CN106621756B - Device for cooperatively treating multiple pollutants in ship engine exhaust and working method thereof - Google Patents
Device for cooperatively treating multiple pollutants in ship engine exhaust and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106621756B CN106621756B CN201710042258.1A CN201710042258A CN106621756B CN 106621756 B CN106621756 B CN 106621756B CN 201710042258 A CN201710042258 A CN 201710042258A CN 106621756 B CN106621756 B CN 106621756B
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for cooperatively treating multiple pollutants discharged by a ship engine, which comprises an upright cylindrical absorption tower, wherein the lower part of the absorption tower is provided with an air inlet communicated with the exhaust of the ship engine, and the top of the absorption tower is provided with an air outlet discharged outwards; the absorption tower is sequentially provided with a turbulent flow oxidation area, a filling area, a seawater distribution system and a demisting area from bottom to top; the bottom of the absorption tower is also provided with a seawater discharge outlet; the turbulent flow oxidation zone is positioned at the bottom of the absorption tower and below the liquid level, a plurality of layers of horizontal turbulent flow tubes which are staggered or arranged in sequence are arranged in the turbulent flow oxidation zone, and the turbulent flow tubes are parallel to each other; the seawater distribution system is communicated with an external seawater supply pipeline, an alkali liquor addition system and an oxidant addition system are arranged on the seawater supply pipeline, and the seawater distribution system sprays the seawater added with the alkali liquor and the oxidant downwards; the filler area is of a honeycomb structure and is used for increasing the contact range of spraying liquid and gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for cooperatively treating multiple pollutants in ship engine exhaust (namely exhaust of a ship engine), belonging to the technical field of ship atmospheric pollutant treatment.
Background
China is a country with rich inland river shipping resources. By the end of 2013, China has 17.26 thousands of water transport ships with a payload of 2.44 hundred million tons. The ten major ports in the world, China occupies eight seats, and the throughput occupies about one fourth of the world.
The environmental pollution problem brought by ship transportation is increasingly prominent. According to measurement and calculation, the emission of sulfur dioxide of ships in 2013 nationwide accounts for about 8.4% of the total national emission, and the emission of nitrogen oxides accounts for 11.3%. The most affected by ship pollution is in port cities, and then river and coastal cities.
According to the results of 2012 in Shanghai, ships emit generated sulfur dioxide (SO) 2 ) Nitrogen Oxide (NO) x ) And fine particulate matter (PM2.5) account for 12.4%, 11.6%, and 5.6%, respectively, of the total amount emitted in shanghai city. The data in hong kong, 2012 showed that the ship exhaust emissions were breathable particulate matter throughout the market (PM 10)) NOx and SO 2 Wherein the first two account for about 30%, SO 2 It reaches 50%.
Inferior fuel oil with high sulfur content for ships is the largest influencing factor causing pollutant emission. At present, 60-65% of the marine fuel consumption in China is marine fuel oil, and a small amount of light diesel oil (common diesel oil) is used. According to the standard of bunker fuel oil (GB/T17411-2012), the sulfur content of the bunker fuel oil in China is 1-3.5% (10000-35000ppm) which is 700 times of 200-fold sulfur content of the four-way diesel oil in China. Ships using high sulfur oil such as \ \ mobile thermal power plant \ "which co-burns inferior coal and has no tail gas treatment device. According to standard requirements, the control of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from ships is implemented in two stages: in the first stage, compared with the current state of ship emission in China, PM emission is reduced by about 70%, and NO is reduced x The emission is reduced by more than 20%; second stage, PM and NO x A further reduction of 40% and 20%, respectively, will be obtained on a first stage basis. Therefore, it is very important to research and develop a technology and a device for treating exhaust pollutants of a ship.
At present, no system device or method exists for treating the ship engine exhaust pollutants, the effect is poor only by a method for improving the quality of the ship fuel oil, the cost of a shipowner can be obviously increased, and if the device is provided, the content of each pollutant in the ship engine exhaust can be systematically removed or reduced, so that the emission standard meeting the environmental protection requirement is met, and the technical problem urgently needed to be solved in the field is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for ship engine exhaust, which can systematically remove or reduce the content of various pollutants to reach the emission standard of environmental protection requirements; meanwhile, the requirements on the quality of ship fuel oil are reduced, and the cost of a shipowner is reduced.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for the cooperative treatment of multiple pollutants in ship engine exhaust comprises an upright cylindrical absorption tower, wherein the lower part of the absorption tower is provided with an air inlet communicated with the ship engine exhaust, and the top of the absorption tower is provided with an air outlet for discharging the gas to the outside; the absorption tower is sequentially provided with a turbulent flow oxidation area, a filling area, a seawater distribution system and a demisting area from bottom to top; the bottom of the absorption tower is also provided with a seawater discharge outlet; the turbulent flow oxidation zone is positioned at the bottom of the absorption tower and below the liquid level, a plurality of layers of horizontal turbulent flow tubes which are staggered or arranged in sequence are arranged in the turbulent flow oxidation zone, and the turbulent flow tubes are parallel to each other; the seawater distribution system is communicated with an external seawater supply pipeline, an alkali liquor addition system and an oxidant addition system are arranged on the seawater supply pipeline, and the seawater distribution system sprays the seawater added with the alkali liquor and the oxidant downwards; the filler area is of a honeycomb structure and is used for increasing the contact range of spraying liquid and gas.
Furthermore, a liquid level sensor is arranged at the top of the turbulent flow oxidation zone, an electric control valve is arranged at the seawater discharge port, and the opening of the electric control valve is automatically adjusted according to the liquid level, so that the liquid level height in the absorption tower is controlled.
Furthermore, a seawater pump is arranged on the seawater supply pipeline.
And furthermore, the device also comprises an exhaust gas releasing system, and two ends of the exhaust gas releasing system are respectively communicated with the middle part of the absorption tower and a seawater discharge pipeline.
Furthermore, a plurality of spray heads for spraying the seawater downwards are uniformly distributed on the seawater distribution system.
A working method of a ship engine exhaust multi-pollutant cooperative treatment device comprises the following steps:
s1, enabling the ship engine exhaust to enter a turbulent flow oxidation area from an air inlet, performing sufficient oxidation denitration in the turbulent flow oxidation area, and removing most PM particles;
s2, allowing the ship engine exhaust gas to leave the turbulent flow oxidation area and upwards receive the spraying of the seawater distribution system in the filling area, desulfurizing the gas by using the alkalescence of the seawater and the added alkali liquor, and further removing PM particles;
s3, after seawater desulfurization, the desulfurized seawater is oxidized and aerated in the turbulent flow oxidation zone, so that the seawater discharged to the ocean meets the requirements of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).
Further, in step S1: the oxidation denitration takes place as follows: 2NO + O 2 ＝2NO 2 ，3NO 2 +H 2 O＝2HNO 3 + NO; NO and NO 2 Can achieve 1:1 removal, i.e. NO X The removal efficiency can reach more than 50 percent.
Further, in step S2, desulfurization is performed as follows: SO (SO) 2 Absorption of (2): SO (SO) 2 (gas) + H 2 O (liquid) ═ H 2 SO 3 (liquid) H 2 SO 3 ＝H + +HSO 3 - ，HSO 3 - ＝H + +SO 3 2- (ii) a Reaction with seawater: h + +HCO 3 - ＝H 2 O+CO 2 ，HSO 3 - +HCO 3 - ＝H 2 O+SO 3 2- +CO 2 (ii) a Reaction with alkali liquor: h + +OH - ＝H 2 O，HSO 3 - +OH - ＝H 2 O+SO 3 2- 。
Further, in step S3, the oxidation and aeration occur as follows: and (3) oxidation: SO (SO) 3 2- +1/2O 2 ＝SO 4 2- (ii) a Gas stripping: CO 2 2 (dissolved) CO 2 (gaseous).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the content of various pollutants discharged by the ship can be systematically removed or reduced, and the discharge standard of the environmental protection requirement is met;
2) the requirements on the quality of the ship fuel oil are reduced, and the cost of a ship owner is reduced;
3) the combination of the seawater and alkali liquor desulfurization process can be suitable for the navigation of ships in different water areas, and can meet the emission requirement of ship engine exhaust.
4) The ballast water disinfectant is used as an oxidant for seawater desulfurization and an oxidant for wet denitration, so that the seawater recovery function in the desulfurization process can be realized, the oxidation and denitration effects in the denitration process can be realized, and the effect of killing two birds with one stone can be achieved.
5) The seawater with natural alkalescence is skillfully utilized, and the desulfurization effect is facilitated.
6) And a liquid level sensor and an electric control valve are arranged to control the liquid level height in the absorption tower.
7) The seawater discharge pipeline is provided with an exhaust emission relief system, so that ship exhaust carried by discharged seawater is sent back to the absorption tower again, pollution leakage is avoided, and the system is safer and more reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the ship engine exhaust gas multi-pollutant cooperative treatment device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process for adding alkali liquor and an oxidizing agent to seawater.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a-a direction and a-b direction of the spoiler grid module of FIG. 1.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of a seawater distribution system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Desulfurization by seawater and alkali liquor
The seawater method for desulfurizing fume is to utilize the natural alkalinity of seawater to absorb SO in fume 2 A desulfurization process. Natural seawater is generally alkaline, has a pH value generally greater than 7, and mainly contains chloride, sulfate and a part of soluble carbonate, such as bicarbonate (HCO) 3 - ) The natural alkalinity is about 1.2-2.5 mmol/L, which makes the seawater have natural acid-base buffer capacity and SO absorption 2 The ability of the cell to perform.
When the ship sails at sea or offshore, the seawater can be used for removing SO in the exhaust gas of the ship engine 2 Natural absorbents for acidic contaminants; when the ship sails in an inland river, if the alkalinity of the inland river water is not strong enough to be used as SO 2 When the absorbent for acidic pollutants is needed, part of alkali liquor (sodium hydroxide solution) can be added as a supplementary absorbent. The reaction principle is as follows:
SO 2 absorption of (2):
SO 2 (gas) + H 2 O (liquid) ═ H 2 SO 3 (liquid)
H 2 SO 3 ＝H + +HSO 3 -
HSO 3 - ＝H + +SO 3 2-
Reaction with seawater:
H + +HCO 3 - ＝H 2 O+CO 2
HSO 3 - +HCO 3 - ＝H 2 O+SO 3 2- +CO 2
reaction with alkali liquor:
H + +OH - ＝H 2 O
HSO 3 - +OH - ＝H 2 O+SO 3 2-
the device combines the seawater and alkali liquor desulfurization process, can be suitable for the navigation of ships in different water areas, and can meet the exhaust emission requirement of ship engines.
Oxidizing with oxidant
After seawater desulfurization, the seawater discharged to the ocean needs to meet the requirements of dissolved oxygen DO and chemical oxygen demand COD, and the desulfurized seawater needs to be oxidized and aerated. The following reactions occur:
oxidized SO 3 2- +1/2O 2 ＝SO 4 2- ；
Gas stripping of CO 2 (dissolved) CO 2 (gaseous);
if the conventional air oxidation and aeration are adopted, an aeration fan and an aeration tank are needed, so that the power consumption is high, the occupied area is large, and the method is not suitable for the actual situation of the ship.
The device adopts ballast water disinfectant as the oxidant of the desulfurized seawater, and meets the requirements of dissolved oxygen DO and chemical oxygen demand COD of the discharged seawater by combining the disturbed flow oxidation aeration system shown in figure 3.
Thirdly, wet denitration by oxidant
The ballast water disinfectant not only serves as an oxidant for seawater desulfurization, but also serves as an oxidant for wet denitration. The following reactions mainly occur:
2NO+O 2 ＝2NO 2 (3-1)
3NO 2 +H 2 O＝2HNO 3 +NO(3-2)
NO X the content of NO in the product is about 95%, and NO 2 About 5 percent, the reaction formulas (3-1) and (3-2) can quickly react at normal temperature, and NO can be generated when the seawater medium contains enough oxidant 2 Can achieve 1:1 removal, i.e. NO X The removal efficiency can reach more than 50 percent.
This device adopts ballast water disinfectant as the desulfurization of sea water's oxidant and the oxidant of wet process denitration, can play the sea water recovery function of desulfurization process, can play the oxidation and the denitration effect of denitration process again.
Desulfurizing and dedusting in packed tower
As the sea water desulfurization, both can adopt the spray column and can adopt the packed tower, this device adopts the packed tower, and the packing can adopt stainless steel, and main advantage has:
1. the gas-liquid contact area of the packing area is far larger than that of the spraying area, and the desulfurization efficiency is higher than that of the spraying tower;
2. the filler area can remove dust;
3. the flue gas flow velocity of the packed tower is only about half of that of the spray tower, the tower body resistance is small, and the energy is saved;
4. the upper seawater distribution system adopts normal-pressure spraying, the lift of the seawater pump is low, and energy is saved.
Turbulent flow oxidation system
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, when untreated ship exhaust passes through seawater liquid phase, high-temperature flue gas and seawater undergo violent heat exchange to generate a large amount of water vapor and bubbles, and the water vapor and bubbles are fully contacted with seawater and an oxidant through a turbulent flow oxidation aeration device (three groups of tube rows), so that on one hand, the denitration effect of more than 50 percent is achieved, on the other hand, sulfite is oxidized into sulfate and the like, and simultaneously, CO in the seawater is reduced 2 And the desulfurized and denitrified seawater meets the discharge requirement.
The effects of the implementation are specifically described below at 10000Nm 3 H, 160 ℃ ship exhaust as an example:
the main pollutant components of the ship engine exhaust are as follows:
| NO X | SO X | PM |
| ppm | ppm | ppm |
| <800 | <1000 | <200 |
after passing through the cooperative treatment device, the discharge indexes are as follows:
| item | NO X | SO X | PM |
| Unit | ppm | ppm | ppm |
| Before treatment | <800 | <1000 | <200 |
| After treatment | <400 | <50 | <50 |
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a device that many pollutants of ship machine exhaust were administered in coordination which characterized in that:
the device comprises an upright cylindrical absorption tower, wherein the lower part of the absorption tower is provided with an air inlet communicated with the exhaust of a ship engine, and the top of the absorption tower is provided with an air outlet for discharging the air to the outside; the absorption tower is sequentially provided with a turbulent flow oxidation area, a filling area, a seawater distribution system and a demisting area from bottom to top; the bottom of the absorption tower is also provided with a seawater discharge outlet; the ship engine exhaust enters the turbulent flow oxidation area from the air inlet;
the turbulent flow oxidation zone is positioned at the bottom of the absorption tower and below the liquid level, a plurality of layers of horizontal turbulent flow tubes which are staggered or arranged in sequence are arranged in the turbulent flow oxidation zone, and the turbulent flow tubes are parallel to each other;
the seawater distribution system is communicated with an external seawater supply pipeline, an alkali liquor addition system and an oxidant addition system are arranged on the seawater supply pipeline, and the seawater distribution system sprays the seawater added with the alkali liquor and the oxidant downwards;
the filler area is of a honeycomb structure and is used for increasing the contact range of spraying liquid and gas;
the device also comprises an exhaust relief system, wherein two ends of the exhaust relief system are respectively communicated with the middle part of the absorption tower and a seawater discharge pipeline;
and a liquid level sensor is arranged at the top of the turbulent flow oxidation zone, an electric control valve is arranged at the seawater discharge port, and the opening of the electric control valve is automatically adjusted according to the liquid level, so that the liquid level height in the absorption tower is controlled.
2. The device for the cooperative treatment of the multi-pollutants in the ship engine exhaust gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein a seawater pump is arranged on the seawater supply pipeline.
3. The apparatus for the cooperative control of multi-pollutants in exhaust gas of ship engines as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of nozzles for spraying seawater downwards are uniformly distributed on the seawater distribution system.
4. The working method of the ship engine exhaust gas multi-pollutant cooperative treatment device of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, enabling the ship engine exhaust to enter a turbulent flow oxidation area from an air inlet, performing sufficient oxidation denitration in the turbulent flow oxidation area, and removing most PM particles;
s2, allowing the ship engine exhaust gas to leave the turbulent flow oxidation area and upwards receive the spraying of the seawater distribution system in the filling area, desulfurizing the gas by using the alkalescence of the seawater and the added alkali liquor, and further removing PM particles;
s3, oxidizing and aerating the desulfurized seawater in the turbulent flow oxidation zone to make the seawater discharged to the ocean meet the requirements of dissolved oxygen DO and chemical oxygen demand COD.
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| CN202803099U (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2013-03-20 | 浙江天蓝环保技术股份有限公司 | Device for wet flue gas desulfurization of white mud/acetylene sludge-plaster |
| CN103007691A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-04-03 | 青岛双瑞海洋环境工程股份有限公司 | Method and equipment of integrally desulfurizing and denitrifying flue gas for marine gas turbine |
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