergravity reactor 2 is communicated with a hole I on the side wall of a diesel exhaust pipe 10 through a pipe I9, the side wall of the diesel exhaust pipe 10 is further provided with a hole II, the hole II is positioned between the hole I and an exhaust port of the diesel exhaust pipe 10, the pipe I9 is provided with the Venturi tube washing device 1, a pipe section of the pipe I9 positioned between the hole I and the Venturi tube washing device 1 is provided with a check valve I11, the upper part of the side wall of the supergravity reactor 2 is provided with a washing liquid injection port 12, the bottom end of the supergravity reactor 2 is communicated with the waste liquid cabinet 3, the top end of the supergravity reactor 2 is communicated with the bottom end of the electrostatic demisting device 6 through an aerosol reaction pipe 13, the aerosol reaction zone 5 is positioned in the aerosol reaction pipe 13, and the oxidant aerosol generating device 4 is positioned at the bottom of the aerosol reaction zone, the aerosol nozzle of the oxidant aerosol generating device 4 is upward, the oxidant aerosol generating device 4 is also provided with an oxidant injection pipe 14, the top end of the electrostatic demisting device 6 is provided with a pipe II 15, the pipe II 15 is respectively communicated with a pipe III 16 and a pipe IV 17, the pipe III 16 is communicated with the hole II, a one-way valve II 18 is arranged on the pipe III 16, the pipe IV 17 is communicated with the top end of the waste gas storage tank 8 through the air compressor 7, a flow regulating valve I19 is arranged on the pipe IV 17, the bottom end of the waste gas storage tank 8 is communicated with a diesel engine scavenging system 21 through a pipe V20, a flow regulating valve II 22 is arranged on the pipe V20, an inert gas conveying pipe 23 is arranged on the waste gas storage tank 8, and a one-way valve III 24 and a one-way valve IV 25 are sequentially arranged on the pipe section of the diesel engine exhaust pipe 10 between the hole I and the hole II.
The upper end of the aerial fog reaction tube 13 extends into the electrostatic defogging device 6 and is positioned below the electrostatic field of the electrostatic defogging device 6, and an impact preventing plate 26 is arranged between the upper end of the aerial fog reaction tube 13 and the electrostatic field of the electrostatic defogging device 6.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A comprehensive treatment method for exhaust gas pollutants of a marine diesel engine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, enabling the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine to enter a hypergravity reactor, and removing sulfur oxides and particulate matters in the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine through wet washing;
s2, fully mixing the waste gas obtained by the supergravity reactor with oxidant aerial fog, wherein NO is efficiently oxidized by the oxidant aerial fog to form waste gas containing nitrate aerosol particles;
s3, removing aerosol and fog drop particles in the waste gas containing nitrate aerosol particles through high-voltage electrostatic adsorption;
s4, pressurizing a part of the waste gas treated in the step S3 by an air compressor, storing the part of the waste gas in a waste gas storage tank, and directly discharging the rest of the waste gas to the atmosphere;
s5, storing a part of the waste gas in the waste gas storage tank into a scavenging system of the marine diesel engine, and reducing the highest combustion temperature of gas in a cylinder of the diesel engine through waste gas recirculation so as to directly reduce the generation amount of nitrogen oxides of the diesel engine; the rest part is used as inert gas of the ship;
the oxidant aerosol in the step S2 is generated by compressed air atomization or ultrasonic atomization;
the device adopted in the comprehensive treatment method of the exhaust gas pollutants of the marine diesel engine comprises a Venturi tube washing device, a supergravity reactor, a waste liquid cabinet, an oxidant aerosol generating device, an aerosol reaction zone, an electrostatic demisting device, an air compressor and an exhaust gas storage tank;
the lower part of the side wall of the supergravity reactor is communicated with a hole I on the side wall of the diesel engine exhaust pipe through a pipe I, the side wall of the diesel engine exhaust pipe is also provided with a hole II, the hole II is positioned between the hole I and an exhaust port of the diesel engine exhaust pipe, the pipe I is provided with the Venturi tube washing device, a pipe section of the pipe I between the hole I and the Venturi tube washing device is provided with a one-way valve I, the upper part of the side wall of the supergravity reactor is provided with a cleaning solution injection port, the bottom end of the supergravity reactor is communicated with the waste liquid cabinet, the top end of the supergravity reactor is communicated with the bottom end of the electrostatic demisting device through an aerosol reaction pipe, the aerosol reaction area is positioned in the aerosol reaction pipe, the oxidant aerosol generating device is positioned at the bottom of the aerosol reaction area, and an aerosol nozzle, still be equipped with the oxidant filling tube on the oxidant aerial fog generating device, the top of electrostatic defogging device has pipe II, pipe II communicates with pipe III and pipe IV respectively, pipe III with hole II intercommunication, be equipped with check valve II on the pipe III, pipe IV passes through the air compressor machine with the top of waste gas storage jar communicates, be equipped with flow control valve I on the pipe IV, the bottom of waste gas storage jar is linked together through pipe V and diesel engine scavenging system, be equipped with flow control valve II on the pipe V, be equipped with the inert gas conveyer pipe on the waste gas storage jar, hole I with between the hole II be equipped with check valve III and check valve IV on the pipeline section of diesel engine blast pipe in proper order.
2. The comprehensive treatment method for the pollutants in the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine is cooled before entering the high gravity reactor.
3. The comprehensive treatment method for the pollutants in the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3, the removal efficiency is adjusted by adjusting the output power of the high-voltage power supply for high-voltage static electricity.
4. The comprehensive treatment method for the pollutants in the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the washing liquid in the super-gravity reactor is an aqueous solution of one or more alkaline compounds of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and water in the aqueous solution is fresh water or seawater.
5. The comprehensive treatment method for the pollutants in the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the oxidant in the oxidant aerosol is one or more aqueous solution of chlorine-containing compounds of sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate and sodium perchlorate; the water in the aqueous solution is fresh water or seawater.
6. The comprehensive treatment method for the pollutants in the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the upper end of the aerial fog reaction tube extends into the electrostatic demisting device and is positioned below an electrostatic field of the electrostatic demisting device, and an impact preventing plate is arranged between the upper end of the aerial fog reaction tube and the electrostatic field of the electrostatic demisting device.
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